1)

(a)Kisuy ha'Dam applies in Eretz Yisrael and in Chutz la'Aretz, in the time of the Beis-ha'Mikdash and when it is not standing. The Mishnah rules that - the blood of Mukdashin is not subject to Kisuy ha'Dam (See Tosfos Yom Tov).

(b)Despite the fact that the first two rulings are obvious, the Tana sees fit to insert them - on account of the difference between Chulin and Mukdashin.

(c)'Mukdashin' incorporates a Chatas ha'Of and an Olas ha'Of - as well as to an animal or a bird that belongs to Bedek ha'Bayis.

2)

(a)Chayos and birds - are subject to the Mitzvah of Kisuy ha'Dam (but not Beheimos).

(b)Even though the Torah only mentions Chayah, we might have thought that a Beheimah is included too - because when the Torah writes "Chayah", it generally incorporates Beheimah.

(c)It is not included however - since the Torah writes in Re'ei (in connection with a B'chor Ba'al-Mum) "al Ha'Aretz Tishp'chenu ka'Mayim" - implying that a Beheimah, like water, is not subject to Kisuy ha'Dam.

(d)The Mishnah includes a bird that lives in one's domain - in the Din of Kisuy ha'Dam (See Tosfos Yom Tov).

3)

(a)The Mishnah includes a Coy in the list of animals that require Kisuy ha'Dam. Some translate 'Coy' as 'a buffalo'. According to others, it is a cross between a he-goat and a female deer (See Tiferes Yisrael).

(b)One may not Shecht it on Yom-Tov however - since it is a Safek Beheimah, Safek Chayah (and one is not permitted to transgress Yom-Tov by digging earth with which to cover it [in case it is a Beheimah]).

(c)If one transgressed and did Shecht it, one may not cover its blood even if one has prepared earth or ashes in advance - in case people think that it must be a Chayah, and permit its Cheilev to be eaten.

4)

(a)Someone who Shechts a Chayah or a bird ... 1. that turns out to be a T'reifah, 2. to Avodah-Zarah, 3. Chulin in the Azarah, 4. Kodshim outside the Azarah, 5. that is Chayav S'kilah - are all cases of Shechitah she'Einah Re'uyah (a Shechitah that does not permit the animal to be eaten).

(b)According to Rebbi Meir, the blood is subject to Kisuy ha'Dam. The Chachamim rule that - it is not.

(c)The basis of their Machlokes is - whether Shechitah she'Einah Re'uyah Sh'mah is considered a Shechitah (Rebbi Meir) or not (the Chachamim [See Tosfos Yom Tov]).

(d)The Halachah here is - like the Chachamim (See Tosfos Yom Tov).

5)

(a)The Tana rules that if someone mis'Shechts a Chayah or a bird, thereby causing it to become a Neveilah, or is Nocher or Me'aker (all of which we discussed in the previous Perek), he is Patur from Kisuy ha'Dam. The Mishnah certainly goes according to the Chachamim. However, in this case - Rebbi Meir concedes that he is Patur ...

(b)... because it is not a Shechitah at all (as we learned there).

6)

(a)One is Chayav to cover the blood of a Chayah or of a bird that a 'Chashu' (Cheresh, Shoteh ve'Katan) Shechted - provided their Shechitah was supervised ...

(b)... because then their Shechitah is Kasher.

(c)The obligation to cover it then lies - with whoever saw them Shecht.

(d)In a case where nobody saw them Shecht, Rebbi Meir holds that - the blood does not require covering ...

(e)... since the holds that the Shechitah of a 'Chashu' without supervision renders the animal or bird Vaday Neveilah (since most of the acts of a 'Chashu' are destructive).

7)

(a)In the same vein, if a 'Chashu' Shechts a Chayah or a bird under supervision - the Din of 'Oso ve'es B'no' applies.

(b)Here too, in the event that nobody saw them Shecht, Rebbi Meir maintains that 'Oso ve'es B'no does not apply. The Chachamim hold that it does - because according to them, the Shechitah of a 'Chashu' that is not supervised renders the animal or bird Safek Neveilah.

