(Mishnah): One may build a fence for a roof or a balcony if done in an amateur way, but not if done in a professional way.

One may plaster cracks and smooth it with a wooden roller, using one's hand or foot but not using a metal (builder's) roller.

If a hinge, a pipe, a beam, a lock or a key that broke, one may fix it on Chol Hamoed, as long as he does not wait until the festival to do it (when he will have free time).

It is permitted to pickle vegetables that one would be able to eat during the festival.

(Gemara): For a roof (that is infrequently used, it is enough to build a fence of) three (handbreadths). For a balcony (that is frequently used, one must build a fence of) ten (handbreadths).

The Mishnah had taught: One may plaster cracks.

Beraisa (R. Chiya): One may plaster only with one's foot and one may roll with one's hand.

The Mishnah is discussing a small roller and R. Chiya's Beraisa is discussing a large roller.

The Mishnah had taught: A hinge, a pipe, a beam, a lock or a key that broke, one may fix it on Chol Hamoed, as long as he does not wait until the festival to do it.

It is like the case of R. Mana - a rung on his ladder broke. His father, R. Yona, permitted him to fix it in the regular fashion (on Chol Hamoed).

The Mishnah had taught: It is permitted to pickle vegetables that will be ready to eat during the festival. This means that if they will not be ready to eat during the festival, it is prohibited.

R. Ba: The prohibition in the Mishnah refers to pickling in order to save them, but pickling items (such as vegetables) in order to save them from rotting is permitted.

Beraisa: A person should not go out and pick grasses and sell them in the market, since it is not normal to eat them on the festival. (If they need to be pickled, they will not be ready for the festival.)

Question (Rav Hoshiyah): If you say this, you have thereby permitted tradesmen to work on Chol Hamoed, even if it is not needed for the festival!

Conclusion of question: Did R. Ba not say that pickling is always allowed for something that will rot? (If so, why is it prohibited to sell them in the market - if he does not sell them, they will rot?!)

Answer: The Mishnah is referring to when he picked them on the festival. R. Ba is referring to when he picked them before the festival.

If someone turned his olives over to prepare for pressing (and they will spoil if not pressed quickly), but he was unable to press them because he became a mourner or because his workers did not come or another good reason, R. Yehudah says he may do the minimum pressing to prevent the loss of the olives, and leave the rest for later.

R. Yosi: The entire process may be completed in the regular way.

(Gemara - question): Our Mishnah teaches, "If someone turned over his olives'' and R. Chiya taught in a Beraisa, "If someone's olives were turned over a second time (thereby causing the outer olives to be warmed by the inner ones).

Answer #1: Both the Mishnah and R' Chiya's Beraisa are needed...

If only the Mishnah would have been taught, one would think that it only applies to one who turned them over once, but all would agree that if he turned them over twice, it would be permitted.

If only R. Chiya's Beraisa would have been taught, one would think it only applies to one who turned them over twice, but all would agree if he turned them over once, it would be prohibited.

Answer #2 (R. Pinchas bei R. Zachayei): The Mishnah refers to olives that were in the basin (where they become very hot and soft; therefore, even turning over once would cause them to rot). The Beraisa refers to olives with a tough outer skin (so they will become rotten only if turned over twice).

Rabbanan of Kisarin: The Mishnah explains the opinion of R. Yehudah and R. Chiya's Beraisa explains the opinion of R. Yehudah.

R. Yehudah: Let him have a small loss rather than a large loss. (They only permitted preventing a large loss, but they did not permit completing it since it is only a small loss.)

R. Yosi: They permitted preventing any type of loss.

R. Yehudah bar Pazi quoting R. Yochanan: Just as they disagree here, they disagree in the laws of mourning -

Beraisa (R. Yehudah): The follow things are permitted to do on behalf of a mourner during his days of mourning - pressing his olives, pouring out his wine (from the grapes) into barrels, sealing his barrels. If his mourning began after he had turned over his olives twice, he may grind them in the regular way. If his irrigated field had reached its time for watering, one may water it. One may plant flax in his ploughed field at the time of the first rains.

Chachamim to R. Yehudah: If he does not plant flax, he can plant another crop later; if he does not plant this week, he can plant another week.

Question: Who is the opinion (that disagrees with R. Yehuda bar Pazi)? R. Yosi.

Question: The opinion of R. Yosi has been switched - there (on the festival), he said that one is not concerned for small loss, meaning that one cannot press in the regular way. But here, he permitted grinding for the mourner in the regular way...?

Answer: There, on the festival, (if we permit him grind in the regular way) he will come to act deceitfully (and leave his work until the festival).

Question: There is certainly a switch in the opinion of R. Yehudah - if on the festival, when it is normal to act deceitfully, R. Yehudah permits it; for a mourner, when it is not normal to act deceitfully, certainly he would permit it?!

R. Chinanah: Who is the author of the Beraisa? It is the Chachamim who follow the opinion of R. Yehudah in the law of the festival.