PESACHIM 91 (8 Adar) - This Daf has been sponsored in honor of the Yahrzeit of Sarah bas Baruch Hersh Rosenbaum, who passed away on 8 Adar I 5776. Dedicated by her loving husband, Zev Dov Rosenbaum.

1)

(a)What is ...

1. ... an Onan (min ha'Torah)? Is there a Din Onan on the night following the death?

2. ... a Mefake'ach es ha'Gal?

(b)May they eat the Korban Pesach if a Sheli'ach Shechts it on their behalf?

(c)Why can one not Shecht a Pesach solely for either of the above, or for an old or sick person who are currently able to eat a k'Zayis of roasted meat?

(d)All of the above are Patur from Pesach Sheni, should the expected occur - except for one case. Which one?

1)

(a)

1. Min ha'Torah, a person is an Onan on the day that one of his seven relatives dies (or is buried), but not the following night - even if the deceased has not been buried yet.

2. 'Mefake'ach es ha'Gal' means someone who is digging up a pile of rubble that fell on a person, and it is not known whether he is alive or dead.

(b)Both of the above may eat the Korban Pesach if a Sheli'ach Shechted it on their behalf.

(c)The Sheli'ach may not however, Shecht a Pesach solely for either of the above, or for an old or sick person who are currently able to eat a k'Zayis of roasted meat - because we are afraid that the Onan in his grief, will touch his deceased relation, the person buried underneath the pile of rubble will turn out to be dead, and the old or sick person will take a turn for the worse, and be unable to eat it.

(d)The only case of those mentioned above who will be Chayav to bring a Pesach Sheni is the Mefake'ach es ha'Gal - because, should the person buried underneath turn out to be dead, the digger will be Tamei retroactively.

2)

(a)What do we learn from the Pasuk in Tzefanyah "She'eiris Yisrael Lo Ya'asu Avlah v'Lo Yedabru Chazav", and how does this qualify the one case in our Mishnah not mentioned above?

(b)Which three cases of imprisonment exist in Jewish law?

(c)In which case may one Shecht solely even for a Jew who is imprisoned by non-Jews?

(d)We learnt earlier that if someone Shechted the Pesach solely on behalf of someone who is clearing away a pile of rubble in search of a body that is buried underneath, he remains Chayav to bring a Pesach Sheni. In which case will he too, be Patur?

2)

(a)We learn from the Pasuk "She'eiris Yisrael Lo Ya'asu Avlah v'Lo Yedabru Chazav" that Jews keep their word. Consequently, the prohibition to Shecht solely for someone whom they promised to set free from jail, because the promise may not be fulfilled, is confined to a non-Jewish jail, but if Jewish jailers promise to set a man free, one may Shecht for him alone, because a Jew keeps his word.

(b)One imprisons a Jew, either to force him to divorce a wife that is forbidden to him, or to make him pay a debt that has fallen due, or if he struck someone a blow from which he is likely to die (until he either recovers or dies).

(c)One may Shecht solely even for a Jew who is imprisoned by non-Jews - if he is imprisoned within the wall of Beis Pagi (where one is still permitted to eat Kodshim Kalim).

(d)If one Shechted the Pesach solely on behalf of someone who is clearing away a pile of rubble from a long pit in search of a body that is buried underneath - he is Patur from bringing the Pesach Sheni - because he may well not have leaned over it until after the Shechitah.

3)

(a)Rebbi Yehudah learns from the Pasuk in Re'eh "Lo Suchal Lizbo'ach es ha'Pesach b'Achad She'arecha" that one cannot Shecht the Pesach for just one person. What does Rebbi Yosi say about that?

(b)Why does Rebbi Yosi add (in our Mishnah) that even if there are a hundred who cannot eat the Pesach, one may not Shecht for them?

3)

(a)Rebbi Yosi permits Shechting a Korban Pesach for a single owner.

(b)When Rebbi Yosi adds (in our Mishnah) that even if there are a hundred who cannot eat the Pesach, one may not Shecht for them - he is saying that the criterion is not how many people one is Shechting for, (because even if one Shechts for a hundred people who are not able to eat a k'Zayis, one is not Yotzei), but on the eating - so one may even Shecht for one person, as long as he is able to eat it.

4)

(a)With regard to the Pasuk of "Lo Suchal" quoted in 3a., Rebbi Yosi explains it like Rebbi Shimon. What Lav does Rebbi Shimon derive from there?

(b)In light of that, how does he explain "b'Achad She'arecha"?

(c)From where does Rebbi Yehudah learn Rebbi Shimon's Derashah?

(d)What does Rebbi Yosi learn from the Pasuk "Ish Le'fi Ochlo"?

4)

(a)Rebbi Shimon derives from the Pasuk "Lo Suchal Lizbo'ach es ha'Pesach b'Achad She'arecha" - that it was forbidden to Shecht the Korban Pesach at a time when the Bamos were forbidden (even in a case where there was no Kares for Shechting outside the Azarah i.e. before mid-day).

