Mishnah 1
1)
(a)What do Beis Shamai mean when they say that they allow a Ketanah whose time has not yet arrived, four nights?
(b)Why is that?
(c)What do Beis Hillel say?
(d)How does she know whether the wound has healed or not?
1)
(a)When Beis Shamai say that they allow a Ketanah whose time has not yet arrived (see Tos. Yom-Tov & Tiferes Yisrael), four nights, they mean that - she remains permitted to her husband for the four nights (see Tos. Yom-Tov), even though she is seeing blood ...
(b)... because what she is seeing is the blood of virginity.
(c)Beis Hillel allow her - until the initial wound has healed ...
(d)... which she knows when the blood no longer flows even when she is standing, or even when she sits on a hard surface.
2)
(a)If her time has already arrived (but she has not yet actually seen blood), Beis Shamai allow her one night. What do Beis Hillel say?
(b)What is the significance of Motza'ei Shabbos?
(c)Beis Hillel allows a Ketanah who has already seen blood, the entire first night. What do Beis Shamai say?
2)
(a)If her time has already arrived (but she has not yet actually seen blood), Beis Shamai allow her one night. Beis Hillel say - until Motza'ei Shabbos (four nights [see Tos. Yom-Tov]) ...
(b)... since they used to get married on Wednesday night (as we learn at the beginning of Kesuvos).
(c)Beis Hillel allows a Ketanah who has already seen blood, the entire first night. Beis Shamai say - only the Be'ilas Mitzvah (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
3)
(a)Why is the Din different nowadays?
(b)What then, is the Din nowadays?
3)
(a)The Din is different nowadays - because the women have accepted that whenever they see blood, they are Safek Zavos.
(b)Consequently, the Din nowadays is that - whenever they see blood, they are forbidden to their husbands, and must count seven clean days (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
Mishnah 2
4)
(a)The Mishnah now discusses the days in between, of a Nidah who Toveled at the end of her seven-day period, and discovers a few days later, that she is Tamei. What did she fail to do that creates a problem?
(b)What does separating be'Taharah mean?
(c)What does the Tana Kama say about the days in between, there where she examines herself later and discovers that she is Tamei?
(d)And what will be her status in the event that after examining herself on the seventh day and discovering that she is Tamei, and after failing to separate be'Taharah, she examines herself later and finds that she is Tahor, assuming that she ...
1. ... does not have a Veses?
2. ... has a Veses?
4)
(a)The Mishnah now discusses the days in between, of a Nidah who Toveled at the end of her seven-day period and discovers a few days later that she is Tamei The problem is - there where she failed to separate be-Taharah ...
(b)... meaning that - she did not examine herself during the Bein-ha'Shemashos period prior to the eighth night.
(c)The Tana Kama rules that, in the event that she examines herself later and discovers that she is Tamei - the days in between she has a Chezkas Taharah.
(d)In the event that after examining herself on the seventh day and discovering that she is Tamei, and after failing to separate be'Taharah, she examines herself later and finds that she is Tahor, assuming that she ...
1. ... does not have a Veses - she has a Chezkas Tum'ah and is Metamei Taharos - Me'eis Le'eis and mi'Pekidah li'Pekidah (like we learned at the beginning of the Masechta).
2. ... has a Veses - Dayah Sha'atah (she renders them Tamei only from the moment that the Veses falls due).
5)
(a)R. Yehudah is more stringent. What does he say about any woman who fails to separate be'Taharah?
(b)The Chachamim, on the other hand, are more lenient than the Tana Kama. What do they say about a Nidah who examines herself and who is Tahor, not on the seventh morning, but ...
1. ... on the second morning?
2. ... on the first morning?
(c)Like whom is the Halachah?
5)
(a)R. Yehudah is more stringent. According to him - any woman who fails to separate be'Taharah - from Minchah and onwards has a Chezkas Tum'ah.
(b)The Chachamim, on the other hand, are more lenient than the Tana Kama. They say that even a Nidah who examines herself and who is Tahor, not on the seventh morning, but ...
1. ... on the second morning - and discovers that she is Tahor, has a Chezkas Taharah right up to the time that she examines herself and discovers that she is Tamei, but not if she examined herself ...
2. ... on the first morning.
(c)The Halachah is - like the Chachamim.
Mishnah 3
6)
(a)What does R. Eliezer say about a Zavah who examines herself on the first (see Yos. Yom-Tov) and on the seventh days of the eleven days of Zivus and finds that she is Tahor?
