Mishnah 1
1)
(a)What are the ramifications of a Mum on a human-being?
(b)In which way are the Mumin that occur on a B'chor Beheimah more stringent when they occur on a human-being?
(c)If 'Kilon' (the first item on the Mishnah's list of defects that are considered Mumin on a human-being but not on an animal) is a person with a head that is narrower on top and wider at the bottom, what is a 'Lafton' (the second item)?
(d)The former is so-called because it is of similar shape to the lid of a saucepan ('Achla'), why is the latter called a Laftan?
1)
(a)The ramifications of a Mum on a human-being - concern a Kohen, who is not permitted to perform the Avodah if he has a Mum.
(b)The Mumin that occur on a B'chor Beheimah are more stringent when they occur on a Kohen (See Tosfos Yom-Tov DH 'Yoser aleihen ha'Adam') in that - they are considered Mumin even if they are only temporary (See Tosfos Yom Tov).
(c)'Kilon' (the first item on the Mishnah's list of defects that are considered Mumin on a human-being but not on an animal) is a person with a head that is narrower on top and wider at the bottom, 'Lafton' (the second item) is - where the head is wider on top and narrower at the bottom.
(d)The former is so-called because it is of similar shape to the lid of a saucepan ('Achla'), the latter - because it has the shape of a Lefes (a turnip).
2)
(a)The next three items on the Tana's list are ha'Makvan, she'Rosho Shakut and Sh'kifas. What is the definition of 'Makvan' (which stems from the root of 'Makeves' [a hammer])?
(b)Some explain 'Rosho Shakut' to mean that his head protrudes and sticks out in the area of the face; others explain Rosho Shakut and Sh'kifas as being similar. What is then the definition of ...
1. ... 'Rosho Shakut'?
2. ... 'Sh'kifas'?
(c)Why is the latter called by that name? What is the acronym of 'Sh'kifas'?
(d)What is the definition of 'Tzav'aro Shaku'a' (which the Tosefta adds and which is actually the text in the Mishnah)?
2)
(a)The next three items on the Tana's list are ha'Makvan, she'Rosho Shakut and Sh'kifas. The definition of 'Makvan' (which stems from the root of 'Makeves' [a hammer]) is - that the forehead protrudes in front and the back of the head at the back.
(b)Some explain 'Rosho Shakut' to mean that his head protrudes and sticks out in the area of the face; others explain Rosho Shakut and Sh'kifas as being similar, in which case ...
1. ... 'Rosho Shakut' means that - his face does not protrude at all, and ...
2. ... 'Sh'kifas' - that the back of his head does not protrude at all.
(c)The latter is called by that name - because of its acronym 'Shakul Pisa', which means a piece is missing.
(d)The definition of 'Tzav'aro Shaku'a' (which the Tosefta adds and which is actually the text in the Mishnah) is that - his neck is sunken into his body (See also Tosfos Yom Tov DH 've'she'Rosho Shaku'a').
3)
(a)The last item listed in this Mishnah is a hunchback, which the Chachamim declare Pasul. What does Rebbi Yehudah say?
(b)On what condition does he concede that a hunchback is Pasul?
(c)If Rebbi Yehudah explains that a hunchback without a bone is merely a piece of excessive flesh, on what grounds do the Chachamim, based on the Pasuk in Emor "Kol Ish asher bo Mum mi'Zera Aharon" declare it a Mum?
3)
(a)The last item listed in this Mishnah is a hunchback, which the Chachamim declare Pasul. Rebbi Yehudah rules that he is - Kasher,.
(b)He concedes that a hunchback is Pasul - if the hunch contains a bone.
(c)Rebbi Yehudah explains that a hunchback without a bone is merely a piece of excessive flesh; the Chachamim declare it a Mum based on the Pasuk in Emor "Kol Ish asher bo Mum mi'Zera Aharon" - which teaches us that if the Kohen is different than his fellow-Kohanim, he is Pasul (See Tosfos Yom Tov DH 'Yoser aleihen ba'Adam').
Mishnah 2
4)
(a)The Tana's list continues with a Kohen who is bald. What is the definition of 'bald'?
(b)Whereabouts must the row of hair be situated?
(c)If it is situated at the front of the head, it is nevertheless a Mum. What if it encircles the head?
4)
(a)The Tana's list continues with a Kohen who is 'bald' - (if a row of hair is not growing from ear to ear ...
(b)... at the back of his head.
