Clarification: This refers to the location where the baby lies; but if there is a hole in the urine tract, or if the urinary bladder has been removed, the animal is T'reifah.

Implied Question: Why is this not mentioned anywhere in the Mishnah or the Gemara?

Answer #1: Perhaps it is included in 'Nikvu ha'Dakin' (if the intestines are holed).

Answer #2: Some commentaries however, permit it, claiming that it is synonymous with 'Shalchufis'.

Clarification: That is only if it did not grow ulcers; because if it did, then even if there is something wrong with the ribs, we do not ascribe the fault to the ribs.

Clarification: This pertains to the case where there is something wrong with the ribs, as Rashi explains.

Halachah: The Minhag nowadays however, is to declare T'reifah all Sirchos (adhesions); and one examines them neither via the ribs nor with warm water.

Clarification: This means that the lung is held and well attached to the flesh (between the ribs) - like we learned (above on Daf 30b 'Tzemer Mesubach' (matted wool).

Reason: ... and that explains why the Gemara uses the word 'Mesubach', rather than 'Sarich'.

Ruling: Rav Sar Shalom Ga'on writes in his Teshuvos, that irrespective of whether the lung is Savich and Sarich or not, it is Kasher ...

Reason: ... because the Halachah is not like Ravina, but like Rav Nachman, who says that a lung that is holed and that is stopped up by the wall of the rib-cage is Kasher (period).

Inference: His statement implies that Ravina is not coming to explain the words of Rav Nachman, but that he is presenting his own S'vara.

Proof #1: ... and so it seems, since the Gemara earlier queried Rav Nachman's statement 'If it grows ulcers, we suspect that it is T'reifah' - But how can Rav Nachman say that? Did he not say that a lung that is holed and that is stopped up by the wall of the rib-cage is Kasher?' And the Gemara did not answer "One speaks where it is attached, and the other, where it is not!?"

Proof #2: Moreover, the fact that Rav Yosef queries Ravina and not Rav Nachman indicates that Rav Nachman requires neither 'Savich' not Sarich', and that, since the wall stops it up, the hole does not render it Pasul.

Question: From where does Rabeinu Gershom take it however, that the Halachah is not like Ravina, in spite of the fact that he is the latter opinion?

Answer: Perhaps this is not the Ravina that is mentioned S'tam throughout Shas, who was the colleague of Rav Ashi, who in turn, was born on the day that Rava died; since Rav Yosef (who belonged to the generation before Rava) comes to query his words.

Halachah: It is written in the Halachos of Rabeinu Gershom that a lung that is next to the wall of the rib-cage even if it is in its natural location that the two meet, and it is held and attached to the flesh between two ribs or to the ribs themselves, we examine it by blowing it up together with the ribs, or by scraping away the Basar with the Sircha and blowing it up. If one succeeds in blowing it up, it is Kasher.

Reason: This is because, seeing as the Sircha continues to stop up the hole, it will not come apart any more, since it is situated in its natural location.

Rashi Disagrees: Rashi however, explains that 'Savich be'Bisra' refers to where it is attached to the Basar between the ribs, but not to where it is attached to the ribs themselves.

Alternative Answer: The Gemara could also have answered that it comes to preclude where it came up not in its location (where the lungs and the ribs grow together).

Implied Question: And when the Gemara said earlier that we suspect that it is T'reifah ...

Answer: ... that speaks in a case where it is stuck to the ribs, where it is evident that the Sircha came on account of a hole.

Refuted Reason: Not because he accepted their Kashya, as Rashi explains ...

Refutation: ... seeing as above (in 47b), we answered that we only need it according to Rebbi Shimon (and we could answer the same here) ...

Right Reason: ... but because perhaps, had the lung been in front of them, it might have been found to have a hole.

Implied Question: And even though Rebbi Ami himself asked Ula this Kashya from the Mishnah of 'A lung that has a hole or that is lacking' ...

Answer #1: ... he accepted Ula's answer.

Answer #2: Some Sefarim however, have the text there that it was Rebbi Acha who asked Ula the Kashya (and not Rebbi Ami).

Refuted Reason: Not because the needle entered the lung by holing its way through the esophagus ...

Refutation: ... because if so, why will the Gemara shortly declare it Kasher if the needle is found in a piece of liver?

Right Reason: The reason must therefore be because we are afraid that it entered the lung by way of the Simponos (the bronchi) and holed its way through the lung (see Maharam).

Refuted Explanation: We cannot explain that the needle is partly outside the liver and partly inside, but if it was completely inside, it would be Kasher ...

Refutation (Part 1): ... because what would the Gemara then be asking from the case of a needle that is found in the Beis ha'Kosos (the reticulum) ...

Refutation (Part 2): ... which can only be speaking where the needle is inside the Beis ha'Kosos; ... because if it was in the cavity of the body, how can the Gemara say that on one side (where the needle only holed one of the skins) it is Kasher ...

Refutation (Part 3): ...seeing as it can only have arrived there by holing its way through the Veshet?

Explanation: Therefore, when it says 'If the head of the needle is facing the inside' - it means toward the Simpon of the liver, whereas if the head is facing the outside, and even if the needle is completely inside the liver ... .

Ruling #1: It seems that specifically with regard to the liver that we differentiate between whether the head of the needle is facing inside or outside; but in the lung, it is Kasher either way ...

Reason: ... seeing as it is close to the trachea, and since the Simpon of the lung is spacious and has a large cavity.

Ruling #2: Similarly, if a needle is found in the Kurk'van (the gizzard), the bird is Kasher - because the needle came together with the food - seeing as the Kurk'van is directly connected to the Veshet.