(Mishnah): If a person inadvertently planted Terumah, he may uproot it. If it was intentional, he must leave it. If it had already grown a third (of its full size), whether he had planted it inadvertently or intentionally, he must leave it, In the case of flax, if it was intentional he must uproot it.

Growths from Terumah seeds are obligated in Leket, Shichechah and Pe'ah and poor Yisraelim and Kohanim may collect them, but poor Yisraelim sell theirs to poor Kohanim for the price of Terumah and the money then belongs to them (the Yisraelim).

(R. Tarfon): Only poor Kohanim should collect, lest the poor Yisraelim accidently put some in their mouths.

(R. Akiva to R. Tarfon): If so, only Tahor people should collect.

The growths from Terumah seeds are also obligated in Maaser and Maaser Ani - poor Yisraelim and poor Kohanim both take and the poor Yisraelim sell it to the Kohanim for the price of Terumah and the money then belongs to them.

One who beat the produce (to thresh it without the use of an animal) is praiseworthy. But one who treads (i.e. he threshes with oxen in the regular fashion), what should he do? He should hang baskets on the necks of the animals (to prevent them eating the Terumah) and fill the baskets with the same produce as the Terumah, thereby not muzzling the animal but also not having it eat the Terumah.

(Gemara) Question: The Mishnah taught that if a person inadvertently planted Terumah, he may uproot it. (If it was intentional, he must leave it.) Isn't the opposite more logical?

Answer: If it was intentional, they penalized him that all of his field should be Terumah and he's not permitted to plant Chulin there.

Question (R. Shmuel bar Avdimi): Is a person believed to say that he had planted Terumah intentionally (thereby allowing him to leave it growing)?

Answer: If others knew that he had planted Terumah, he's not believed. If not, (he's believed, because) the mouth that prohibited is the mouth that permitted. (Since he could have remained silent rather than informing us that he had planted Terumah, he is believed.)

Question (R. Binyamin bar Gidel): Are the growths of animal fodder that was Terumah or Terumah of Chutz LaAretz considered Terumah?

Answer: It itself is a decree and we don't make a decree to protect a decree.

Since the Mishnah taught "if it had already grown a third'', he must leave it even if he had planted it intentionally - this shows that the sanctity falls upon it when it is still attached. Also, if one separates Terumah from produce that didn't yet grow a 1/3rd, it's not effective.

Question: The Mishnah taught that in the case of flax, if it was intentional he must uproot it. Why is it different from regular Terumah?

Answer: Since the main benefit of flax is from the stalks, which are Chulin, there was concern that a person might plant the flax for its stalks.

Question (R. Yosi): If a person separated his sheaves as Terumah and they became mixed with sheaves of Leket - is it permitted even for poor Yisraelim to gather (or is prohibited lest they eat from it themselves)? (The Gemara leaves this question unanswered.)

Tosefta: The wife of an Am HaAretz may help the wife of a Chaver grind produce when she is Temeyah (as she will know to be careful from making the Chaver's wife's produce Tamei). But when she thinks she is Tehorah, she shouldn't help, as she will not be careful (because she wrongly assumes herself to be Tehorah).

And according to R. Tarfon of our Mishnah, who said that only poor Kohanim should collect lest the poor Yisraelim accidently put some in their mouths; even when she is Temeyah she shouldn't help, lest she forget and eat from it.

R. Akiva's intent in the Mishnah (above (d)) is that only Kohanim that are Tehorim may eat.

The Mishnah's intent is that (when it taught that the growths from Terumah seeds are also obligated in Maaser and Maaser Ani) it also obligated it in Terumah.

Tosefta: If a Litra of Maaser Rishon onions (that had not had their Terumas Maaser separated) were planted (and a further nine Litra grew), totalling ten Litra, since the original Litra returned to its state of Tevel when he planted it, he must separate Terumos and Ma'asros and he must separate Terumos Maaser from both the Maaser Rishon of the original and the nine new Litra.

If a Litra of Maaser Sheni onions were planted (and a further nine grew), totalling ten Litra, they are obligated in Ma'asros (but the growths may be eaten outside of Yerushalayim since they are not Maaser Sheni) and he must redeem the Maaser Sheni that he planted.