1)

(a)What is the point of creating a situation of Rov Teme'im? - asks the Gemara. What is wrong with each group bringing the Pesach independently, which is Rav's ruling by Mechtzah Al Mechtzah?

(b)Rav's reason cannot be because he holds like Rebbi Elazar ben Masya, and he is speaking when there is already one Tamei person more than the Tehorim - because, in that case, we can ask the same question again: What is wrong with each group bringing the Pesach independently, like by Mechtzah Al Mechtzah?

(c)The Gemara finally explains Rav, that if there is anyone who holds both like the Tana Kama of the Beraisa (who says that each group brings the Pesach independently), and like Rebbi Yehudah (who rules 'Ein Korban Tzibur Chaluk'), then the only compromise will be to be Metamei one person with a Sheretz.

2)

(a)Ula disagrees with Rav - because he holds 'Shochtin v'Zorkin Al Tamei Sheretz', in which case nothing will be gained by being Metamei someone, seeing as he will still be able to bring his Pesach through a Sheli'ach.

(b)He therefore suggests that one sends someone away, thereby exempting him from bringing the Pesach, creating a situation of Rov Teme'im.

(c)Being Metamei him with a Mes and sending him away have the same advantage inasmuch as he will able to bring the Pesach Sheni. The advantage of sending him away lies in the Chagigah (of the fifteenth), which the latter will be able to perform, but the former will not. Why not? Because Ula is of the opinion that the opportunity to bring the Chagigah on the subsequent days of Pesach is not simply an extension of the Mitzvah for another six days, but an opportunity to compensate the Mitzvah that fell due on the first day. Consequently, someone who was Tamei and therefore not Chayav on the first day of Pesach, has nothing to compensate, and is Patur from Chagigah on the other days.

3)

(a)The distinct advantage of Rav's method over Ula's - is that nobody will want to gather his belongings and leave town, when he has the option of just touching a Sheretz and going to Mikvah (see Tosfos DH 'Akar').

4)

(a)If the majority of the Tzibur were Zavin, and the minority Teme'ei Mes, the latter do not bring the Pesach Rishon - because they are in the minority, and it is only when the majority are Tamei Mes that they bring the Pesach b'Tum'ah. Nor do they bring the Pesach Sheni - because the Pesach Sheni is only brought if the Pesach Rishon was brought first.

(b)Rav will explain the Pasuk "v'Ya'asu Bnei Yisrael es ha'Pasach b'Mo'ado" when it is possible; but not when it is not, just as even Shmuel would have to agree if all of Yisrael were Zavin.

5)

(a)When Rav Huna said 'Ein Tashlumin l'Pesach ha'Ba b'Tum'ah' - he was referring to a case where the majority of Yisrael were Teme'ei Mes, and the minority, Zavin. And what he meant was - that, since it was a Pesach ha'Ba b'Tum'ah, the Zavin do not bring the Pesach Sheni either.

(b)Rav Ada Bar Ahavah holds 'Yesh Tashlumin l'Pesach ha'Ba b'Tum'ah' - and the Zavin do bring the Pesach Sheni.

(c)The Gemara initially attempts to explain that Rav Huna holds 'Tum'ah Dechuyah b'Tzibur' (and we do not consider the Teme'ei Mes as if they were Tahor); whereas Rav Ada bar Ahavah holds 'Tum'ah Hutrah b'Tzibur' (and we consider the Teme'ei Mes as if they were Tahor).

(d)The Gemara concludes that, according to both opinions, 'Tum'ah Dechuyah b'Tzibur', and whereas Rav Huna holds that it is only a Pesach ha'Ba b'Taharah that pushes the minority to bring a Pesach Sheni, Rav Ada bar Ahavah maintains that even a Pesach ha'Ba b'Tum'ah does, too.

6)

(a)According to Rav Mani bar Patish, if one third of the Tzibur are Zavin, one third, Tahor and one third, Tamei Mes, the Teme'ei Mes do not bring ...

1. ... the Pesach Rishon - because against the third who are Zavin plus the third who are Tahor, the Teme'ei Mes form the minority, who do not bring the Pesach Rishon.

2. ... the Pesach Sheni - because together with the third who are Zavin, they form the majority who did not bring the Rishon, and the majority do not bring the Pesach Sheni.

