REVACH L'DAF
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SUMMARY
Anytime the Torah believes one witness we follow the witnesses who are the majority.
If one witness testifies that a Sotah is Temei'ah and two witnesses contradict him the latter two are believed.
If one man testifies that a Sotah is Temei'ah and two women contradict him it is the same as one witness contradicting another witness.
The Parshas Sotah, Viduy Ma'aser, Keri'as Shema, Tefilah, Birchas ha'Mazon, Shevu'as Eidus and Shevu'as Pikadon may be said in any language.
The Mikra Bikurim, Chalitzah, Berachos and Kelalos, Birchas Kohanim, Birchas Kohen Gadol, Parshas ha'Melech, Parshas Eglah Arufah, and the talk of the Mashu'ach Milchamah all must be in Lashon ha'Kodesh.
Six Shevatim went on Har Gerizim for the Berachos and six Shevatim went on Har Eival for the Kelalos and the Kohanim, Leviyim and the Aron were in the middle on the bottom. (1)
When the Leviyim recited a Berachah they turned toward Har Gerizim and the people standing on both Har Gerizim and Har Eival said Amen.
When the Leviyim recited a Kelalah they turned toward Har Eival and the people standing on both Har Gerizim and Har Eival said Amen.
After the Berachos and Kelalos they built a Mizbe'ach, covered it with lime and they wrote the Torah on it in 70 languages.
After they brought Olos and Shelamim they knocked down the Mizbe'ach and they took the stones with them to Gilgal. (2)
It is joviality and immaturity that brings a woman into a situation of Kinuy and Setirah.
The water only affects the Sotah if she is a Meizidah not if she is Shogeges or Oneses.
A person shall recite his praises in a low voice and his pain in a loud voice. (3)
Anytime a person undergoes an unfortunate occurrence he should publicize it so that people will pray for him.
The Chachamim decreed that the Shemoneh Esreh shall be recited quietly so that transgressors will not be embarrassed. (4)
The Chatas and Olah are Shechted in the same place in order not to embarrass transgressors. (5)
The blood of the Chatas is sprinkled on the upper part of the Mizbe'ach and the blood of the Olah is sprinkled on the lower part.
A female animal is used for a Chatas and a male animal is used for an Olah.
A person may bring a Se'irah (goat) or a Kivsah (lamb) for his Chatas.
A Chatas brought for Avodah Zarah must be a Se'irah.
Rebbi says that Keri'as Shema must be recited in Lashon ha'Kodesh and the Chachamim hold that it may be recited in any language.
Keri'as Shema must be recited in order.
It is a Machlokes Tana'im whether one must recite Keri'as Shema loud enough so that he can hear.
A BIT MORE
1. The rest of Klal Yisrael stood on the bottom on both sides of the Aron.
2. They used the stones to erect a Mizbe'ach in Gilgal.
3. This is learned from the praises of Viduy Ma'aser which is stated in a low voice and the pain of the Mikra Bikurim which is stated in a loud voice.
4. The transgressors confess their Aveiros in Shemoneh Esreh and it is embarrassing for others to hear.
5. They are both Shechted in the north of the Azarah so that it will not be apparent that he is bringing a Chatas.
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BRIEF INSIGHT
LOUD DAVENING
The Chachamim decreed that the Shemoneh Esreh shall be recited quietly so that transgressors will not be embarrassed. The Maharsha asks that the Gemara in Berachos states a different reason; that one who raises his voice during Tefilah is one of the Ketanei Emunah and Rashi explains that it is as if he is saying that Hashem Yisbarach will not hear him if he Davens quietly. The Maharsha answers that a person is only regarded as Ketanei Emunah for raising his voice if everyone else is Davening quietly, however if everyone is Davening out loud he would not be regarded as Ketanei Emunah since he is not Davening any louder than anyone else. Therefore the reason of Ketanei Emunah does not explain why the Chachamim decreed that everyone shall Daven quietly.
QUICK HALACHAH
DAVENING PROPERLY
A person shall not raise his voice while Davening Shemoneh Esreh nor shall he Daven in his heart, instead he shall pronounce each word quietly to his own ears. One shall not raise his voice unless he is ill or unless he cannot concentrate otherwise. If he is Davening with a quorum he may not lift his voice even if he cannot concentrate or he is ill so that he will not disturb others. (Rambam Hilchos Tefilah 5:9)
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