1)

DOES THEFT UPROOT BIKURIM? (Yerushalmi Bikurim Perek 1 Halachah 2 Daf 1b)

îúðé' äàøéñéï åäçëåøåú åäñé÷øé÷åï åäâæìï àéï îáéàéï îàåúå äèòí îùåí ùðàîø [ùîåú ëâ éè] øàùéú áëåøé àãîúê:

(a)

(Mishnah): Sharecroppers, Chakiros (they rent land on condition to pay a fixed amount of Peros from it), a Sikrikon (extortionist who took land, and the owner fears to contest him) and a Gazlan do not bring for that reason (given at the end of the previous Mishnah) - "Reishis Bikurei Admasecha."

[ãó á òîåã à] âî' òã ëãåï ëùâæì ÷ø÷ò âæì æîåøä åðèòä

(b)

(Gemara) Question: This is when he stole land. If he stole a branch and planted it [what is the law]?

åìà ãîéí äåà çééá ìå.

(c)

Answer: Does he not [acquire it, and he merely] owes money [to the branch's original owner?! Surely he brings and recites!]

àìà öøéëä ìøáðéï. îöåú ëâáåä äï àå àéðï ëâáåä.

(d)

Question: Rather, Rabanan asked whether a Mitzvah (e.g. Bikurim) is like Gavoha (something stolen is Pasul for a Korban even after there is despair and the Gazlan acquires it), or is it not like Gavoha?

àéï úéîø ëâáåä äï àéðå îáéà åàéï úéîø àéðï ëâáåä îáéà.

1.

If you will say that it is like Gavoha, he does not bring [Bikurim]. If you will say that it is not like Gavoha, he brings.

äëì îåãéï áàùéøä ùáéèìä ùàéðå îáéà îîðä âéæéøéï ìîòøëä.

(e)

All agree about an Asheirah (a tree planted for idolatry) that was Batel (the owner did an act to show that he no longer worships it), that one may not bring from it logs for the Ma'arachah (woodpile on the Mizbe'ach).

øáé ùîòåï áï ì÷éù áòé îäå ùéáéà îîðä ìåìá. îöåú ëâáåä äï àå àéðï ëâáåä.

(f)

Question (Reish Lakish): May one bring from it a Lulav? Is a Mitzvah like Gavoha, or not like Gavoha?

àéï úéîø ëâáåä äï àéðå îáéà àéï úéîø àéðï ëâáåä îáéà.

1.

If you will say that it is like Gavoha, he does not bring [a Lulav from it]. If you will say that it is not like Gavoha, he brings.

[ãó â òîåã à (òåæ åäãø)] ôùéèà ùäåà îáéà îîðä ìåìá ùàéï îöåú ëâáåä.

(g)

Answer: Clearly, he may bring from it a Lulav, for a Mitzvah is not like Gavoha.

îäå ùéáéà áéëåøéí.

(h)

Question: May one bring [from it] Bikurim?

ëø' éåãä ãå àîø äå÷ùå ì÷ãùé äâáåì îáéà. ëøáðéï ãàéðåï îøéï äå÷ùå ì÷ãùé î÷ãù àéðå îáéà.

(i)

Answer: According to R. Yehudah, who says that [Bikurim] are equated to Kodshei ha'Gevul (in Chalah 4:4, he does not permit giving them to any Kohen; they are like Terumah, which we give only to a Chaver who is careful about Tum'ah), he brings. According to Rabanan, who say that [Bikurim] are equated to Kodshei ha'Mikdash (one may give them to any Kohen), he does not bring.

òã ëãåï áâæéìä ùìà ðúééàùå äáòìéí îîðä àôé' áâæéìä ùðúééàùå äáòìéí îîðä.

(j)

Question: This is only for theft from which the owner did not despair. Is it even for theft from which the owner despaired?

ñáøéï àîøéï ðéùîòéðä îï äãà äøé àìå áúøåîä åáîòùø îä ùàéï ëï ááéëåøéí.

(k)

Answer: We learn from the following (Mishnah). These apply to Terumah and Ma'aser (they apply to sharecroppers, Chakiros, a Sikrikon and a Gazlan), but not to Bikurim.

ëìåí öøéëä ìà áâæéìä (ùìà ðúééàùå äáòìéí îîðä àáì áâæéìä ùðúééàùå) [ö"ì ùðúééàùå äáòìéí îîðä àáì áâæéìä ùìà ðúééàùå - äøáä îôøùéí] äáòìéí îîðä àôéìå áúøåîä ìà òùä åìà ëìåí.

1.

This is needed only for theft from which the owner despaired. Theft from which the owner did not despair, even for Terumah he did not do anything!

ëäãà ãúðé äàåðñ åäâðá åäâæìï áæîï ùäáòìéí îøãôéï àçøéäï àéï úøåîúï úøåîä åìà îòùøåúéäï îòùø åìà ä÷ãùï ä÷ãù.

2.

This is like it was taught, an extortionist, Ganav or Gazlan, when the owner chases after them, their Terumah is not Terumah, their Ma'aser is not Ma'aser, and their Hekdesh is not Hekdesh;

àí àéï äáòìéï îøãôéï àçøéäï úøåîúï úøåîä åîòùøåúéäï îòùø åä÷ãùï ä÷ãù.

3.

When the owner does not chase after them, their Terumah is Terumah, their Ma'aser is Ma'aser, and their Hekdesh is Hekdesh;

[ãó á òîåã á] øáé éåñé áùí øáé éåçðï ìà æä úåøí åìà æä úåøí.

(l)

(R. Yosi citing R. Yochanan): This one (the Gazlan) cannot be Torem (for it is not his), and this one (the owner) cannot be Torem (for it is not in his Reshus).

øáé àîé áùí øáé éåçðï àôéìå äáòìéí ùúøîå àéï úøåîúï úøåîä.

(m)

(R. Ami citing R. Yochanan): Even if the owner was Torem, it is not Terumah [even b'Di'eved].

àîø øáé éåñé òã ëãåï àðï ÷ééîéï áâæéìä ùìà ðúééàùå äáòìéí îîðä

(n)

Rebuttal (of the above answer): We discuss a theft from which the owner did not despair.

[ãó â òîåã á (òåæ åäãø)] åìééãà (îé ìà àðï) [ö"ì îéìä - ø"ù ñéøéìéå, ôðé îùä] úðéðï äøé àìå áúøåîä åîòùø îä ùàéï ëï ááëåøéï.

1.

Question: [If there was no despair,] for what matter was it taught 'these apply to Terumah and Ma'aser, but not to Bikurim'?

àôùø ìôéøåú ìöàú áìà áëåøéï àôùø ìôéøåú ìöàú áìà úøåîä åîòùøåú.

2.

Answer: It is possible for Peros without Bikurim (there is no Isur to eat before Bikurim are brought). Is it possible for Peros without Terumah and Ma'aseros?! (A Gazlan cannot tithe before despair, but the Peros are forbidden until they are tithed, even if someone else bought them - R. SHLOMO SIRILIYO.)

àáì áâæéìä ùðúééàùå äáòìéí îîðä òã ëãåï öøéëä:

(o)

However, theft from which the owner despaired, it is a question (whether or not the Gazlan brings Bikurim).