(c)If it is situated at the front of the head and even if it encircles the head - it is nevertheless a Mum.
5)
(a)The Torah includes 'Gibein' in its list of Mumin, which the Tana Kama defines as that one has no eye-brows. What if h he has only one eye-brow?
(b)How does Rebbi Dosa define 'Gibein'?
(c)According to Rebbi Chanina ben Gamliel, it is someone who has two backs. What does he really mean by that?
(d)Why can he not mean it literally?
(e)What do each of these Tana'im hold of the other opinions?
5)
(a)The Torah includes 'Gibein' in its list of Mumin, which the Tana Kama defines as no eye-brows at all - or only one eye-brow.
(b)Rebbi Dosa defines 'Gibein' as - someone whose eye-brows lie over his eyes.
(c)According to Rebbi Chanina ben Gamliel, it is 'Someone who has two backs', by which he really means - that his spinal cord is bent and that it looks as if he has two or more backs.
(d)He cannot mean it literally - since a person with two backs cannot survive.
(e)Each of these Tana'im hold of the other opinions Halachically - only he maintains that his interpretation of 'Gibein' is the correct one.
Mishnah 3
6)
(a)The first of a number of Mumin in a Kohen's eye listed in this Mishnah is Charum. What is 'Charum', based on the Tana's own definition?
(b)The Tana lists 'two eyes above' as a Mum. Where are they situated?
(c)What if ...
1. ... both eyes are below?
2. ... one eye is higher than its natural location or the other one lower?
(d)Also included is a Kohen who squints (he sees the attic with one eye and the room with the other). Where are his eyes situated?
(e)What if he speaks to Reuven but looks as if he is speaking to Shimon?
6)
(a)The first of a number of Mumin in a Kohen's eye listed in this Mishnah is 'Charum' - a sunken nose (leaving no bridge, thereby enabling both eyes to be painted with one stroke [See Tosfos Yom Tov]).
(b)The Tana lists 'two eyes above' - (situated on top of the forehead [See Tosfos Yom Tov]) as a Mum.
(c)The same applies if ...
1. ... both eyes are below their regular location, or even where ...
2. ... one eye is higher that its natural location or the other one lower.
(d)Also included is where the Kohen squints (where he sees the attic and the room simultaneously) - even if both eyes are situated in their regular location, or ...
(e)... if he speaks to Reuven but looks as if he is speaking to Shimon.
7)
(a)Next on the Tana's list are Sachei Shemesh, Zugdus and Tziran. What is 'Sachei Sheshesh'?
(b)Bearing in mind that both 'Zug' and 'Dus' mean 'a pair' (the latter in Latin), what does 'Zugdus' mean?
(c)Is 'Zugdus' confined to the eyes?
(d)And what is the meaning of 'Tziran'?
7)
(a)Next on the Tana's list are 'Sachei Shemesh' - a Kohen who is forced to close his eyes whenever he is in the vicinity of a sun (See Tiferes Yisrael), Zugdus and Tziran.
(b)Bearing in mind that both 'Zug' and 'Dus' mean 'a pair' (the latter in Latin), 'Zugdus' means - where the pair of eyes do not match (in color or where one has more eye-brow than the other).
(c)Zugdus - also applies to any other pair of limbs that do not match.
(d)'Tziran' is - eyes that continually run.
8)
(a)On what grounds does the Mishnah consider eye-lashes that have fallen out a Mum?
(b)What if one has an excessively thick set of eye-lashes?
(c)On what condition is eye-lashes that have fallen out considered a real Mum?
(d)If a Kohen with a Mum that is equivalent to that of an animal performs the Avodah, he receives Malkos and invalidates the Avodah. What is the Din of a Kohen who performs the Avodah who has a Mum that is ...
1. ... only on account of Mar'is ha'Ayin?
2. ... not equivalent to that of an animal?
8)
(a)The Mishnah considers eye-lashes that have fallen out a Mum - because of 'Mar'is ha'Ayin' (the Kohen looks different than everybody else).
(b)The same applies to - someone who has an excessively thick set of eye-lashes (See Tosfos Yom Tov).
(c)Eye-lashes that have fallen out is considered a real Mum - if not even a mark of hair at all remains.
(d)If a Kohen with a Mum that is equivalent to that of an animal performs the Avodah, he receives Malkos and invalidates the Avodah. If he has a Mum that is ...
1. ... only on account of Mar'is ha'Ayin - then he neither receives Malkos, nor does he invalidate the Avodah, whereas if has one of the above Mum that is ...
