If I understood the question correctly, you are referring to the Gemara (Sanhedrin 37a) which says that the law of Arba Misos still exists to this day and whoever was liable for a certain death penalty will receive it in a similar way. You want to know if the same rule applies to other punishments, such as lashes and monetary obligations, which cannot be collected by Beis Din due to lack of clear evidence, as well as Kares.

Regarding Kares, it is clear from Chazal that they maintained that it exists even in our time, as they referred (Rosh Hashanah 18a) to the curse on the house of Eli as a real curse and also celebrated when members of his household passed the age at which Kares would take effect (Moed Katan 28a).

Regarding lashes and other punishments of Beis Din, it appears that they are not punished by the heavenly court, although they require Teshuvah and payment of the debt. However, there are other heavenly punishments, such as those which cause the death of children (Shabbos 32b).

Yoel Domb