Mishnah 1
1)
(a)What sort of field can one not declare Hekdesh within two years of the Yovel?
(b)How do we learn this ruling from the Pasuk in Bechukosai (in connection with the evaluation of Hekdesh) "al-Pi ha'Shanim ha'Nosaros"?
(c)At what rate per Kur does one redeem a Sadeh Achuzah from Hekdesh during the first year of Yovel?
(d)What do we learn from the Pasuk there "ve'Nigra me'Erkecha"?
(e)How much per annum does one deduct on each successive year?
1)
(a)One cannot declare Hekdesh within two years of the Yovel - a 'Sadeh Achuzah' (an inherited field).
(b)We learn this ruling from the Pasuk in Bechukosai (in connection with the evaluation of Hekdesh) "al-Pi ha'Shanim ha'Nosaros" - implying that the Din that we are about to discuss only applies if there are at least two years left until the Yovel (because the minimum of plural is two).
(c)One redeems a Sadeh Achuzah from Hekdesh during the first year of Yovel at the rate of - fifty Sela'im/Shekalim per Kur.
(d)We learn from the Pasuk there "ve'Nigra me'Erkecha" that - that amount decreases each year.
(e)One deducts - one Sela and a Pundiyon on each successive year.
2)
(a)How many Pundiyon are there in a Sela?
(b)How much extra does one therefore pay ...
1. ... over the forty-nine year period?
2. ... per annum?
(c)This is possibly due to the little extra that one always pays Hekdesh ('Kalbon li'Perotrot'). How else might we explain it?
2)
(a)There are - forty-eight Pundiyon in a Sela.
(b)One therefore pays ...
1. ... one Pundiyon extra over the forty-nine year period ...
2. ... a forty-ninth of a Pundiyon per annum.
(c)This is possibly due to the little extra that one always pays Hekdesh ('Kalbon li'Perotrot'). Altenatively - it corresponds to the forty-nine Pundiyonim that one would have to pay the banker if one were to purchase a Sela from him.
3)
(a)What minimum time-period after the Yovel does the Mishnah give before one is permitted to redeem the field at the current price?
(b)What does the Tana really mean with this statement (See Tosfos Yom Tov)?
(c)How does he learn it from the Pasuk there "ve'Chishav lo ha'Kohen al-Pi ha'Shanim ha'Noseros"?
3)
(a)The minimum time-period after the Yovel that the Mishnah gives before one is permitted to redeem the field at the current price is - one year.
(b)What the Tana really means with this statement is that - whenever one comes to redeem a field in the middle of the year, he has to pay the full value of a Sela and a Pudiyon per Kur (and not just for the remainder of the year [See Tosfos Yom Tov]).
(c)He learn it from the Pasuk there "ve'Chishav lo ha'Kohen al-Pi ha'Shanim ha'Noseros", which implies - that he can only redeem full years, and not partial ones.
4)
(a)On what condition do we reckon months?
(b)What is the case?
(c)Why is that?
4)
(a)We do reckon months however - if it to Hekdesh's advantage ...
(b)... where the owner declares it Hekdesh in the middle of the forty-eighth year (within two years of Yovel) ...
(c)... because, if we reckoned only a full year, it would be two full years until Yovel, in which case, he would have pay two Sela'im and two Pudiyonim to Hekdesh, whereas now that we reckon only part of the year, he redeems it for its full value.
5)
(a)The Mishnah now gives the rate of a field that one declares Hekdesh in the time of the Yovel as 'Zera Chomer Se'orim'. What is the exact definition of 'Zera'?
(b)If the field contains craters or rocks, how deep or tall must they be not to be reckoned in the Kur?
(c)What will be the Din if the small craters are full of water (and cannot therefore be sown)?
(d)At what rate does one redeem a Sadeh Achuzah when there is no Yovel?
5)
(a)The Mishnah now gives the rate of a field that one declares Hekdesh in the time of the Yovel as 'Zera Chomer Se'orim'. The exact definition of 'Zera' is - the amount of seeds that one can sow in that area by hand, evenly spaced, not too loosely and not too compactly.
(b)If the field contains craters or rocks - they must be ten Tefachim deep or tall in order not to be reckoned in the Kur (See Tosfos Yom Tov DH 'Hayu Sham Neka'im Amukim').
(c)Even if the small craters are full of water (and cannot therefore be sown) - they are not Chashuv and are therefore reckoned in the Kur.
