1)

(a)We just proved that the Mishnah in Kesuvos ('Nisarmelah O Nisgarshah, Bein min ha'Eirusin u'Vein min ha'Nisu'in, Govah es ha'Kol') must be speaking when the man wrote his betrothed a Kesuvah (even if an Almanah min ha'Eirusin is not normally entitled to one). In the Beraisa quoted by Rebbi Chiya bar Ami, a man neither practices Aninus ('Lo Onen Lah') nor does he render himself Tamei for his betrothed who died, nor does the betrothed woman for him. The ramifications of 'Lo Onen Lah' are that he is not permitted to eat Kodshim.

(b)'Hi Lo Onenes Lo' on the other hand is only an exemption from the obligation to bury any of the seven relatives.

(c)The reason for the difference is because a Kohenes is not included in the prohibition of Tum'as Kohen.

(d)He does not inherit her because we learn that a man inherits his wife from the Pasuk in Pinchas "Ki im li'She'eiro", and a betrothed woman is not called 'She'er'.

2)

(a)There is no proof from the final statement of the Beraisa 'Meis Hu, Govah Kesuvasah' that an Arusah is entitled to a Kesuvah because here too, the Tana might well be speaking when her betrothed wrote her a Kesuvah.

(b)There is no Chidush in this statement. However, the Tana nevertheless inserted it, to balance the previous one 'Meisah Einah Yorshah', which does contain a Chidush (as we just explained).

(c)Abaye ultimately agrees that an Arusah is not entitled to a Kesubah (as we shall now explain).

3)

(a)Abaye retracts from his objection against Rebbi Yochanan (that in a place where one writes a Kesubah, the husband is not believed to say 'Para'ti', whereas the Mishnah in Kesuvos is speaking in a place where the Minhag is not to), on the grounds that if, on principle, the husband would be believed to say 'Para'ti', then he ought to be believed even if his wife produces a Get, seeing as Manah or Masayim are not written in the Get anyway.

(b)Even though the husband paid, he did not take back the Kesuvah and tear it up because his wife claimed that she needed it as proof of divorce, should she decide to get married.

(c)And the reason that Beis-Din did not make a tear in the Kesuvah and write on it that they did not tear it because it was Pasul, but to prevent the woman from claiming a second time is simply because the husband is under no obligation to pay in front of Beis-Din (and what can they do if he pays not in their presence?)

4)

(a)We have already quoted our Mishnah which discusses someone who finds Gitei Nashim, Shichrurei Avadim, Daytiki, Matanah and Shovrin. The Tana rules 'Harei Zeh Lo Yachzir' because we are afraid that they were written with the intention of handing them over to the respective creditors, but that for some reason, this was not done.

(b)In the event that the respective debtors admit that they have not paid the finder is obligated to return the Sh'taros.

(c)The Beraisa states that if a Shali'ach loses the Get which he is bringing from a man to his wife and which he finds again the Get is Kasher, provided he finds it straightway (within the time it would take for a caravan to stop and set up camp). Otherwise not.

(d)The Beraisa now clashes with our Mishnah which permits the return of the Get even after a long time, according to Rabah, as we shall see.

5)

(a)To resolve the discrepancy between our Mishnah and the Beraisa, Rabah establishes the latter in a place where many caravans stop, and our Mishnah in a place where they do not. The difference whether caravans stop there or not is that if they do, then we have to suspect that maybe one of the travelers lost the Get, and that both his name and that of his wife tallied with the names on the Get.

(b)In addition we also require that another Yosef ben Shimon is known to live in the same town.

(c)We are forced to say this because Rabah requires both conditions, as we shall now see.

6)

(a)When they found a Get in the vicinity of his Beis-Din, which was written in Sh'viri on the River Rachis, Rav Huna ordered the finder not to return it in case there was another Sh'viri on the River Rachis.

(b)Otherwise, there would have been good reason to return the Sh'tar because the names of the man who claimed the Get and his wife tallied with the names on the Sh'tar, and in addition, Beis-Din knew that there was nobody else in Sh'viri with those names.

(c)Rav Chisda warned Rabah to look into the matter, because on the following day, Rav Huna would ask him for his opinion.

