1)

(a)In the second Lashon, Resh Lakish asked Rebbi Chanina whether 'Chutzah lah' in our Mishnah incorporates the butchery of Aza, which he answered - by comparing it to a Jew and a Nochri in Tzor (Tyre), cooking in two pots one beside the other on the same stove.

(b)When Abaye explained 'Lo Chashu lahem Chachamim Basar Neveilah', he meant that - the Chachamim did not suspect the Nochri of throwing a piece of Neveilah into the Jew's pot (involving an Isur d'Oraysa).

(c)The parallel ruling in our Mishnah is - not to suspect that the Nochri is purchasing the animal specifically for the purpose of sacrificing it inside the town, involving the Isur d'Oraysa of "ve'Lo Yidbak be'Yadcha Me'umah min ha'Cherem".

(d)Rava disagreed with Abaye - because, whereas we do not suspect the Nochri of throwing Neveilah into the Jew's pot, because a. he gains nothing and b. he is afraid that he might be seen doing so, in our case, the Nochri wants to do his friend who lives in the town a favor, in which case, we cannot ignore the Chashash of an Isur d'Oraysa.

2)

(a)Rava therefore, explains the Chidush of the 'two pots in Tyre' - in that we do not suspect the Yisrael of relying on the Nochri to cook for him (involving an Isur de'Rabbanan).

(b)And the parallel ruling in our Mishnah will be - where the butcher took the money from the till (which is definitely not D'mei Avodas-Kochamim), and we are not worried about the Isur de'Rabbanan of doing business with a Nochri during his festival (because he might sacrifice the animal to his god).

(c)Rabah bar Ula disagrees with Rava, however. Declining to compare the two cases, he is ...

1. ... lenient in the case of the two pots - because it is easy to avoid all problems by stoking the burning coals.

2. ... strict in the case of our Mishnah, because there is no equivalent reason to permit selling or buying in the butchery of Aza, which is so close to the town, and where the likelihood that the butcher belongs to the town is a real one.

(d)He therefore explains the leniency of ...

1. ... the case of the two pots in Tzor in that - the Chachamim were not afraid of some drops having splashed from the Nochri's pot into the Yisrael's (due to the fact that a. it is not common, and b. it is no more than an Isur de'Rabbanan (seeing as the drops are Bateil be'Rov).

2. ... the case of 'Itluza shel Aza' - inasmuch as Rebbi Chanina permitted 'Lifnei Eidehen', which is only a weak Chashash de'Rabbanan, but not on the festival itself (where the Chashash is much stronger).

3)

(a)The Chachamim in a Beraisa restrict the Isur of entering a town on a festival to where the road leads only into that town and there is no road leading off in any other direction, as we learned in our Mishnah. Rebbi Meir - forbids entering even in all cases both to enter the town and to leave it.

(b)The Beraisa prohibits bending down ...

1. ... in front of an idol to remove a thorn or to pick up some money that fell in front of it.

2. ... to drink from a spring that spouts water in front of an idol.

(c)He permits all of these however - provided he cannot be seen (as will be explained shortly).

(d)And, after teaching the prohibition of bending down to drink from a regular fountain, the Tana adds that it is even forbidden to drink water ...

1. ... from the mouth of a water-fountain in the city that is shaped in the form of a human face. The significance of 'a city' in this case is - purely technical, inasmuch as they are the ones who can afford such elaborate water systems.

2. ... directly from a pipe - because, seeing as he does not see the water that emerges from the pipe, he may endanger his life by swallowing a leech.

4)

(a)When the Beraisa permits the above where he cannot be seen, this cannot be taken literally, because of a statement of Rav Yehudah Amar Rav - who forbids 'Mar'is ha'Ayin' even if one is locked in one's most innermost room.

(b)So we amend the words 've'Im Eino Nir'eh' to - 've'Im Eino Nir'eh ke'Mishtachaveh' (meaning that it does not look as if he is bowing down to the image, because he is facing in a different direction).