2. ... not equivalent to that of an animal - he receives Malkos (See Tosfos Yom Tov) but the Avodah is Kasher.
Mishnah 4
9)
(a)For eyes of a human-being to be the wrong size, how ...
1. ... large must they be?
2. ... small must they be?
(b)What does the Mishnah say about a Kohen whose body is larger than his limbs (arms and legs) or vice-versa?
(c)What is the normal size of a nose?
(d)What will the Din therefore be if a Kohen's nose is longer or shorter than that?
9)
(a)For eyes of a human-being to be the wrong size, they must be ...
1. ... either as large - as those of a calf or ...
2. ... as small - as those of a goose (See Tosfos Yom Tov).
(b)The Mishnah includes a Kohen whose body is larger than his limbs (arms and legs) or vice-versa - among the Ba'alei-Mumin.
(c)The normal size of a nose is - the length of one's pinky.
(d)Consequently - a Kohen whose nose is longer or shorter than that - is a Ba'al-Mum.
10)
(a)In connection with the ears of a human-being, the Tana defines Tzimem and Tzime'a as a Mum. It describes 'Tzimem' as 'like a sponge'. What does he mean by that?
(b)And what is 'Tzime'a
10)
(a)In connection with the ears of a human-being, the Tana defines Tzimem and Tzime'a as a Mum. It describes 'Tzimem' as 'like a sponge', by which he means - that they are squashed together and closed.
(b)And 'Tzime'a' - is where one's ears are smaller than normal (See also Tosfos Yom Tov DH 'she'Oznav Ketanos').
Mishnah 5
11)
(a)The Mishnah continues the list with a Kohen whose upper lip protrudes beyond the lower lip. What about where the lower lip protrudes beyond the upper one?
(b)To which category of Mum does the Tana ascribe no teeth?
(c)Next on the list is a Kohen with large breasts like those of a woman. On what condition does he consider a Kohen's ...
1. ... stomach a Mum?
2. ... Navel a Mum?
(d)How often must a Kohen have an epileptic fit to be considered a Ba'al-Mum?
11)
(a)The Mishnah continues the list with a Kohen whose upper lip protrudes beyond the lower lip (See Tosfos Yom Tov) - or vice versa.
(b)The Tana ascribes no teeth to the category - of Mar'is ha'Ayin.
(c)Next on the list is a Kohen with large breasts like those of a woman. He considers a Kohen's ...
1. ... stomach a Mum if it bulges, and his ...
2. ... Navel - if it protrudes from his body (See Tosfos Yom Yom Tov).
(d)A Kohen is considered a Ba'al-Mum, if he has an epileptic fit - even if it only once in a while.
12)
(a)The Mishnah includes a Kohen who suffers from paralyses from time to time (See Tosfos Yom Tov), a Me'ushkav and a Ba'al Gever. What causes the former?
(b)What is ...
1. ... a 'Me'ushkav'?
2. ... a 'Ba'al Gever'?
(c)And what does the Tana say about a Kohen who has only one Beitzah (See Tiferes Yisrael)?
(d)With which Mum in the Torah does the Tana equate this?
12)
(a)The Mishnah includes a Kohen who suffers from paralyses from time to time (See Tosfos Yom Tov), a Me'ushkav and a Ba'al Gever. The former is caused - by depression.
(b)A ...
1. ... 'Me'ushkav' - is someone whose Beitzim hang down to his knees, and a ...
2. ... 'Ba'al Gever' - someone whose male organ hangs down to his knees.
(c)The Tana also declares a Kohen who has only one Beitzah - a Ba'al-Mum (See Tiferes Yisrael).
(d)The Tana equates this with - "Mero'ach Ashech".
13)
(a)Rebbi Yishmael defines "Mero'ach Ashech" as 'Nimr'shu Ashachav". What does 'Nimr'chu Ashachav' mean?
(b)How does Rebbi Akiva define it?
(c)Rebbi Chanina ben Antignos Darshens the acronym of "Mero'ach Ashech" as 'Mar'av Chashuch'. What does that mean?
(d)What does each Tana hold concerning the other definitions of "Mero'ach Ashech"?
13)
(a)Rebbi Yishmael defines "Mero'ach Ashech" as 'Nimr'shu Ashachav" - whose Beitzim have shrunk (See Tosfos Yom Tov & Tiferes Yisrael).
(b)Rebbi Akiva defines it as - Beitzim that are swollen to air that has entered them (See Tosfos Yom Tov).
