1)

(a)'Arba'ah-Asar she'Chal Liheyos b'Shabbos, Meva'arin es ha'Kol Milifnei ha'Shabbos, Divrei Rebbi Meir' - 'ha'Kol' comes to include Chametz of Terumah.

(b)The Chachamim say - 'bi'Zemano'.

(c)Rebbi Elazar b'Rebbi Tzadok makes a compromise - Terumah before Shabbos (since he will be unable to destroy it on Shabbos, seeing as he may feed neither it to Zarim nor to animals), and Chulin on Shabbos (like Rebbi Elazar ben Yehudah Ish Bartosa on 13a).

2)

(a)Someone who is on his way to his Se'udas Erusin - when he remembers that he has Chametz at home, has the same Din as someone who is on his way to Shecht the Korban Pesach or to fulfill the Mitzvah of Bris Milah, who are not Chayav to return home to destroy the Chametz, unless they have time to do so and then to perform the Mitzvah on hand.

(b)The reason that they are not obligated to go home and burn the Chametz when there is not sufficient time to perform both Mitzvos - is because he can do Bitul Chametz, and min ha'Torah, Bitul Chametz is sufficient.

(c)The Din of somebody who is on his way to save his fellow-Jew's life or property differs from the above - inasmuch as he is obligated to return home even if there is time for him to accomplish both missions.

(d)Someone who is on his way to the border, to wait for nightfall in order to fix an Eruv Techumin that is not for a Mitzvah - is obligated to return home, to perform Bi'ur Chametz, even if he does not have time to accomplish both missions.

3)

(a)Someone who has carried Kodesh meat outside the walls of Yerushalayim is obligated to go back as long as he has not passed Tzofim (a village from which one could still see Yerushalayim); once he had, he was permitted to burn it wherever he remembered.

(b)If he does need to return - he burns the piece of flesh outside the Beis ha'Mikdash (since Kodshim must be destroyed in the location where they may be eaten, and, since we are speaking about Kodshim Kalim - see Tosfos Yom-Tov and Tiferes Yisrael - which are eaten in Yerushalayim, they must also be burnt in Yerushalayim. Chazal allowed him to use wood that was designated for the Mizbe'ach.

(c)Both someone who returns to burn his Chametz and someone who returns to burn Kodshim, only need to do so of there is at least a k'Beitzah, according to Rebbi Meir, and a k'Zayis, according to Rebbi Yehudah.

(d)The Chachamim give the Shi'ur as a k'Zayis for Kodesh meat and a k'Beitzah for Chametz.

4)

(a)In the first answer, the Gemara establishes the author of our Mishnah, which considers Se'udas Erusin a Mitzvah, to be Rebbi Yosi, whereas the author of the Beraisa, which considers it a Se'udas Reshus, is Rebbi Yehudah. Alternatively, both go like Rebbi Yehudah, who admits that the first Se'udah is a Mitzvah. Consequently, our Mishnah speaks about the first Se'udah after the engagement, the Beraisa, about the second Se'udah.

(b)After the Se'udas Erusin, the Chasan would send the Kalah gifts, and they would make other Se'udos; these were called Se'udos Savlonos.

(c)According to Rebbi Yochanan, when Rebbi Shimon says in a Beraisa that a Talmid-Chacham is not permitted to attend a Se'udah she'Einah shel Mitzvah - he means a Se'udas Erusin of a Bas Kohen to a Yisrael or of a Bas Talmid-Chacham to a bas Am ha'Aretz.

(d)If a Bas Kohen is married to a Yisrael or a Bas Talmid-Chacham to an Am ha'Aretz - either she will become a widow, or get divorced or she will have no children, or make him poor.

5)

(a)When Rebbi Yochanan said that someone who marries a Bas Kohen is destined to become wealthy - he was referring to a Talmid-Chacham, whereas the marriage of a Bas Kohen to a Yisrael in the previous question referred to a Yisrael Am ha'Aretz.

(b)

1. Rebbi Yehoshua, who became sick - blamed this on the fact that he was married to a Bas Kohen (for which he was now being punished).

2. Rav Idi bar Avin, who had two sons who received Semichah - ascribed that to the fact that he married a Bas Kohen (which he considered to be a big merit) - and so did ...

3. ... Rav Papa, who became wealthy.

4. Rav Kahana, who had to flee into exile in a most unusual manner - blamed this on the fact that he was married to a Bas Kohen.

(c)We learn from the Pasuk in Amos: "v'Ochlim Karim mi'Tzon v'Agalim Mitoch Marbek ... Lachen Ata Yigalu b'Rosh Kol Golim" - that someone who regularly attends parties that are not Se'udos Mitzvah, will go into exile (like the ten tribes did - for that very reason).

(d)Besides the destruction of their houses, and death of their spouses and children - Talmidei-Chachamim who spend too much time at the dinner-table, can expect to forget all their learning, get involved in major disputes and not be taken any notice of; they desecrate the Name of Hash-m, the name of their father and of their Rebbe and they stigmatizes their own name as well as that of their descendants.

