R. Chanina son of R. Abahu: In the future, Hash-m will even act kindly with them; as the pasuk (ibid) states, "...and they will be for Hash-m, presenters of offerings in (His) righteousness.'' (i.e. He will allow them to bring offerings without publicizing their problematic status.)

R. Yochanan: Any family that absorbed a disqualification (that is unknown to the public), we are not particular about it.

Support (R. Shimon ben Lakish - Beraisa): The family of Ben Tzerifah lived in the Transjordan and Bentzion (a powerful leader) distanced them (by announcing it). There was another family there, whom Bentzion brought close and the Chachamim did not wish to publicize it; but the Chachamim give over the information to their sons and students twice in seven years.

R. Yochanan: I swear that I recognize them, but what can I do if the greatest Rabbis have accepted them!

R. Yehoshua ben Levi: Pashchor ben Aymer (a Kohen Gadol in the days of Yirmiyah) had 5000 slaves and all became absorbed into the Kehunah (as they fooled by people with the fact that they ate Terumah - since they were slaves of a Kohen); and they are the brazen members of the Kehunah.

R. Elazar: The purest genealogy of Kohanim is found in those who are brazen, as the pasuk states (Hosheya 4, 3), "and your people quarrel like a Kohen''.

R. Abahu: Thirteen cities became mixed into the Kusim and the city of Mishan was one of them.

R. Chaninah: Our Mishnah does not follow the opinion of R. Yehudah, who said that there are four congregations (mentioned in the pesukim that discuss the prohibition for a Jew to marry a Mamzer, a Amoni or a Moavi), referring to the congregations of Kohanim, Leviim, Yisraelim and converts.

Question against R. Yehudah: But the pasuk states (Devarim 23, 2), "A man with squashed testicles or a cut organ should not enter the congregation of Hashem''. (This is surely a fifth use of the word congregation...?)

Answer: Those are physical disqualifications.

Question: But the pasuk states (ibid, pasuk 9), "Children who are born to them in the 3rd generation may enter the congregation of Hashem''. (This is also an extra use of the word congregation...?)

Answer: This is a positive Mitzvah, whereas R. Yehudah was referring to negative prohibitions.

Rabbanan: There are three congregations - Kohanim, Leviim and Yisraelim, and about each the pasuk says "he shall not enter''. (However, converts are not considered to be a congregation, so they may marry people who are prohibited from marrying into the congregation of Hash-m.)

(Mishnah): What is a Shtuki? A person who recognizes his mother but not his father. (When he asks his mother who his father is, she silences him.)

What is an Asufi? A person who was found abandoned in the marketplace and he does not recognize either of his parents.

Aba Shaul would call a Shtuki a Beduki (meaning that we must ask his mother and if she says that his father is Kasher, she is believed to say that the child is Kasher).

What does the word Beduki mean? We check (bodek) after him.

The brother of R. Yehudah bar Zavdi citing Rebbi: As long as the child is still abandoned in the marketplace, either parent may testify about his status; once he has been taken in, he must have two witnesses to testify about his status and his parents can act as two witnesses.

Rabbanan of Kisarin citing Rav Chisda: This applies to a child that cannot move around but if he can move around, he needs two witnesses to testify about his status and his parents can act as two witnesses. (Note: This entry follows the explanation of the Pnei Moshe.)

This follows the statement of R. Yanai that calves and foals that jump around do not have a Chazakah (meaning that if a person has them in his possession, it is not a proof of ownership since they could have come of their own volition).

R. Ba citing Rav Chisda: Three people are believed when they testify immediately after the fact - a midwife, a caravan of travellers who found an abandoned child and a woman who takes the blame for a blood stain found (to render only herself a Nidah but to purify the other women)...

A midwife: The pasuk states (Bereishis 38, 28), "...and the midwife took a crimson thread and tied it on his hand to say that this one came out first''.

A caravan: This is like the statement of R. Aba, brother of R. Yehudah bar Zavdi, citing Rav - a child, as long as it is still abandoned in the marketplace, either parent may testify to his status; after he is taken in, he needs two witnesses to testify and his parents can act as two witnesses.

A woman who purifies other woman - This is the like the Mishnah (in Maseches Nidah) - If three women slept in a bed and blood was found underneath one of them, they are all rendered impure (as we do not know who made the blood stain). If one of them checked herself and found herself to be impure, she is impure but the others are pure.

R. Aba: As long as she checked herself within 24 hours of finding the stain.