(c)The Chachamim also argue with Rebbi Meir in the Reisha, where they hold that - the Shechitah of a 'Chashu' that is not supervised requires covering.

(d)They did not say so there - because they opted to wait until Rebbi had finished before expressing their opinion.

(e)The Halachah is - like Rebbi Meir (See Tosfos Yom Tov DH 'Patur mi'le'Chasos').

8)

(a)The Tana Kama rules that someone who Shechts one after the other ...

1. ... a hundred Chayos or a hundred birds or ...

2. ... a Chayah and a bird - may cover them all at the end (See Tosfos Yom Tov).

(b)According to Rebbi Yehudah, in the latter case, based on the word "O" (in the Pasuk in Acharei-Mos, in connection with Kisuy ha'Dam "Chayah O Of") - the Shochet should cover the blood of the Chayah first before proceeding with the Shechitah of the bird.

(c)The Tana Kama explain that, were it not for the word "O" - the Shochet would not have had to cover the blood of one of them, only if he Shechted both (See Tosfos Yom Tov).

(d)Rebbi Yehudah concedes however - that the Shochet only has to recite one B'rachah.

(e)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.

9)

(a)If Reuven sees Shimon Shecht a Chayah or a bird and fail to cover the blood - then *he* is obligated to do so (See Tosfos Yom Tov).

(b)We learn this from the Pasuk there "va'Omar li'Venei Yisrael" - which implies that whoever sees the blood uncovered is subject to the Mitzvah of covering it.

(c)The Mishnah finally rules in a case where ...

1. ... the Shochet covered the blood but the wind uncovered it that - the blood is no longer subject to Kisuy (See Tosfos Yom Tov).

2. ... the wind covered the blood that - one is Chayav to cover it ...

(d)... assuming that it somehow became uncovered (See Tosfos Yom Tov).

10)

(a)The Mishnah requires covering blood that is mixed with...

1. ... water - as long as the mixture resembles blood (See Tosfos Yom Tov).

2. ... wine - as long as, if the wine would be water, it would resemble blood, and the same applies where ...

3. ... the blood of a Beheimah or of a Chayah (that comes from a wound), according to the Tana Kama.

(b)Rebbi Yehudah rules in the last case - that, even if the blood of the Shechted animal would not resemble the blood of the other animal, it would be Chayav Kisuy ...

(c)... because he holds that 'Blood does not render blood Bateil' (See Tosfos Yom Tov).

(d)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.

11)

(a)The Mishnah - requires blood that squirted on to a wall or that remains on the Shechitah-knife to be covered.

(b)Rebbi Yehudah qualifies this ruling - by confining it to where there is no other blood to cover (See Tosfos Yom Tov).

12)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses what one may or may not use to cover the blood. One may use dung and sand on condition that - they are soft.

(b)To be eligible for Kisuy ha'Dam, the sand must be soft enough for the potter not to need to grind it.

(c)The Tana concludes this list with 'Sid (lime) Charsis - (ground clay [See Tosfos Yom Tov]), Leveinah (a brick) and Megupah (the lid of a barrel).

(d)One may only use a brick and the lid of a barrel - if they have been ground.

(e)One may - not cover the blood with an overturned receptacle.

13)

(a)Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel rules that - any commodity in which plants will grow may be used for Kisuy ha'Dam, and anything in which they will not, may not.

(b)And the reason that the last four items quoted earlier (Sid, Charsis, Leveinah and Megupah), are eligible, despite the fact that one is not able to plant anything in them is - because before they were manufactured, planting in them was possible.

(c)In spite of the above principle, may one cover the blood with sawdust and with flax-shavings - because the principle is La'av Davka (not exclusive).

(d)Based on the Pasuk in Chukas (in connection with the Parah Adumah) "me'Afar S'reifas ha'Chatas", one is permitted to cover the blood with ashes - since (bearing in mind the fact that the word "me'Afar" is written with an 'Ayin', even though it is referring to the ashes of the Parah), ashes are included in 'earth'.

(e)And, by the same token, based on the Pasuk in Iyov "ve'Afros Zahav lo", one is permitted to cover the blood with gold-dust - since the Pasuk refers to gold-dust as 'Afar'.