REVACH L'DAF
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SUMMARY
An Am ha'Aretz who sells earthenware utensils in the city of Modi'in is sometimes trusted with regard to the Taharah of the utensils. (1)
Reish Lakish: The Am ha'Aretz is trusted only for the Taharah of small earthenware utensils, used for Kodesh, that can be lifted with one hand and are empty of their contents. Rebbi Yochanan: They are trusted even if they can only be lifted with both hands and are full of liquid. (2)
A tax collector accompanied by a Nochri is trusted if he says that he did not enter the house at all, but not if he says that he entered the house but did not take anything. (3)
If the tax collector was not accompanied by a Nochri, he is trusted if he says that he did not touch any Kodesh.
If a Jewish thief enters a house, the utensils that were in his path are regarded as Tamei. However, if he did Teshuvah and returned the objects that he stole, he is trusted if he says that he did not touch any utensils of Kodesh.
At the time of the Regel, an Am ha'Aretz is trusted even regarding the Taharah of Terumah.
An Am ha'Aretz in Yerushalayim is trusted regarding the Taharah of large earthenware utensils to be used for Kodesh. (4)
Rebbi Yehudah and the Rabanan disagree about whether a Chaver -- who began selling wine or dough during the Regel -- may continue selling them after the Regel.
The Gemara does not resolve the question of whether, according to the Rabanan, it is permissible for a Chaver who sold wine during one Regel to leave it over and sell it during the next Regel.
After the Regel, the Kohanim would immerse the utensils of the Azarah in the Mikvah, with the exception of the Shulchan according to the Mishnah, and also with the exception of the Menorah according to the Beraisa. (5)
If the Regel ended on Friday according to the Rabanan, or even on Thursday according to Rebbi Yehudah, the Kohanim would wait until Sunday to immerse the vessels of the Azarah. (6)
A wooden utensil that is stationary is not susceptible to Tum'ah, because the verse compares it to sackcloth which is susceptible to Tum'ah only if it is movable both when it is full and when it is empty.
The Shulchan was lifted up and displayed to the Olei Regel so that everyone would witness the great miracle that the Lechem ha'Panim stayed warm and fresh the entire week.
A table or chair coated with marble is not susceptible to Tum'ah, unless part of it is not coated.
Reish Lakish: A utensil made from very prestigious material, even if it was coated with metal, has the status of a wooden utensil. Rebbi Yochanan: It does not have the status of a wooden utensil.
The coating of a utensil determines its status, regardless of whether the coating is attached with nails or whether it covers the rim of the utensil.
A BIT MORE
1. The Am ha'Aretz is trusted in Modi'in if the Chaver is traveling away from Yerushalayim and the Am ha'Aretz potter is traveling to Yerushalayim and they meet in Modi'in.
2. However, even according to Rebbi Yochanan, the liquid inside is regarded as Tamei even though the utensil is regarded as Tahor.
3. Rebbi Yochanan and Rebbi Elazar disagree about why he is not trusted if he is accompanied by a Nochri. One says he is not trusted because he is afraid of the Nochri. The other one says that it is because he is afraid of the Malchus. The difference between them is in a situation in which the Nochri is not prominent.
4. The Chachamim trusted an Am ha'Aretz regarding Kodesh for small earthenware utensils between Modi'in and Yerushalayim, and for large earthenware utensils within Yerushalayim, because of the prohibition against using furnaces in Yerushalayim.
5. Regarding the Shulchan, the Torah says "Tamid," which teaches that the Lechem ha'Panim must be on the Shulchan at all times. Consequently, we may not remove them in order to immerse the Shulchan. The Beraisa maintains that since the Torah says that the Menorah should be "opposite the Shulchan," it is as if the Torah says "Tamid" with regard to the Menorah as well.
6. Friday is an inopportune time for the immersion because the Kohanim are busy preparing for Shabbos. According to Rebbi Yehudah, Thursday is also an inopportune time because the Kohanim are busy disposing of the pile of ash that accumulated from the many Korbanos that were brought during the Regel.
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BRIEF INSIGHT
The Gemara says that if it not for the fact that the Shulchan was lifted up for the Olei Regel, it would not be susceptible to Tum'ah because it is a wooden utensil that stays in one place. Tosfos asks that the Shulchan was moved from place to place when Klal Yisrael were in the Midbar. Even though it was no longer moved from place to place once Klal Yisrael reached Eretz Yisrael, it would not lose the status of susceptibility to Tum'ah that it had in the Midbar. Tosfos answers that since the Shulchan was not moved by itself, but rather was moved together with all of the other utensils, it is still regarded as a wooden utensil that stays in one place.
QUICK HALACHAH
After the Regel on Motza'i Yom Tov they immersed all of the utensils that were in the Beis ha'Mikdash because the Amei ha'Aretz touched them during the Regel. Therefore, they would tell the Amei ha'Aretz not to touch the Shulchan (when they lifted it to show to the Olei Regel), so that it would not become Tamei and require immersion and He'erev Shemesh, because the verse says that the Lechem ha'Panim should be on the Shulchan "Tamid," always.
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