(c)Rebbi Chanina ben Antignos Darshens the acronym of "Mero'ach Ashech" as 'Mar'av Chashuch' (See Tosfos Yom Tov), which means - that he is exceptionally dark-skinned.
(d)Each Tana - concedes that the other opinions are correct (and they are only arguing over the basic definition of "Mero'ach Ashech").
Mishnah 6
14)
(a)What does the Mishnah say about a Kohen ...
1. ... whose ankles knock together?
2. ... who is knock-kneed?
(b)Next on the Tana's list are a Ba'al Pikah and an Ikeil. Bearing in mind the previous case, what is an 'Ikeil'?
(c)If Pikah is a lump (or the round knob of a spindle), what is a Ba'al Pikah? Whereabouts does the lump grow?
14)
(a)The Mishnah declares a Kohen ...
1. ... whose ankles knock together or ...
2. ... who is knock-kneed - a Ba'al-Mum (See Tosfos om Tov).
(b)Next on the Tana's list are a Ba'al Pikah and an Ikeil. Bearing in mind the previous case, an 'Ikeil' is - someone who is bandy-legged.
(c)Pikah being a lump (or the round knob of a spindle), a Ba'al Pikah is - someone who has a lump growing on his thumb or on his big toe (See also Tosfos Yom Tov DH 'Eizehu Ikeil').
15)
(a)What does the Tana now define as a Mum in connection with ...
1. ... the heel?
2. ... the sole?
3. ... the toes?
(b)On what condition is fingers or toes that are stuck together considered a Mum?
(c)What if the Kohen cuts them apart?
15)
(a)The Tana now define as a Mum ...
1. ... a heel - that protrudes behind the foot - the ankle goes into the middle of the foot and not into the back of it).
2. ... a sole - that is round like that of a goose (See Tosfos Yom Tov).
3. ... toes - that overlap each other.
(b)Fingers or toes that are stuck together is not considered a Mum - if they are joined beyond the middle joint right to the end.
(c)If the Kohen cuts them apart - he is Kasher.
16)
(a)On what condition is a Kohen with a sixth finger or toe considered a Ba'al-Mum even if he cuts it away?
(b)Why is that?
(c)Rebbi Yehudah does not consider six fingers or toes on each hand or foot a Mum. What do the Chachamim say?
(d)What if the Kohen has six fingers or toes on only one of his hands or feet, but five on the other?
16)
(a)A Kohen with a sixth finger or toe is considered a Ba'al-Mum even if he cuts it away - if it grew together with a bone ...
(b)... because then the cut itself is a Mum.
(c)Rebbi Yehudah does not consider six fingers or toes on each hand or foot a Mum. The Chachamim say - it is (See Tosfos Yom Tov).
(d)If the Kohen has six fingers or toes on only one of his hands or feet, but five on the other - then even Rebbi Yehudah concedes that it is a Mum.
17)
(a)What does Rebbi say about a Kohen who is ambidextrous?
(b)The Chachamim consider him Kasher. What is the basis of their Machlokes?
(c)What do the following have in common: a Kohen whose skin is black, red or very white (an albino)?
(d)The same applies to a Kohen who is a Kipe'ach or a Nannes. What is ...
1. ... a Kipe'ach?
2. ... a Nannes?
17)
(a)Rebbi - declares a Kohen who is ambidextrous a Ba'al-Mum.
(b)The Chachamim consider him Kasher. The basis of their Machlokes is - whether it is the right hand which is weak (Rebbi) or the left hand which is strong (the Chachamim).
(c)A Kohen whose skin is black (See Tosfos Yom Tov), red or very white (an albino [See Tosfos Yom Tov DH 'ha'Kushi, ve'ha'Gichor ve'ha'Lavan']) - is a Ba'al-Mum (though an animal in a similar state is not).
(d)The same applies to a Kohen who is a ...
1. ... a 'Kipe'ach' - tall and lanky and to ...
2. ... a 'Nannes' - a dwarf.
18)
(a)The Tana Kama's list ends with Cheresh, Shoteh, Shikor and a Kohen who is stricken with Nega'im Tehorim (a species of Tzara'as that is Tahor). What does 'Shikor' in this context, refer to?
(b)Why is that? In what way is a Shikor from drinking wine different than the current cases?
(c)On what basis do the current cases not invalidate the Avodah?
(d)What is an example of Nega'im Tehorim?
(e)Why does the Mishnah not incorporate 'Nega'im Teme'im'?
