1)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses what one mat purchase with the proceeds of things that are holy (See Tos. Yom-Tov). If the residents of a city sell ..

1. ... the main square of the city, they are permitted - to purchase ... a Shul.

2. ... the Shul, they are permitted to purchase - an Aron ha'Kodesh.

3. ... the Aron ha'Kodesh, they are permitted to purchase a Seifer-Torah.

(b)The reason behind the sequence is because each subsequent item possesses more Kedushah than the previous one.

(c)The town-square is Kadosh - because the people gather there on Ta'aniyos to Daven (as we learned in Ta'anis).

(d)The Chachamim disagree with this - since it is not done regularly.

(e)The Heter to sell a Shul is confined to a village. The residents of a city (despite the opening phrase) are not permitted to sell their Shul - due to the fact that a Shul is the property of all those who Daven in it, and this includes people who come from outside. And it is obvious that one cannot possibly obtain the permission of all the outsiders who Daven there.

2)

(a)If the people sell...

1. ... the Aron ha'Kodesh, they are permitted to purchase - Seifer-Torah mantles ...

2. ... Seifer-Torah mantles - Sefarim (Nevi'im and Kesuvim (See Tos. Yom-Tov), written in scroll form on parchment) ...

3. ... Sefarim - a Seifer-Torah. But if they sell ...

4. ... a Seifer-Torah, they are not permitted to purchase anything except for another Seifer-Torah (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

(b)The principle that governs both the first half of the Mishnah and its continuation, which forbids using the proceeds of a sale of any of the above in the reverse order is - 'Ma'alin ba'Kodesh, ve'Ein Moridin'.

(c)The Tana then adds - that same restrictions apply to leftover money of any of the above permitted sales

3)

(a)All sales are permitted, even in the reverse order - provided it was sold by the seven committee-town members (as was customary in those days) in the presence of all the residents.

(b)... in which case it is permitted to use the proceeds even to purchase beer.

(c)On the other hand, the current concession does not apply - with regard to large cities (as we explained earlier).

4)

(a)Rebbi Yehudah - prohibits the sale of public property to an individual purchaser.

(b)The Chachamim disagree with him - because in that case, selling th property of a large town to a smaller one ought also to be forbidden, and ''There is no end to how far this can go (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

5)

(a)Rebbi Meir permits the sale of a Shul - provided they specify that the seller may buy it back should they so wish (See Tos. Yom-Tov) ...

(b)... because it is a disgrace to sell a Shul permanently.

(c)The Chachamim - permit it on condition that it is not subsequently used for one of four things.

6)

(a)Two of the four things that they forbid selling it for are a bathhouse and a tannery. The other two are - a Mikvah and a bathroom.

(b)Rebbi Yehudah apparently (See Tos. Yom-Tov, beginning of the following Mishnah) more lenient. He permits selling it as a courtyard, and the purchaser may then do with it as he pleases.

(c)The Halachah is - like the Chachamim.

7)

(a)The Mishnah now Chumra of Rebbi Yehudah (See Tos. Yom-Tov), where he lists another a number of things that he forbids doing in the ruins of a Shul. The reason for this, based on the Pasuk in Bechukosai "Vahashimosi es Mikd'sheichem" (See Tos. Yom-Tov), is - because even after the destruction of the Batei-Mikdash (major and minor) have been destroyed, they retain their Kedushah.

(b)The list includes not eulogizing (See Tos. Yom-Tov) in them, twisting (making) ropes and spreading animal traps - and the same applies to any other Melachos.

(c)The Tana mentions specifically these - because they need a lot of room, and the large area of a Shul is well-suited for that purpose.

(d)He forbids - spreading out fruit to dry on the roof.

8)

(a)Finally, he forbids making it a Kapendarya - (i.e. a short-cut).

(b)It is called by that name - because it is the acronym of 'A'de'Makifna Dari, E'ul be'Ha' (instead of going round, I will go through here!').

9)

(a)And the Mishnah forbid uprooting weeds that grow there - because it is sad to see weeds growing in a Shul ...

(b)... and it will inspire the people to re-build it.

(c)He qualifies the prohibition however - by limiting it to uprooting them and removing them (but permitting it as long as one leaves them there.

10)

(a)The Tana rules that when Rosh Chodesh Adar falls ...

1. ... on Shabbos - one Leins Parshas Shekalim on that day.

2. ... during the week - one Leins it the Shabbos before.

(b)... even if Rosh Chodesh falls on Friday

(c)Parshas Shekalim comprises - the opening Pesukim of Ki Sissa ...

(d)... which one Leins specifically at the beginning of Adar - to remind us to bring our half-Shekalim during the month of Adar ...

(e)... so that on Rosh Chodesh Nisan, the Kohanim will be able to purchase the Korbanos from the 'T'rumah Chadashah' (money that has been donated this year [See also Tos. Yom-Tov]).

