REVACH L'DAF
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SUMMARY
1. It is forbidden to derive benefit from Aluntis (old wine mixed with filtered water and persimmon) which was acquired from a Nochri, unless the Nochri acquired it from a Yisrael after it had already been made into Aluntis.
2. According to Rabah and Rav Yosef, diluted wine which was left out uncovered is permitted.
3. Rava maintains that diluted wine is forbidden if it is left out uncovered or if it was in the possession of a Nochri.
4. Rava maintains that cooked wine is permitted if it was left out uncovered, or if it was in the possession of a Nochri.
5. If wine is left uncovered in the presence of a sleeping person, it is forbidden.
6. Very sharp, bitter, or sweet wine is permitted even if it is left out uncovered.
7. Rava maintains that wine which started to turn into vinegar within three days may not be left out uncovered. It is forbidden if it was in the possession of a Nochri.
8. If water is dripping, drop by drop, into a bucket, the water in the bucket may be left out uncovered.
9. Rebbi Eliezer maintains that a person may eat figs and grapes at night without concern that a snake ate from them, because "Hashem guards fools."
10. Even if nine people took a drink from a jug of water which was left out uncovered without any ill effects, a tenth person should not drink from it.
11. Water that has been left out uncovered should not be poured into a public domain or given to an animal to drink.
12. It is forbidden to derive benefit from wine which was poured to an Avodah Zarah. The size of an olive of the wine is Metamei like a Mes.
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A BIT MORE
1. A Nochri will not pour Aluntis to an Avodah Zarah. Nevertheless, it is forbidden because the Nochri may have poured it to the Avodah Zarah before it was made into Aluntis.
2. Wine which was left out uncovered is forbidden because of the concern that a snake may have drunk from it. However, a snake does not drink diluted wine. Diluted wine is permitted only if it is very diluted (two-thirds water). If it is only somewhat diluted, it remains forbidden.
3. According to Rava, there is a concern that a snake will drink diluted wine. There is also a concern that a Nochri will pour diluted wine to an Avodah Zarah. Therefore, if it was in the possession of a Nochri it is forbidden.
4. A snake will not drink cooked wine, and a Nochri will not pour cooked wine to an Avodah Zarah.
5. Whether it was left uncovered by day or by night it is forbidden, because a snake is not afraid of a sleeping person.
6. A snake would not drink wine which has a very strong taste, and therefore it is permitted.
7. Neharde'ai maintains that even after three days it may not be left out uncovered.
8. If the water is dripping one drop after another, the noise scares away the snakes.
9. A person may eat fruit at night even though he cannot check it for bite marks which would indicate that a snake ate from it.
10. The venom of a young snake sinks to the bottom. Therefore, perhaps the first nine people took a drink from the top of the jug and avoided drinking from the venom. The tenth person may drink from the bottom and ingest the venom of the snake.
11. However, one is permitted to give it to one's own cat to drink. A cat will not die from the venom of a snake. It may not be given to someone else's cat because it may temporarily weaken the cat.
12. Items which were brought to an Avodah Zarah are compared to a Mes. They are Metamei Tum'as Ohel and Tum'as Masa just like a Mes.
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