7)

(a)If after the Kohen sprinkled the blood, it was discovered that the Pesach or the blood was Tamei, the Pesach is Kasher - because the Tzitz atones for Tum'ah.

(b)This does not apply to a case where the owners were discovered to have been Tamei Mes - because the Torah ordered anyone who is unfit to bring the Pesach Rishon, to bring a Pesach Sheni.

(c)We learn from the Pasuk "v'Chi Yamus Mes ... va'ha'Yamim ha'Rishonim Yiplu" - that a Nazir too, who became Tamei before he brought his Korbanos, is not Yotzei, and is obligated to begin his period of Nezirus all over again.

(d)Tum'as ha'Tehom is when there is a buried corpse of which nobody was previously aware, and which only became known to the owner of the Korban Pesach after he had already brought it, or to the Nazir after he had brought his Korbanos. He will have fulfilled his obligation, and does not to to bring a fresh Korban - Halachah l'Moshe mi'Sinai.

8)

(a)According to Ravina, the Beraisa: 'Al Mah ha'Tzitz Meratzeh, Al ha'Dam v'Al ha'Basar, v'Al ha'Chelev she'Nitma Bein b'Shogeg Bein b'Meizid' ... is confined to Tum'ah; the Zerikah however, is only effective if it was performed b'Shogeg, but not b'Meizid (i.e. when he knew that he was Tamei, as is implied by our Mishnah).

(b)Rav Shilo explains ...

1. ... 'Bein b'Shogeg, Bein b'Meizid' of the Beraisa to refer exclusively to the Tum'ah; but as for the Zerikah, it makes no difference whether it was performed b'Shogeg or b'Meizid.

2. ... the Tana of our Mishnah says 'Dam she'Nizrak v'Achar-Kach Noda' - not because there is any difference between Shogeg and Meizid (as we thought at first), but because he wants to write in the Seifa 'Nitma ha'Guf, Ein ha'Tzitz Meratzeh, which pertains even to 'Nizrak v'Achar-Kach Noda (Shogeg); so he presented that case in the Reisha.

(c)The Tana of the Beraisa writes 'Al Mah ha'Tzitz Meratzeh ... Bein b'Yachid, Bein b'Tzibur'. Clearly, the Tzitz atones for both.

9)

(a)Rami bar Chama asks whether the Halachah of Tum'as ha'Tehom extends to the Kohen who discovered that he was Tamei Tum'as ha'Tehom whilst bringing someone's Korban Pesach or Shalmei Nazir, or whether Tum'as ha'Tehom is restricted to the owner of the Korban concerned.

(b)Assuming Rebbi Chiya's intention (in confining Tum'as ha'Tehom to Tum'as Mes) is to preclude Tum'as Sheretz from Tum'as ha'Tehom, he cannot possibly be referring to Tum'as ha'Tehom by a Nazir - due to the Pasuk "Ki Yamus Mes Alav", which teaches us that even in the case of Vaday Tum'ah, it is only Tum'as Mes that causes a Nazir to demolish the days of Nezirus that he has already kept, but not Tum'as Sheretz, how much more so Safek!

(c)Rebbi Chiya might well be referring to the owner of a Korban Pesach who became Tamei Tum'as ha'Tehom of a Sheretz, according to those who hold 'Shochtin v'Zorkin Al Tamei Sheretz', since according to them, even a Vaday Tamei Sheretz is Kasher, how much more so a Safek!

(d)Establishing that Rebbi Chiya comes to preclude the owner of a Korban Pesach who became Tamei Tum'as ha'Tehom of Zivah on his seventh day is not the same as establishing it by a Tamei Sheretz - because a Tamei Sheretz will definitely be fit to eat the Pesach that night (so, according to those who hold 'Shochtin v'Zorkin Al Tamei Sheretz', if a Vaday Tamei Sheretz is permitted, why should a Safek not be?); whereas a Zav on his seventh day can only be compared to a Tamei Sheretz if he does not subsequently have a sighting of Tum'ah; if he does, then he will be obligated to begin his period of Nezirus again. And that is the case that Rebbi Chiya is coming to preclude from the Din of Tum'as ha'Tehom.