Answer #1 (Rava - Mishnah): (If one said...) 'Nosar', or 'Pigul' (he forbids.)

These are after Zerikah, and it is still binding. This shows that one is Matfis in the initial Isur.

Objection (Rav Huna brei d'Rav Nasan): Perhaps the Mishnah discusses Nosar of an Olah (it is always forbidden).

Question (Rava): If so, the Mishnah should have discussed meat of an Olah (it was forbidden even before it was Nosar)!

Answer (Rav Huna): The Mishnah teaches a bigger Chidush:

Not only Hatfasah in an Olah is forbidden, for surely he is Matfis in Davar ha'Nadur (something that became forbidden through a vow. Only such Hatfasah forbids);

Rather, it teaches about Nosar and Pigul of an Olah. One might have thought that he is Matfis in the Isur of Nosar or Pigul, i.e. Hatfasah in Davar ha'Asur (something forbidden, but not due to a vow), which does not forbid.

Question (against Rav Huna, or Answer #2 - Beraisa): What is Isar mentioned in the Torah (Le'esor Isar Al Nafsho - Bamidbar 30:3)? One said 'I will not eat meat or drink wine like the day my father or Rebbi died, or the day Gedalyah ben Achikam was killed, or the day I saw Yerushalayim in ruin.'

(Shmuel): The case is, he (once) vowed not to eat meat or drink wine on that day.

Question: What is the case?

Answer #1: He said 'I am forbidden today like (e.g.) the first Sunday of Nisan.'

Even though there are many permitted Sundays, we assume that he is Matfis in the initial Isur (the day he vowed)!

Answer (or Rejection): No, Shmuel means that he had already taken a Neder not to eat meat... on any such day (so it is impossible to say that he was Matfis in Heter).

Answer #3 (Ravina - Mishnah): If one said "this is like Chalah (separated from dough and given to sons) of Aharon and his Terumah (from grain, wine and oil)", it is permitted (because these are not totally forbidden. Kohanim may eat them.)

Inference: If he forbade 'like Terumas Lachmei Todah (one loaf of each of the four kinds of bread brought with a Korban Todah; it is given to a Kohen)", it is forbidden.

This is separated after Zerikah (of the Todah), and then the loaves are permitted. (This shows that he is Matfis in the initial Isur before Zerikah!)

Rejection: No. Rather, if he forbade 'like Terumas ha'Lishkah (Shekalim used to buy Korbanos Tzibur)', it is forbidden.

Question: If when he said 'like Terumas Lachmei Todah', it is permitted, the Mishnah should have taught this, and all the more (we would know) "like Terumaso")!

Answer #1: Terumas Lachmei Todah is included in his Terumah (Rosh's text).

Answer #2: Terumas Lachmei Todah could be before Zerikah, even at the time of kneading (and then the vow would forbid. den, and therefore the case was not mentioned);

(Rav Tuvi bar Kisna citing Shmuel): If one baked four loaves for Lachmei Todah, he was Yotzei.

Question: The Torah explicitly requires "forty"!

Answer: That is only l'Chatchilah.

Question: Terumah must be given to a Kohen!

Suggestion: Perhaps he gives one loaf to exempt the rest.

Rejection (Beraisa): "Echad mi'Kol Korban" - one may not separate from one type to exempt another.

Suggestion: Perhaps he gives a piece from each loaf.

Rejection (Mishnah): "Echad" - (he must separate a full loaf,) he may not take a piece.

Answer: Terumah is separated at the time of kneading, one dough from each type. (Shmuel teaches that the remaining nine of each type may be joined and baked together.)

Suggestion: Tana'im argue about this (whether one is Matfis in the initial Isur or in the current Heter):

(Beraisa - R. Yakov): If someone forbade something "like a Bechor," it is forbidden;

R. Yehudah permits.

Question: What is the case?

If it is before Zerikah, R. Yehudah would not permit!

If it is after Zerikah, R. Yakov would not forbid!

Answer: We must say that there is a piece of Chulin next to a piece of Bechor after Zerikah, and he said "this is like this", and the Tana'im argue about this!