[30a - 47 lines; 30b - 22 lines]
1)[line 25]מסרגין לשבתותMESARGIN L'SHABBASOS- we alternate Shabbosos
2)[last line]"כה אמר ה' א-לקים בראשון באחד לחדש...""KOH AMAR HASH-M E-LOKIM: BA'RISHON B'ECHAD LA'CHODESH..." - "So says HaSh-m: On the first of the first month [you shall take a bull from the herd as a Chatas, and you shall purify the Mikdash]" (Yechezkel 45:18) (INAUGURATING THE FUTURE BEIS HA'MIKDASH)
(a)Fourteen years after the Churban, Yechezkel Ha'Navi was shown a prophetic vision of the future Beis ha'Mikdash, including both its structure and sacrificial service, in great detail (Yechezkel 40-48). Had we been worthy, this vision would have been fulfilled in the time of Ezra, and the second Beis ha'Mikdash would have stood forever. Because our Teshuvah was incomplete, and many Jews intermarried during the exile, the second Beis ha'Mikdash would be temporary, and Yechezkel's prophecy will be fulfilled with the third Beis ha'Mikdash (RASHI to Yechezkel 43:12).
(b)This verse begins the description of the Milu'im, the inauguration sacrifices that are to be offered in the new Mikdash. The bull referred to here is synonymous with the bull mentioned earlier (Yechezkel 43:19) regarding the consecration of the Mizbe'ach. This verse teaches that the inauguration is to occur on Rosh Chodesh Nisan, and that the Kohen should sprinkle the blood of the bull, a sin-offering, on the doorposts of the Heichal, on the four corners of the top of the Mizbe'ach (or on the four corners of the Azarah that is nearest to the Mizbe'ach), and on the doorpost of the gate leading to the Ezras Yisrael.
(c)The verse adds that the inauguration ceremony is to last for seven days (like that of Aharon in the Midbar). However, on the subsequent six days, it was not a bull that was brought as a sin-offering, but a goat. In addition, a burnt-offering comprised of a bull and ram should be offered (METZUDAS DAVID).
30b----------------------------------------30b
3)[line 7]ולמעמדותMA'AMADOS
(a)The Mishnah in Ta'anis 26a states that the early prophets divided Bnei Yisrael into twenty-four groups, or Ma'amados. Each Ma'amad consisted of Kohanim, Leviyim and Yisraelim, and it was their duty to make sure that the Korbanos were sacrificed properly. The Ma'amados worked in a rotation and took responsibility for the Korbanos of one week, twice each year.
(b)When each Ma'amad's turn arrived, the Kohanim and Leviyim would travel to the Beis ha'Mikdash to do the divine service. Some of the Yisraelim traveled to Yerushalayim, also, but most of them stayed in their own cities. It was the job of the Yisraelim to pray that the week's Korbanos should be accepted by HaSh-m. They gathered together to fast, read special portions of the Torah and recite the special Shemoneh Esreh of Ta'aniyos (see Background to Shabbos 24:1).
4)[line 12]מצפרא כינופיאMI'TZAFRA KINUFYA- the assembly of the people is from the morning