REVACH L'DAF
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SUMMARY
The Amora'im disagree about whether the days allotted during the Regel for bringing the Korbanos of the Regel are make-up days for the first day of Yom Tov, or each day is a separate obligation in itself for one who has not yet brought his Korbanos. (1)
Yochanan ben Dehavai says in the name of Rebbi Yehudah that a person who is blind in one eye is excluded from the Mitzvah of Aliyah l'Regel.
Originally, Beis Hillel said that a person who is half- slave and half-free shall serve his master one day and himself the next. (2)
The statement of Ravina -- that a half-slave is exempt from the Mitzvah of Aliyah l'Regel -- is true only according to the original opinion of Beis Hillel.
Anytime a Cheresh is compared to a Shoteh and a Katan, it is referring to a Cheresh who is a deaf-mute.
A person who is either deaf or mute is not obligated to be Oleh Regel. However, he is obligated in the Mitzvah of Simchah. (3)
A BIT MORE
1. The practical difference between these two opinions involves a person who was lame (and thus exempt) the first day of Yom Tov, and was healed by the second day. If all of the days are make-up days for the first day, then since he was lame on the first day and was exempt, he is exempt during the subsequent days as well. According to the opinion that each day is a separate obligation in itself, he would be included in the Mitzvah once he is healed.
2. Beis Shamai disagrees with Beis Hillel, because the half-slave is prohibited from marrying both a maidservant and a free woman. Consequently, Beis Shamai maintains that we force the master to free him. Beis Hillel was convinced by the logic of Beis Shamai and agreed that the he should be freed.
3. A person who is a deaf-mute, a Katan, or a Shoteh is exempt from the Mitzvah of Simchah on Yom Tov, just as he is exempt from all of the Mitzvos in the Torah.
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BRIEF INSIGHT
Regarding one who is half-slave and half-free, Beis Shamai said to Beis Hillel: "You have made an arrangement for the master but not for the slave." What is meant by the "arrangement for the master"? After all, he simply has exactly what is his due; the slave works for him every other day. The answer is that the master is prohibited by the Torah from enslaving the half-slave at all, even if it is only every other day. The Torah prohibits one from forcing a fellow Jew to do the work of a slave. Since this person is half-free (and thus a half-Jew), one may not force him to do work at all. However, according to the original stance of Beis Hillel, the Rabanan made a special enactment allowing the master to enslave him every other day. Therefore, Beis Hillel argued that this a fine arrangement for the master, but it does nothing for the half-slave to allow him to get married. (Chasam Sofer)
QUICK HALACHAH
A person who is half-slave and half-free may marry neither a maidservant nor a Jewess. Therefore, we force the master to free him, and the freed-servant must write a certificate for half of his worth. In the meantime, until the servant writes the certificate, his handiwork belongs to himself. However, the master is forced to free only a male servant, because he is obligated in the Mitzvah of Peru u'Revu. If a woman is half-maidservant and half-free, she serves her master one day and herself one day. (Shulchan Aruch YD 367:62)
If the woman who is half-maidservant is acting immorally, the owner is obligated to free her. (Shach)
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