7)

(a)Following Rav Chisda's warning, Rabah concluded (based on the following Mishnah 'Kol Ma'aseh Beis-Din ... )' that as long as we know that there are not two Yosef ben Shimons in that town, we return the Sh'tar, even though the Sh'tar was found in a place where caravans stop (as we shall see shortly).

(b)We extrapolate from here that we return the Sh'tar (in those circumstaces), even though it was found in a place where caravans stop (as we shall see shortly [not like Rav Huna]).

(c)And he ruled accordingly too, because he returned a Get that was found by the flax-house in Pumbedisa, though we are uncertain whether it was beside the place where they sold flax (which is a place where caravans stop), in which case they must have known that there were not two Yosef ben Shimons in that town, or where they soaked it (a place where caravans did not stop), in which case, it could even be speaking where it was not known whether there were two Yosef ben Shimons in that town or not.

8)

(a)Rebbi Zeira asked on the Mishnah (that we quoted earlier) which distinguishes between a Shali'ach who finds the Get immediately, and one who finds it after a while, from the Beraisa 'Matza Get Ishah be'Shuk, bi'Z'man she'ha'Ba'al Modeh Yachzir la'Ishah ... ' (implying even after a long time). To resolve this discrepancy, Rebbi Zeira established the Beraisa in a place where caravans stop, and our Mishnah, in a place where they don't.

(b)We would establish the Beraisa ...

1. ... further to reconcile Rebbi Zeira like Rabah when they also knew that there were two Yosef ben Shimons in that town.

2. ... assuming Rebbi Zeira argues with Rabah when they did not know.

(c)Rabah obviously prefers to query the Mishnah in Gitin from our Mishnah (rather than from a Beraisa). When a Beraisa clashes with a Mishnah (and cannot be reconciled with it), we say that if Rebbi did not know it, where would Rebbi Chiya (his star disciple) know it from (meaning that he could not have said it)!

(d)Rebbi Zeira chose to ask from the Beraisa rather than from our Mishnah because our Mishnah, he says, gives no indication that they found the Sh'taros after a long time (the basis of Rabah's Kashya in the first place), whereas the Beraisa, which talks about returning the Get to the woman, implies that there is no difference (by virtue of its failure to differentiate).

(e)True, our Mishnah does not differentiate either, but our Mishnah only refers to returning the Sh'tar by inference, in which case, it is not required to go into such detail.

9)

(a)Assuming that Rebbi Zeira argues with Rabah ...

1. ... they argue over a Get that is found in a place where the caravans stop, even though we do not know of two Yosef ben Shimons living in the same town.

2. ... the basis of their dispute the Mishnah 'Kol Ma'aseh Beis-Din Yachzir' which Rabah interprets to mean that the Sh'tar was actually found in the Beis-Din (which is a place where caravans stop). Yet, as long as there not two Yosef ben Shimons in the town where the Get was written, one returns it to the woman. Rebbi Zeira, on the other hand, maintains that there is nothing to suggest that the Sh'tar was found in Beis-Din.

(b)According to Rebbi Yirmiyah, the Mishnah speaks even if the Sh'tar was found inside Beis-Din, yet he is far more stringent than Rabah. He permits the Sh'tar to be returned only if witnesses testify that they did not sign on more than one Sh'tar containing these names.

(c)The Chidush then is that, besides another Yosef ben Shimon, we do not also contend with another pair of witnesses with the same names who also signed on a Get containing the same names.

10)

(a)Rav Ashi establishes the Mishnah where the Sh'tar has a clear Si'man (a Si'man Muvhak) such as a hole beside a certain letter.

(b)If it was a matter of returning a lost article even just a hole [wherever it was] would suffice to return it).

(c)The reason for this is because Rav Ashi is in doubt whether 'Simanim' are 'd'Oraysa, in which case any Si'man will suffice to return even a Get, let alone a lost article; or whether it is de'Rabanan, in which case a regular Si'man will only suffice by Mamon, but not by Gitin (which requires a Si'man Muvhak, which everyone agrees is d'Oraisa).

(d)The Rabbanan are more lenient with regard to Mamon in this regard based on the principle 'Hefker Beis-Din Hefker' which gives the Rabbanan authority to declare a person's property Hefker (which is what they did in the case of a Si'man she'Eino Muvhak, should the article really belong to someone else).