(b)What about a Zav?
(c)R. Yehoshua gives the Zavah only the first and the seventh days. What are the practical ramifications of this ruling?
6)
(a)R. Eliezer rules that a Zavah who examines herself on the first (see Yos. Yom-Tov) and on the seventh days of the eleven days of Zivus and finds that she is Tahor - has a Chezkas Taharah.
(b)And the same applies to a Zav.
(c)R. Yehoshua gives her only the first and the seventh days - which means that she has another five clean days to count.
7)
(a)R. Akiva is more stringent still. What does he say?
(b)On what grounds does he disagree with R. Yehoshua?
(c)Like whom is the Halachah?
7)
(a)R. Akiva - only gives her the seventh day.
(b)He disagrees with Rebbi Yehoshua - based on the fact that she may have seen blood during the intervening days.
(c)The Halachah is - like R. Eliezer.
Mishnah 4
8)
(a)What does the Mishnah say about a Zav, a Zavah, a Nidah and a Yoledes who die with regard to Tum'as Masa?
(b)Who else does the Tana include in the list?
(c)Until when does this ruling apply?
(d)Why is that?
8)
(a)The Mishnah rules that a Zav, a Zavah, a Nidah and a Yoledes who die - are all Metamei Tum'as Masa.
(b)The Tana includes in the list - a Metzora.
(c)This ruling applies - until the flesh decomposes ...
(d)... because then - nobody will confuse it for a live body that has fainted (see Tiferes Yisrael).
9)
(a)What is the problem with the Mishnah's statement as it stands?
(b)How do we resolve it? What does Masa mean in this context?
(c)What is Even Mesama?
(d)Why is a regular Meis not Metamei the Keilim be'Masa?
(e)Then why did Chazal decree specifically in these cases?
9)
(a)The problem with the Mishnah's statement as it stands is that - every Meis is Metamei be'Masa (so why does the Tana see fit to mention these cases).
(b)We resolve it by interpreting Masa (in this context) - as Even Mesama ...
(c)... a large heavy stone that cannot be carried, that is placed on vessels, and on which one of the above is lying [See Tos. Yom-Tov]).
(d)A regular Meis is not Metamei the Keilim be'Masa - because it cannot be carried by him together with the stone.
(e)And the reason that Chazal decreed specifically in these cases - in case one comes to confuse them with a Zav ... who fainted and declare the latter Tahor.
10)
(a)What does the Tana say about a Nochri who dies, with regard to Even Mesamei?
(b)Why the difference between the above and him?
(c)What are the ramifications of Beis Shamai's ruling that all women who die are considered Nidos?
(d)What is the basis of their ruling?
(e)What do Beis Hillel say?
10)
(a)The Tana rules that a Nochri who dies - is not Metamei be'Even Mesamei ...
(b)... because even though during his life-time he is Metamei be'Even Mesamei, just like a Zav) - that is only mi'de'Rabbanan (as opposed to the above, who are Metamei min ha'Torah).
(c)The ramifications of Beis Shamai's ruling that all women who die are considered Nidos are that - any clothes that they wore close to their death require Tevilah ...
(d)... because when they used to Tovel the clothes of Nidos who died, the live Nidos used to feel embarrassed. So they instituted that one should Tovel the clothes of all women who die.
(e)Beis Hillel - do not hold of this Takanah.
Mishnah 5
11)
(a)The Mishnah now discusses blood that emerges from a woman who has died. According to the Tana Kama, what difference does it make whether there is a Reve'is or not?
(b)With which ruling does R. Yehudah disagree?
(c)On what condition does R. Yehudah concede that the blood is Tamei because of Kesem?
(d)R. Yossi is even more lenient than R. Yehudah. What does he say?
(e)Like whom is the Halachah?
11)
(a)The Mishnah now discusses blood that emerges from a woman who has died. According to the Tana Kama, if there is a Reve'is, it is Metamei be'Ohel. Otherwise, it is only Metamei because of Kesem (the bloodstain of a Nidah [see Tos. Yom-Tov])
(b)R. Yehudah disagrees - with the latter ruling, since the blood emerged after the woman died.
(c)He concedes however, that the blood is Tamei because of Kesem - if the woman died during childbirth (because then, the blood emerged before she died [see Tos. Yom-Tov]).
(d)According to R. Yossi, in the earlier case - the blood is not even subject to Tum'as Ohel either.
(e)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.