11)

(a)On the second special Shabbos - we Lein Parshas Zachor (See Tos. Yom-Tov)

(b)If Rosh Chodesh Adar falls on Shabbos, we do not Lein Parshas Zachor on the following Shabbos - in order to Lein it close to Purim (to juxtapose the blotting out of Amalek to the blotting out of Haman).

(c)The third and fourth special Parshiyos are -Parshas Parah (See Tos. Yom-Tov) and Parshas ha'Chodesh, respectively.

(d)We Lein Parshas Parah (Adumah) - to remind us to purify ourselves in good time, so as to bring the Korban Pesach be'Taharah.

(e)If Rosh Chodesh Nisan falls on Shabbos, we Lein Parshas Parah the Shabbos before, rather than the Shabbos after Purim - in order to juxtapose the warning against eating the Korban Pesach be'Tum'ah close to the actual event.

12)

(a)We Lein Parshas "ha'Chodesh (ha'Zeh lachem") - because it contains the Parshah of the Korban Pesach.

(b)If Rosh Chodesh Nisan does not fall on Shabbos, we Lein it the Shabbos before.

(c)We learn from the Tana's statement 'ba'Chamishis Chozrin le'ke'Sidran' - that the four special Shabbasos require their own Haftaros (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

(d)The significance of the following sequence "Ben Sheva Shanim", "Pakadti es asher Asah l'cha Amalek", "ba'Rishon be'Echad la'Chodesh" - are in fact, the opening of the four special Haftaros, in the correct order.

13)

(a)The Tana rules that Rosh Chodesh, Chanukah and Purim - require their own special Haftaros ...

(b)... and so do Yom Kipur (See Tiferes Yisrael), Ta'aniyos and Ma'amados (See Tos. Yom-Tov on each item).

14)

(a)The Tana now lists the Parshiyos that we Lein on special occasions. On the first day of Pesach, he says, we Lein "Shor O Kesev O Eiz" and on Shavu'os "Shiv'ah Shavu'os" (both in Parshas Emor (See Tos. Yom-Tov). Nowadays ...

1. ... on the first day of Pesach we Lein - 'Mishchu u'Kechu lachem Tzon (from Parshas Bo) ...

2. ... on the second day of Pesach (in Chutz la'Aretz) - "Shor O Kesev O Eiz" (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

3. ... on the first day of Shavu'os - "ba'Chodesh ha'Shelishi" (from Parshas Yisro).

(b)According to the Tana's list, we Lein ...

1. ... on Rosh ha'Shanah - "ba'Chodesh ha'Shevi'i be'Echad la'Chodesh" (in Parshas Emor) ...

2. ... on Yom Kipur - the Avodah of the day in Parshas Acharei-Mos ...

3. ... on the first day of Succos - the Parshah Mo'ados in Emor, and ...

4. ... on the remaining days of Succos - the respective Korbanos of the day (in order, See Tos. Yom-Tov DH 'ba'Pesach').

(c)The Haftarah that we Lein in Chutz la'Aretz on the first day of Pesach is that of Pesach Gilgal (the first Pesach Yisrael spent in Eretz Yisrael).

(d)On the second day the Leining is that of "Shor O Kesev" (in Parshas Emor), the Haftarah (from Seifer Melachim) that we Lein then is - that of Pesach Yoshiyahu (from Seifer Melachim).

15)

(a)If ...

1. ... on the third day of Pesach we Lein "Kadeish li Kol B'chor" (from Parshas Bo), on the fourth day, we Lein "Im kesef Talveh (from Parshas Mishpatim).

2. ... fifth day we Lein "P'sal l'cha" (from Parshas ki Sissa), on the sixth day we Lein "Vaya'asu B'nei Yisrael is ha'Pesach be'Mo'ado" (from Parshas Beha'alscha), whereas ...

(b)On the seventh day, we Lein - Shiras ha'Yam (See Tos. Yom-Tov), and ...

(c)... appropriately - "Vayedaber David (from Seifer Shmuel) for the Haftarah.

(d)On the last day of Yom-tov (in Chutz la'Aretz) we Lein the Haftarah of "Od ha'Yom be'Nov La'amod" (in Seifer Yeshayah [See Tos. Yom-Tov]) - and the Parshah of "Kol ha'Bechor" (in Re'ei [See Tos. Yom-Tov]).

16)

(a)On the first day of Shavu'os we Lein "Vay'hi ba'Chodesh ha'Shelishi" (from Parshas Yisro), and on the second day (in Chutz la'Aretz) - "Kol ha'Bechor" (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

(b)The Haftarah on the second day (in Chutz la'Aretz) is taken from Chavakuk, on the first day - 'Ma'aseh ha'Merkavah' from (from Seifer Yechezkel [See Tos. Yom-Tov]),

17)

(a)On the first day of Rosh ha'Shanah, we Lein "va'Hashem Pakad es Sarah" (from Parshas Vayeira) - because that was when her prayers were answered and she conceived.

(b)On the second day, we Lein - the Akeidas Yitzchak (there).