5)

(a)In spite of having presented the prohibition in the case of ...

1. ... removing a thorn (where he is able to move away and remove it in another location), the Tana found it necessary to add that of picking up money that fell - where he is not, and which we might therefore have permitted).

2. ... picking up money that fell (which after all, is only money), the Tana nevertheless found it necessary to add that of removing a thorn - which involves physical pain (and which we might therefore have permitted).

(b)The Tana saw fit to still add the case of ...

1. ... drinking water from a fountain - which might even involve life-danger (yet still Chazal did not permit it).

2. ... drinking water from the water-fountain - because he wanted to add that of drinking directly from a pipe, which is Asur for reasons of Sakanas Nefashos (life-danger), even where there is no Avodah-Zarah involved.

(c)He could not have taught us the same thing following the prohibition of drinking from a fountain - because there, he did not mention the fact that one drank directly from the water, like he did in the case of the drinking-fountain.

6)

(a)The Beraisa - prohibits drinking from rivers and pools, either directly with one's mouth or using one's hand, and that someone who does, is inviting trouble.

(b)Drinking using two hands - is permitted, because the drinker can see what is in his hands (whereas someone who drinks using one hand, tends to splash the water directly into his mouth without being able to examine what he is drinking).

(c)This Beraisa lends support to Rebbi Chanina who ...

1. ... permits heating water on Shabbos on behalf of someone who swallowed a water-leech.

2. ... actually permitted it (though some accredit it to Rebbi Nechemyah) when such a case came before him.

(d)Rav Huna b'rei de'Rav Yehoshua suggested that until the water boils - one should administer vinegar to the patient.

7)

(a)Rav Idi bar Avin advises administering - strong vinegar to someone who swallows a live hornet.

(b)And he gives this advice, in spite of the fact that he himself maintains that he cannot live - because the vinegar might delay his death, affording him the opportunity of leaving a last will and testament.

8)

(a)The Beraisa strictly forbids drinking water at night-time ...

(b)... because of the fear of 'Shavriri' - a demon in charge of blindness.

(c)The Tana leaves someone who is thirsty during the night with two options. One applies to where he has a friend sleeping with him. After waking him up - he simply informs him that he is thirsty (see following answer).

(d)Otherwise, he can bang the barrel of water with the lid - giving the impression that there is someone with him (in which case the demon will probably leave him alone).

(e)He then says to himself 'P'lanya bar Palnisa (stating his own name), your mother told you to beware of Shavriri ... ', concluding this incantation with - 'B'riri, Riri, Y'ri, Ri in white cups'.

9)

(a)Our Mishnah cites a ruling with regard to buying from stores in a town where, on market-day in honor of their gods, some stores are decorated (with the wares that they sell) and others are not. When precisely such a case came before the Rabbanan in Beis Sha'an, they ruled that - it was permitted to buy from stores that were not decorated, but forbidden to buy from those that were ...

(b)... because the priests would claim a tax on behalf of the Avodah-Zarah from the stores that were adorned,.

(c)Buying from them is not prohibited in any event (even the storekeepers whose stores are decorated), since selling to them is only forbidden in case one sells them an animal which they will promptly sacrifice to their gods - because it is the purchaser who is happy (and who will go and thank his god); whereas the seller of something that lasts (see Maharsha and Ran on the Rif), is sad.

10)

(a)Resh Lakish confines the Mishnah's prohibition to a store that is decorated with roses and myrtle, but permits one that is decorated with fruit - because, in his opinion, it is only benefiting from Avodah-Zarah (such as from the smell) that is forbidden, but there is no such prohibition as benefiting Avodah-Zarah.

(b)He learns this from the Pasuk in Re'ei "ve'Lo Yidbak be'Yadcha" Me'umah ... ".

(c)Rebbi Yochanan - includes stores that are decorated with fruit in the prohibition ...

(d)... because, he says - if it is forbidden to derive any benefit from Avodah-Zarah, then how much more so to benefit it!