(d)When there is no Yovel, one redeems a Sadeh Achuzah - according to the going rate.
6)
(a)What does the Mishnah finally say, based in the Pasuk there "ve'Chishav lo ha'Kohen es ha'Kesef"?
6)
(a)Based in the Pasuk there "ve'Chishav lo ha'Kohen es ha'Kesef", the Mishnah finally rules that - if one wants to redeem a field (See Tosfos Yom Tov), one can only redeem it in one go, not in sections.
Mishnah 2
7)
(a)Whyat is the Din regarding anybody other than the owner redeeming the field?
(b)What distinction does the Tana draw between the owner who redeems it and somebody else, based on the Pasuk there (in connection with the extra fifth) "ve'Im Ga'ol Yig'al es ha'Sadeh ha'Makdish oso ... "?
7)
(a)Anybody other than the owner - can redeem the field at the same rate as him ...
(b)... only, based on the Pasuk (in connection with the extra fifth) "ve'Im Ga'ol Yig'al es ha'Sadeh ha'Makdish oso ... " the Tana rules that - it is only the owner who has to pay an extra fifth.
Mishnah 3
8)
(a)Based on the Pasuk there "ve'Hayah ha"Sadeh be'Tzeiso ba'Yovel Kodesh la'Hashem", what happens to a Sadeh Achuzah which a stranger redeems from Hekdesh?
(b)What if the one who redeems it is ...
1. ... the Makdish?
2. ... the Makdish's son?
(c)How do we learn the latter ruling from the Pasuk "ve'Im Machar es ha'Sadeh le'Ish Acher Lo Yiga'el Od"?
(d)And what is the Din regarding a case where a stranger or a relative redeems it from Hekdesh and the Makdish purchases it from them?
8)
(a)Based on the Pasuk there "ve'Hayah ha'Sadeh be'Tzeiso ba'Yovel Kodesh la'Hashem", a Sadeh Achuzah which a stranger redeems from Hekdesh - goes to the Kohanim in the Yovel.
(b)If the one who redeems it is ...
1. ... the Makdish - then he retains it.
2. ... the Makdish's son - it goes to his father when Yovel arrives.
(c)We learn the latter ruling from the Pasuk "ve'Im Machar es ha'Sadeh le'Ish Acher, Lo Yiga'el Od" - which we Darshen "le'Ish Acher", 've'Lo le'Ben' (See Tosfos Yom Tov).
(d)Likewise in a case where a stranger or a relative redeems it from Hekdesh and the Makdish purchases it from them - he retains it when the Yovel arrives (See Tosfos Yom Tov).
9)
(a)If a Kohen redeems the field, what is he not entitled to claim?
(b)Then what happens to the field?
9)
(a)If a Kohen redeems the field, he is not entitled to claim that - seeing as it anyway goes to the Kohanim in the Yovel, he may as well keep it (See Tosfos Yom Tov) ...
(b)... but it goes to the Kohanim when the Yovel arrives.
Mishnah 4
10)
(a)According to both Rebbi Yehudah and Rebbi Shimon, what happens to a Sadeh Achuzah which has not been redeemed by the time the Yovel arrived?
(b)What does Rebbi Yehudah say about the Kohanim paying Hekdesh, based on the Gezeirah-Shavah of "Kodesh" "Kodesh" from someone who is Makdish his house?
(c)What does Rebbi Shimon say?
(d)He too, learns it from the Gezeirah-Shavah of "Kodesh" "Kodesh". From which context in Parshas Emor does he learn it?
10)
(a)According to both Rebbi Yehudah and Rebbi Shimon, if a Sadeh Achuzah has not been redeemed by the time the Yovel arrived - it goes to the Kohanim.
(b)Based on the Gezeirah-Shavah of "Kodesh" "Kodesh" from someone who is Makdish his house (See Tosfos Yom Tov), Rebbi Yehudah rules that - the Kohanim must pay Hekdesh,
(c)Rebbi Shimon - maintains that he is Patur.
(d)He too, learns it from the Gezeirah-Shavah of "Kodesh" "Kodesh" - from the Kivsei Atzeres (the Lambs of Shavu'os) in Parshas Emor (which the Kohanim receive free of charge).
11)
(a)On what grounds does Rebbi ...
1. ... Shimon prefer to learn a Sadeh Achuzah from Kivsei Atzeres?
2. ... Yehudah prefer to learn it from Makdish Beiso?
(b)Like whom is the Halachah?