(c)The Haftarah on the second day is "ha'Vein Yakir Li Efrayim" (from Seifer Yirmiyah). The reason that we Lein that of Chanah (in Seifer Shmuel) on the first day is - because, like Sarah, that was when her prayers were answered.

18)

(a)On Yom Kipur at ...

1. ... Shachris we Lein - The Avodah of Yom Kipur (from Acharei-Mos), and at ...

2. ... Minchah - the Parshah of Arayos (Ibid.)

(b)The Haftarah on Yom Kipur Shachris is "Koh Amar Hash-m Ram ve'Nisa" (from Seifer Yeshayah), that of Minchah is 'Seifer Yonah (for the reasons for all the Parshiyos see Tos. Yom-Tov, some of which we have noted).

19)

(a)On both the first day and the second day (in Chutz la'Aretz) of Succos, we Lein - "Shor O Kesev O Eiz" (in Parshas Emor).

(b)On the first day, the Haftarah is "Hinei Yom Hash-m Ba" (from Seifer Zecharyah), the Haftarah on the second day is "Vayikahalu el ha'Melech Sh'lomoh" (from Seifer Melachim)

(c)On Chol ha'Mo'ed Succos - we Lein from the Korbanos ha'Chag (as we already explained).

(d)For example, on the third day (the first day of Chol ha'Mo'ed (according to the Bartenura, who lived in Italy) Kohen Leins "u'va'Yom ha'Sheini" ...

1. ... Levi - "u'va'Yom ha'Shelishi" ...

2. ... Shelishi - "u'va'Yom ha'Revei'i" and ...

3. ... Revi'i - "u'va'Yom ha"Sheini" & "u'va'Yom ha'Shelishi" (the Sfeika de'Yoma).

(e)The Leining follows the same pattern on the subsequent days of Chol ha'Mo'ed, only the Kohen starts with the next day ('u'va'Yom ha'Sheilishi", and so on), until the seventh day, where the first three Aliyos are the same as the previous day ("u'va'Yom ha'Chamishi, Shishi and Shevi'i). The difference between Revi'i on the sixth day and Revi'i of the seventh day is - that whereas the former Leins "u'va'Yom ha'Chamishi" & "u'va'Yom ha'Shishi", the latter leins "u'va'Yom ha'Shishi" and "u'va'Yom ha'Shevi'i".

20)

(a)In Chutz la'Aretz, the Haftarah on the eighth day (Shemini Atzeres) is "Vay'hi ke'Chalos Sh'lomoh" (from Seifer Melachim), and we Lein "Kol ha'Bechor" ...

(b)... whereas both on the following day (Simchas Torah) and on Shemini Atzeres in Eretz Yisrael, we Lein "ve'Zos ha'Berachah".

(c)The Haftarah that accompanies this Leining is - Vay'hi Acharei Mos Moshe (the opening Parshah in Yehoshua).

21)

(a)On Shabbos Chol ha'Mo'ed, both on Pesach and on Succos, we Lein - "Re'ei Atah Omer Eilai ... " (from Ki Sissa [See final comment of the Tos. Yom-Tov on the Mishnah]).

(b)On the former, the Haftarah is that of the dry bones of Yechezkel, of the latter - "be'Yom Ba Gog" (from Yechezkel).

(c)... based on the tradition that Techi'as ha'Meisim will take on Pesach and the battle with Gog and Magog, on Succos.

22)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses the Leining on the minor Yamim Tovim and on other special occasions. On ...

1. ... Chanukah (See Tos. Yom-Tov), we Lein - the Parshah of the Nesi'im (in Naso [See Tos. Yom-Tov]), on ...

2. ... Purim - "Vayavo Amalek" (in Beshalach)and on ...

3. ... Rosh Chodesh - "u've'Roshei Chodsheichem" (in Pinchas).

(b)The Leining on the Ma'amados (See Tos. Yom-Tov) is Ma'aseh Bereishis (as we learned in Ta'anis), and on Ta'aniyos (See Tos. Yom-Tov) - the B'rachos and the K'lalos (in Bechusosai [See Tos. Yom-Tov]).

(c)The reason for ...

1. ... the former is - because heaven and earth only exist on the merit of the Korbanos.

2. ... the latter is - to remind us that when punishment comes upon the world, it is due to our sins, and this should spurn us on to do Teshuvah.

(d)The Tana rules that the person who Leins the K'lalos- should Lein it from beginning to end without stopping in the middle (See Tos. Yom-Tov Dh 'Ein Mafsikin' and 'Ela Echad Korei ...').

23)

(a)And finally ...

1. ... on Monday and Thursday and ...

2. ... at Shabbos Minchah (See Tos. Yom-Tov) we Lein - part of the following Parshah

(b)When the Mishnah says 've'Ein Olin lahem min ha'Cheshbon' it means - that we do not deduct this from the Leining of the following Shabbos.

(c)We learn the obligation to Lein the Parshah of each and every special occasion on that occasion - from the Pasuk in Emor "Vayedaber Moshe es Mo'adei Hash-m el B'nei Yisrael" (See Tos. Yom-Tov).