6)

(a)A person should be willing to sell all his assets in order to marry the daughter of a Talmid-Chacham - in case he dies or is forced to go into exile, because he can be rest assured that his wife will educate their children to become Talmidei-Chachamim.

(b)

1. ... 'Invei ha'Gefen b'Invei ha'Gefen' - refers to a Talmid-Chacham who marries a Bas Talmid-Chacham, or who marries his daughter to a Talmid-Chacham. This is something nice and acceptable.

2. ... 'Invei ha'Gefen b'Invei ha'S'neh' (inedible berries) - refers to a Talmid-Chacham who marries a Bas Am ha'Aretz. This is something ugly.

(c)the daughter of Gedolei ha'Dor - means the daughter of men of good deeds and righteous men.

(d)Finally, should he not succeed in finding the daughter of one of the above three, he should seek the daughter of a Gabai Tzedakah, or of a children's Rebbe.

7)

(a)The Beraisa describes Amei ha'Aretz as an abomination, their wives as a creepy-crawly (since they are not careful in the performance of Mitzvos), and about their daughters, the Torah writes in Ki Savo "Cursed be the one who lies with an animal".

(b)The daughter of an Am ha'Aretz is compared to an animal - because, like an animal, she does not understand the difference between what is right and what is wrong (particularly with regard to the Dinim of Nidah, evident form the Pasuk itself - see also Agados Maharsha in Eruvin 55b).

(c)We learn from "Zos Toras ha'Behemah v'ha'Of" - that it is only someone who studies Torah who is permitted to eat the meat of animals and birds, but not an Am ha'Aretz (man is only permitted to eat animals because they are superior to them, but not Amei ha'Aretz, who are on a par with them).

8)

(a)Rebbi Elazar forbids accompanying an Am ha'Aretz on a journey - because, if he doesn't care about his own life, why should he care about somebody else's?

(b)The reason that he said 'tear him apart' and not 'Shecht him' - is because 'to Shecht him' implies with a Berachah, and he is not even worthy that a Berachah should be made on his account.

9)

(a)When Rebbi Akiva was an Am ha'Aretz, he used to say - 'Give me a Talmid-Chacham, and I will bite him like a donkey'!

(b)He said 'like a donkey' and not 'like a dog' - because a donkey breaks a bone with its bite whereas a dog does not.

(c)Rebbi Meir compares someone who marries off his daughter to an Am ha'Aretz, to tying her up in front of a lion - because just like a lion does not wait to eat its prey until it is dead, so too, is an Am ha'Aretz Bo'el without first appeasing his wife (ignoring or ignorant of the Mitzvah to first put one's wife in the right mood before Be'ilah).

(d)The only reason that the Amei-ha'Aretz did not kill the Talmidei-Chachamim is because they needed them for commerce.

10)

(a)The Beraisa quoted by Rebbi Chiya, compares someone who studies Torah in the presence of an Am ha'Aretz - to someone who is Bo'el someone else's betrothed wife before him, because the Torah writes in v'Zos ha'Berachah "Torah Tzivah Lanu Moshe Morashah Kehilas Yakov" - 'Al Tikri Morashah, Ela Me'orasah', to teach us that the Torah is betrothed to all Jews.

(b)The wives of the Amei-ha'Aretz hate Talmidei-Chachamim even more than their husbands.

(c)The Am ha'Aretz who hates the Talmid-Chacham the most is the one who originally learnt Torah but stopped.

11)

(a)The remaining three things said about an Am ha'Aretz are: that one does not appoint him as an Apotropos (agent) on behalf of orphans or over the Tzedakah funds; and one may not accompany him on a journey.

(b)The Tana Kama maintains that one does return the lost articles of an Am ha'Aretz - because sometimes, he has righteous descendants, who deserve to inherit whatever the Am-ha'Aretz bequeaths them.

12)

(a)By 'Muchlefes ha'Shitah' - Rebbi Yochanan means that we will have to switch the opinions of Rebbi Yehudah and Rebbi Meir, either here in Pesachim, or in Berachos - probably here.

(b)

1. Rebbi Meir explains that "v'Achalta" means a k'Zayis (as Achilah always does), and "v'Sa'Va'ta", that one should also drink something before "u'Verachta".

2. Rebbi Yehudah explains "v'Achalta v'Sa'Va'ta" - 'Achilah she'Yesh Bah Sevi'ah' (i.e. a k'Beitzah), and then "u'Verachta".

(c)Rebbi Meir compares the Din of having to return to burn the Chametz or the piece of Kodshim - to its Tum'ah (and the Shi'ur of Kabalas Tum'ah by food is a k'Beitzah). Rebbi Yehudah, on the other hand, compares it to the Isur (i.e. the punishment for eating Chametz or Kodshim that left its Mechitzah), and the Shi'ur Isur is a k'Zayis.

13)

(a)Rebbi Nasan gives the Shi'ur for having to return both by Chametz and by Basar Kodesh, as two k'Beitzim.