18)
(a)The Tana Kama's list ends with Cheresh, Shoteh, Shikor and a Kohen who is stricken with Nega'im Tehorim (a species of Tzara'as that is Tahor). 'Shikor' in this context, refers to - a Kohen who is intoxicated from drinking excessive amounts of milk, mead, or the juice of sweet figs, or from anything else other than wine ...
(b)... because Shikor from wine - will also invalidate the Avodah, which the current cases do not ...
(c)... since they do not apply to animals (as we learned earlier).
(d)Examples of Nega'im Tehorim are - a Bohak and where the entire surface of the skin is covered with Tzara'as.
(e)The Mishnah does not incorporate 'Nega'im Teme'im' - because, seeing as the Kohen is not even permitted to enter the Azarah, it is obvious that he cannot perform the Avodah.
19)
(a)What does Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel say about a Beheimah Shotah?
(b)And what does Rebbi Eliezer (or Rebbi Eliezer ben Ya'akov) say about Dildulei Basar that grow from a person or from an animal?
(c)Like whom is the Halachah?
19)
(a)Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says that a Beheimah Shotah - is not a choice animal to bring as a Korban.
(b)And Rebbi Eliezer (or Rebbi Eliezer ben Ya'akov) declares - that Dildulei Basar that grow from a person are considered a Mum, but not those that grow from an animal.
(c)The Halachah is - like Rebbi Eliezer (ben Ya'akov [See Tosfos Yom Tov]).
Mishnah 7
20)
(a)The first three cases on the Tana's final list of Pesulim are Oso ve'es B'no, T'reifah and Yotzei Dofen (born by caesarian section). What does he say about them?
(b)How does the Heter of 'Oso ve'es B'no' apply to a Kohen?
(c)The last two items on the list are where a sin was performed with the animal and an animal that killed a human-being (See Tosfos Yom Tov & the Beis Sha'ul). Which sin did it perform?
20)
(a)The first three cases on the Tana's final list of Pesulim are Oso ve'es B'no, T'reifah and Yotzei Dofen (born by caesarian section) - which, he says, are Kasher by a Kohen but Pasul by an animal.
(b)The Heter of 'Oso ve'es B'no' applies to a Kohen in that - the son of a Kohen is allowed to serve in the Beis-ha'Mikdash on the same day as his father (See Tosfos Yom Tov DH 'Oso ve'es B'no'.
(c)The last two items on the list are where a sin was performed with the animal - it had relations with a human being and an animal that killed a human-being (See Tosfos Yom Tov & Beis Sha'ul).
21)
(a)The Mishnah now discusses a Kohen who is married to a woman who is forbidden to him or who is in the habit of rendering himself Tamei Meis. What sort of forbidden woman is the Tana referring to?
(b)At which point does the former become permitted to perform the Avodah once again?
(c)What sort of Neder must he make in order to be reinstated?
(d)Why are we not afraid that he will go to a Chacham and ask for the Neder to be annulled in order to perform a Mitzvah?
21)
(a)The Mishnah now discusses a Kohen who is married to a woman who is forbidden to him - because she is a P'sul Kehunah (a Gerushah, Chalutzah or a Zonah) or who is in the habit of rendering himself Tamei Meis.
(b)The former become permitted to perform the Avodah once again - from the time that he makes a Neder that he and she will not have Hana'ah from each other until he divorces her.
(c)In order to be reinstated, he must make a Neder - al Da'as Rabim, that can only be annulled for a D'var Mitzvah (See Tosfos Yom Tov).
(d)We are not afraid that he will go to a Chacham and ask for the Neder to be annulled in order to perform a Mitzvah - since one is obligated to explain to the Chacham why one wants to have the Neder annulled, and when the Chacham hears that his wife is a Gerushah, he will refuse to annul it.
22)
(a)On what condition is a Kohen who is in the habit of rendering himself Tamei Meis permitted to perform the Avodah once again?
(b)Why is a plain undertaking sufficient? Why is he too, like the Kohen who is married to a forbidden woman, not obligated to make a Neder?
22)
(a)A Kohen who is in the habit of rendering himself Tamei Meis is permitted to perform the Avodah once again - from the time that he undertakes not to do it again.
(b)A plain undertaking is sufficient - without the need to make a Neder (like the Kohen who is married to a forbidden woman), because the Yeitzer ha'Ra regarding Tum'ah is not as strong as the Yeitzer ha'Ra regarding women.
