1)

Having presented Hashem's victory over Par'oh and his army (Refer to 15:4:1:1*), what is the Torah discussing now?

1.

Seforno: The Torah is now discussing the destruction of the Egyptians who followed the army 1 as they chased after Yisrael to destroy them. 2


1

Refer also to 14:28:2:3.

2

And for which Pasuk 11 is praising Him (Seforno). Refer also to 15:4:1:1.

2)

What does the Torah mean when it writes "u've'Ru'ach Apecha"?

1.

Rashi: The Torah sometimes speaks about Hashem in human term (a language that we understand) - and when a persson becomes angry, he breaths hot air from his nostrils, 1 which comes out in short spurts. 2

2.

Rashbam: It refers to the powerful east wind that caused the water to pile up. 3

3.

Da'as Zekenim: Normally, breath from the mouth is cold, and from the nose is hot. Here was a double miracle - His [hot] breath from the nose froze the water, and His [cold] breath from the mouth melted the frozen water.

4.

Kol Eliyahu: Just like Hashem 'breathed' into Adam, and this gave him Chochmah, likewise the water received Chochmah 4 - like Targum Onkelos explains.


1

See for example, Tehilim, 18:9, and Iyov, 4:9 (Rashi).

2

Rashi: This explains why the Pasuk always refers to anger with a Lashon "Charon Af" or just "Charah" (which means hot (burning)). See Rashi, who dwells at length on this point.

3

See above, 14:22.

4

Aderes Eliyahu - Par'oh was afraid of the water, which froze, so he would think that he has a secure path to catch Yisrael.

3)

What is the meaning of "Ne'ermu Mayim"?

1.

Rashi #1 (citing Targum Onkelos): It means that, by the command of Hashem 1 the water became wise. 2

2.

Rashi #2, Seforno, Rashbam and Targum Yonasan: It meaans that the water piled up into a heap. 3

3.

Hadar Zekenim: It means that the water was able to sing Shirah.


1

Refer to 15:8:2:4*.

2

To pile up, thereby creating a path for Yisrael to pass through and to subsequently drown the Egyptians (See Sifsei Chachamim). See also Peirush Yonasan.

3

To conform to the next words "Nitz'vu K'mo Neid Nozlim" (Rashi).

4)

What are the connotations of "Kaf'u Tehomos be'Lev Yam"?

1.

Rashi, Rashbam and Seforno: The sea-bed congealed. 1 It became hard like stone, and the water proceeded to hurl the Egyptians on to it (Rashi), 2 or to enable Yisrael to cross without difficulty (Seforno).

2.

Rosh (14:26): Just like a person's heart is a third (below the top of his height), also the heart of the sea. The top third split, and below that congealed. 3 Da'as Zekenim adds, had all the water split down to the Tehom (the sea floor), B'nei Yisrael would not have been able to come up. 4


1

Like cheese - See Iyov 10:10 (Rashi and Rashbam).

2

Refer also to 15:4:3:1.

3

Rosh: Parshas Tzitzis was written about Yetzi'as Mitzrayim (it is mentioned at the end; also refer to 14:5:154:1,2), therefore Chazal said (Menachos 39a) to make the threads a third windings, and the rest straight.

4

Because the slope is too steep (PF).

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