Mishnah 6
12)
(a)Initially the Chachamim permitted a woman who has given birth and who is sitting al Dam Tahor to pour water which will be used to wash the flesh of the Korban Pesach from one vessel into another vessel. What is the woman's status?
(b)How do we learn this from the Pasuk in Tazri'a "be'Chol Kodesh Lo Siga"?
(c)On what condition did they permit her to do this? What must she be careful not to do?
(d)Bearing in mind that the water is Chulin, on what principle is the latter ruling based?
12)
(a)Initially, says the Tana, the Chachamim permitted a woman who has given birth and who is sitting al Dam Tahor to pour water, which will be used to wash the flesh of the Korban Pesach, from one vessel into another vessel - because, having Toveled on the seventh or the fourteenth day after giving birth, she is a T'vul-Yom (until the night of the forty-first or eighty-first day) who does not render a K'li, Tamei.
(b)We learn this from the Pasuk in Tazri'a "be'Chol Kodesh Lo Siga" - incorporating Terumah (which can become a Shelishi).
(c)They permitted her to do this - provided she is careful not to touch the water (see Tos. Yom-Tov DH 'Haysah ... ').
(d)Bearing in mind that the water is Chulin, this stipulation is based on the principle - Chulin she'Na'asu al Taharas ha'Kodesh, ke'Kodesh Damu.
13)
(a)They later rescinded the previous concession however, by giving her the Din of someone who touches a T'mei Meis. What status does she then have?
(b)Although this is a Chumra, they confined it to Kodshim. What did they now say regarding the same woman, pouring out the water for washing the Korban Pesach? Which earlier principle did they now rescind?
(c)This is the opinion of Beis Hillel. What do Beis Shamai say?
13)
(a)They later rescinded the previous concession however, by giving her the Din of someone who touches a T'mei Meis (see Tos. Yov) - rendering her a Rishon le'Tum'ah regarding Kodshim (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
(b)Although this is a Chumra, they confined it to Kodshim. However - they permitted the same woman to pour out the water for washing the Korban Pesach (because they now held Chulin she'Na'asu al Taharas ha'Kodesh La'av ke'Kodesh Damu' (and a Sheini cannot make a Shelishi in Chulin [see Tos. Yom-Tov]).
(c)This is the opinion of Beis Hillel. According to Beis Shamai - they gave her the Din of a Tamei Meis, who has the status of an Av ha'Tum'ah, to render a Rishon whatever she touches.
Mishnah 7
14)
(a)Both Beis Shamai and Beis Hillel agree that a woman who is sitting al Dam Tohar is permitted to eat Ma'aser Sheini and to separate Chalah from a dough. On what ...
1. ... basis is she permitted to eat Ma'aser Sheini?
2. ... condition is she permitted to separate Chalah?
(b)Why is there no problem with the fact that the dough concerned is Chulin ha'Tevulin le'Chalah?
14)
(a)Both Beis Shamai and Beis Hillel agree that a woman who is sitting al Dam Tohar is permitted to eat Ma'aser Sheini and to separate Chalah from a dough. She is permitted to ...
1. ... eat Ma'aser Sheini - like any other T'vul-Yom, based on the ruling Taval ve'Alah, Ochel be'Ma'aser.
2. ... separate Chalah - provided she does not declare it Chalah before placing it in a K'li.
(b)There no problem with the fact that the dough concerned is Chulin ha'Tevulin le'Chalah - because Chulin ha'Tevulin le'Chalah is not considered Chalah.
15)
(a)What must she do before declaring the dough, Chalah?
(b)What if some of her spit or blood falls on to a loaf of Terumah?
(c)Why is that?
(d)According to Beis Shamai, a Tevulas Yom Aruch is obligated to Tovel again at the end of her period of Taharah. What do Beis Hillel say?
15)
(a)Before declaring the dough, Chalah - she must move the vessel in which she placed it next to the rest of the dough (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
(b)If some of her spit or blood falls on to a loaf of Terumah - it remains Tahor ...
(c)... because the liquids of a T'vul-Yom are not Tamei.
(d)According to Beis Shamai, a Tevulas Yom Aruch is obligated to Tovel again at the end of her period of Taharah; according Beis Hillel - she is not.
16)
(a)On what condition do Beis Hillel concede that a second Tevilah is necessary?
(b)When does she actually Tovel?
(c)This is based on the principle that a Mechusar Kipurim requires Tevilah. Who else do Chazal include in this principle?