(c)What does Rebbi Eliezer say about a Sadeh Achuzah that nobody claimed until the Yovel?
(d)He refers to it as Sadeh Retushin. What does 'Sadeh Retushin' mean?
(e)Why does he call it by that name?
11)
(a)Rebbi ...
1. ... Shimon prefers to learn a Sadeh Achuzah from Kivsei Atzeres - since (as opposed to Makdish Beiso), they both belong to the category of Matnos Kehunah.
2. ... Yehudah prefers to learn it from Makdish Beiso - since (as opposed to Kivsei Atzeres), they both belong to the category of Bedek ha'Bayis.
(b)The Halachah is - like Rebbi Yehudah.
(c)According to Rebbi Eliezer - the Kohanim may neither enter the field nor must they pay for a Sadeh Achuzah that nobody claimed until the Yovel.
(d)He refers to it as 'Sadeh Retushin' - which means 'a forsaken field' (See Tosfos Yom Tov) ...
(e)... because it remains without an owner when the Yovel arrives.
12)
(a)What happens to Rebbi Eliezer's Sadeh Retushin if it has still not been redeemed by the time the next Yovel arrives?
(b)When do the Kohanim receive the field, according to him?
12)
(a)In the event that Rebbi Eliezer's Sadeh Retushin has still not been redeemed by the time the next Yovel arrives - it still does not go to the Kohanim.
(b)According to him, they will only receive the field - once the Yovel arrives after somebody has redeemed it.
Mishnah 5
13)
(a)In a case where somebody purchases a field from his father and declares it Hekdesh, what distinction does Rebbi Meir draw between whether he declares it Hekdesh after or before his father died?
(b)What are the ramifications of the latter ruling (besides the fact that it must be redeemed according to its intrinsic value)?
(c)What is the reason for the latter ruling, bearing in mind that when he comes to redeem it, it belongs to him?
(d)What do Rebbi Yehudah and Rebbi Shimon say?
(e)How do they learn it from the Pasuk "ve'Im es S'dei Miknaso asher Lo mi'Sedei Achuzaso"?
13)
(a)In a case where somebody purchases a field from his father and declares it Hekdesh, Rebbi Meir rules that if declares it Hekdesh after his father died - it is a Sadeh Achuzah; beforehand - it is a Sadeh Miknah ...
(b)... it which case (besides the fact that it must be redeemed according to its intrinsic value) - if someone else redeems it, it goes to the Kohanim in the Yovel (See Tosfos Yom Tov).
(c)The reason for the latter ruling (despite the fact that when he comes to redeem it, it belongs to him) is - because, at the time when he declared it Hekdesh, it was not yet his.
(d)Rebbi Yehudah and Rebbi Shimon rule that - either way, it has the Din of a Sadeh Achuzah ...
(e)... because the Pasuk says "ve'Im es S'dei Miknaso asher Lo mi'Sedei Achuzaso" - implying that only a field that one does not stand to inherit is considered a Sadeh Miknah (See Tosfos Yom Tov).
14)
(a)What happens in the Yovel to a Sadeh Miknah that the purchaser was Makdish and that somebody else redeemed?
(b)On which principle is this ruling based?
14)
(a)A Sadeh Miknah that the purchaser was Makdish and that somebody else redeemed (See Tosfos Yom Tov) - goes back to its original owner in the Yovel, and not to the Kohanim ...
(b)... because a person cannot be Makdish something that does not belong to him (and a purchased field leaves the purchaser's domain once the Yovel arrives [See Tosfos Yom Tov]).
15)
(a)Finally what does the Tana say about Kohanim and Levi'im being Makdish and redeeming a field?
(b)From which Pasuk in B'har does he learn that a Kohen or a Levi can redeem a field even after the Yovel?
(c)What does he mean when he says that they can be Makdish it 'Le'olam'?
(d)And what is the Din regarding a Yisrael who is Makdish a field during the Yovel?
15)
(a)The Tana finally rules that Kohanim and Levi'im can be Makdish and redeem a field - whenever they wish, irrespective of whether it is before or after the Yovel.
(b)He learns that a Kohen or a Levi can redeem a field even after the Yovel from the Pasuk in B'har - "Ge'ulas Olam Tih'yeh la'Levi'im".
(c)When he says that they can be Makdish it 'Le'olam' he means - even during the Yovel ...
(d)... whereas if a Yisrael is Makdish a field during the Yovel - his declaration is invalid.
