(Mishnah): There are three regions for chazakah - Yehudah, the Transjordan and the Galil.

If the owner was in Yehudah and someone occupied his property in the Galil or vice-versa, it is not considered a chazakah until they are in the same region.

R. Yehudah: They said three years, in order to give enough time, that if the owner is in Ispamiya (a distant land) and the 'new owner' would occupy it for one year, they could go and inform the owner of this in the second year and he could come in the third year (to protest). (But beyond this amount of time, it is clear that he is not coming to protest, indicating that the one who is occupying the land is the new owner.)

(Gemara) - Rav: They Mishnah was taught about a time of conflicts, (when there is no travel between one region and the next.)(Note: The next phrase is moved elsewhere by the Pnei Moshe.)

Rav: There is no chazakah against a person who is fleeing or a person who has travelled from country to country.

Shmuel: There is a chazakah in both of these cases.

Rav Nachman bar Rav Yitzchak: There is pasuk that supports Shmuel - (Melachim II 8:6), "And the king gave her a minister etc.'' (The Shunamis woman had moved to the land of the Philistines for 7 years. She returned to find that her house and field were taken by others. When she complained to the king, he sent a minister to ensure that she would be returned all of the produce of the last 7 years. There is no mention, however, of returning the land itself, which supports Shmuel.)

R. Elazar: Even for two districts (of the same city) such as Shlomi and Neviro on either side of the Yarden river (one situated in the Galil and the other in the Transjordan, with a bridge between them), if a person stands there and sees someone taking possession of his field, it is not considered a chazakah unless he is together with him in the same city and the same country.

Rav: The main way of creating a chazakah is bringing in the produce from the field.

Question: Does Rav not agree that seeing him weeding and hoeing would also be needed to create a chazakah?

Yes, he would agree...

So what did Rav mean? That if he was seen ploughing, reaping, gathering, threshing and selecting, but did not see him bringing in the produce, it is not a chazakah.

Similarly, Rav said that the main aspect of the chalitzah ceremony is untying the straps of his shoe.

Question: Did R. Ba not say in the name of Rav Yehudah and R. Zerika in the name of Rav, that the Chachamim said that if she removed his shoe without spitting or she spat without removing, it is an invalid chalitzah unless she does both?

Answer: Yes, Rav agrees that she must remove it and spit...

Rav was saying that the main aspect of removing the shoe is untying, even without it falling off his foot.