16)
(a)Beis Hillel concede that a second Tevilah is necessary - in order to eat Kodshim (see Tos. Yom-Tov) ...
(b)... in which case she Tovels - after having brought her Korban.
(c)This is based on the principle that - a Mechusar Kipurim requires Tevilah - and so does an Onein.
Mishnah 8
17)
(a)The Mishnah now discusses a woman who has a sighting on the eleventh day, who Tovels the following night and who is then intimate with her husband. What is the significance of the eleventh day?
(b)What are the woman's chances of becoming a Zavah Gedolah?
17)
(a)The Mishnah now discusses a woman who has a sighting on the eleventh day, who Tovels the following night and who is then intimate with her husband. The significance of the eleventh day is that - it is the last day of her period of Zivus ...
(b)... in which case she will not become a Zavah Gedolah even if she sees blood on each of the following two days (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
18)
(a)Both the man and the woman are Metamei Mishkav and Moshav. What are the ramifications of this ruling?
(b)Beis Shamai also obligates them to bring a Korban. What do Beis Hillel say?
(c)What is the basis of their Machlokes?
(d)Why do Beis Hillel then concede that they are Tamei?
18)
(a)Both the man and the woman are Metamei Mishkav and Moshav (see Tos. Yov) - to be Metamei food and drink (but not people and vessels).
(b)Beis Shamai also obligates them to bring a Korban; whereas according to Beis Hillel - they are Patur.
(c)The basis of their Machlokes is - whether the eleventh day requires Shimur (Shomeres Yom ke'Neged Yom [Beis- Shamai]) or not (Beis-Hillel).
(d)Beis Hillel nevertheless concede that they are Tamei - mi'de'Rabbanan.
19)
(a)What do Beis Shamai say in a case where the woman Tovels the next day, they are intimate and then she has a sighting?
(b)What is the difference between the status of the man and the woman?
(c)What about a Chiyuv Korban?
(d)Why did the Rabbanan not obligate them to bring a Korban?
(e)What do Beis Hillel say?
19)
(a)In a case where the same woman Tovels the next day, they are intimate and then she has a sighting, Beis Shamai rule that - they are Metamei Mishkav u'Moshav and are Patur from a Korban.
(b)The woman however - is Tameimi'd'Oraysa, whereas the man is only Tamei mi'de'Rabbanan (a decree on account of where the same thing happened in the middle of the eleven days).
(c)However - they are both Patur from bringing a Korban ...
(d)... nor did the Rabbanan obligate them to bring one - in order not to bring Chulin into the Azarah.
(e)Beis Hillel - declare them Tahor.
20)
(a)What do Beis Hillel mean when they refer to the man as greedy?
(b)What do Beis Shamai and Beis Hillel both say in a case where the woman sees blood in the middle of the eleven days, Tovels the following night and then they are intimate?
(c)What if this occurred on the tenth day (in which case she cannot become a Zavah)?
20)
(a)Beis Hillel nevertheless refer to the man as greedy - he rushes to sin, because he is likely to then do the same thing in the middle of the eleven days.
(b)In a case where the woman sees blood in the middle of the eleven days, Tovels the following night and then they are intimate, Beis Shamai and Beis Hillel both agree that - they are Metamei Mishkav and Moshav (mi'd'Oraysa and are Chayav a Korban ...
(c)... even if this occurred on the tenth day (in which case she cannot become a Zavah [see Tos. Yom-Tov]).
21)
(a)If they are intimate on the following day, the Tana refers to it as Tarbus Ra'ah. What does he mean?
(b)And what does he mean when he adds 'u'Maga'an u'Be'ilasan Teluyin'?
(c)What are the ramifications of ...
1. ... Maga'an Teluyin?
2. ... Be'ilasan Teluyin?
21)
(a)If they are intimate on the following day, the Tana refers to it as Tarbus Ra'ah, by which he means - it is a bad thing to do, seeing as she may see blood, in which case, it will combine with the previous day, rendering her Tevilah ineffective.
(b)And when he adds 'u'Maga'an u'Be'ilasan Teluyin', he means that - whatever they have touched after the Tevilah, as well as the Be'ilah, now hang in abeyance until the end of the day.
(c)The ramifications of ...
1. ... Maga'an Teluyin are - regarding Tum'ah and Taharah.
2. ... Be'ilasan Teluyin are - regarding a Korban.
Hadran alach 'Tinokes' ve'Salik Maseches Nidah