(b)"b'Achad She'arecha", according to him, means that it was only forbidden as long as Yisrael entered the Mishkan through one gate (i.e. when there was a Mishkan, or after the Beis Hamikdash was built, and the Bamos were forbidden), but not when there was no Mishkan and the Bamos were permitted.

(c)Rebbi Yehudah learns Rebbi Shimon's Derashah, as well as his own, from the same Pasuk ("b'Achad She'arecha") - presumably the one from the juxtaposition of "b'Achad" to 'es ha'Pesach", and the other from its juxtaposition to "She'arecha").

(d)Rebbi Yosi learns from "Ish Le'fi Ochlo" that one may even Shecht the Pesach for one person.

5)

(a)Rebbi Yehudah does not permit the Shechitah of the Pesach for a single person. Then how will we explain his statement in a Beraisa 'Ishah ba'Rishon Shochtin Aleha Bifnei Atzmah, u'va'Sheni, Osin Osah Tefeilah la'Acheirim' ... ?

(b)How will we then interpret our Mishnah, which says 'Ein Osin Chaburas Nashim, va'Avadim u'Ketanim', according to Rebbi Yehudah?

5)

(a)We amend Rebbi Yehudah's statement in the Beraisa to read not 'Ishah ba'Rishon Shochtin Aleha Bifnei Atzmah", but Bifnei Atzman' - meaning that a group comprising only women is permitted.

(b)The Mishnah 'Ein Osin Chaburas Nashim, va'Avadim u'Ketanim' - precludes a group that comprises either women and slaves or children and slaves - due the possible immoral ramifications of such a condition.

91b----------------------------------------91b

6)

(a)In the above Beraisa, Rebbi Yehudah said (with regard to women) 'u'va'Sheni, Osin Osah Tefeilah la'Acheirim'. Why is that?

(b)What does Rebbi Yosi say about a woman's obligation vis-a-vis the Korban Pesach?

(c)Rebbi Shimon is extremely lenient with regard to a woman's obligation to bring the Korban Pesach. What does he say?

(d)If Rebbi Yehudah obligates women to bring the Pesach Rishon from the Pasuk in Bo "b'Mishsas Nefashos", what does he derive from the Pasuk in Beha'aloscha ...

1. ..."Chet'o Yisa ha'Ish Hahu"?

2. ... "k'Chol Chukas ha'Pesach Ya'asu Oso"?

6)

(a)In the above Beraisa, Rebbi Yehudah said (with regard to women) u'va'Sheni, Osin Osah Tefeilah la'Acheirim' - because, in his opinion, women only bring the Pesach Sheni in a voluntary capacity. Consequently, a group bringing the Pesach Sheni cannot comprise only women.

(b)According to Rebbi Yosi, a woman is also obligated to bring the Pesach Sheni.

(c)Rebbi Shimon says that women only bring the Korban Pesach Rishon in a voluntary capacity; whereas the Sheni they do not bring at all.

(d)Rebbi Yehudah derives from the Pasuk ...

1. ..."Chet'o Yisa ha'Ish Hahu" - that a woman who did not bring the Pesach Sheni is not Chayav (i.e. she is not obligated to bring the Pesach Sheni).

2. ... "k'Chol Chukas ha'Pesach Ya'asu Oso" - that at least, she can volunteer to bring it.

7)

(a)What does Rebbi Yosi learn from ...

1. ... "b'Michsas Nefashos"?

2. ... "v'Nichresah ha'Nefesh Hahi mi'Yisrael" (written by Pesach Sheni)?

(b)What does he then do with the Pasuk "Chet'o Yisa ha'Ish Hahu"?

(c)What does Rebbi Shimon learn from ...

1. ... the word "Ish" written by Pesach Rishon (which "Ish" we shall see - in 8d.)?

2. ... "b'Michsas Nefashos"?

3. ... "Chet'o Yisa ha'Ish Hahu"?

(d)From where does Rebbi Shimon know that the latter Pasuk does not come to exempt women from the obligation of bringing the Pesach Sheni?

7)

(a)Rebbi Yosi learn from ...

1. ... "b'Michsas Nefashos" - that women are Chayav to bring the Pesach Rishon.

2. ... "v'Nichresah ha'Nefesh Hahi mi'Yisrael" - that they are also Chayav to bring Pesach Sheni.

(b)He learns from "Chet'o Yisa ha'Ish Hahu" - that a child who became Bar-Mitzvah after the Pesach Rishon, and then failed to bring the Sheni, is Patur from Kares (see Tosfos DH 'Ish").

(c)Rebbi Shimon learns from ...

1. ... the word "Ish" written by Pesach Rishon - "Ish" 've'Lo Ishah'.

2. ... "b'Michsas Nefashos" - that she may nevertheless bring it voluntarily.

3. ... "Chet'o Yisa ha'Ish Hahu" (written by Pesach Sheni) - to preclude women from the Pesach Sheni altogether.

(d)According to Rebbi Shimon, this Pasuk cannot be coming to exempt women from the obligation of bringing the Pesach Sheni - because, since they are not even obligated to bring the Pesach Rishon, how could they possibly be obligated to bring the Pesach "Sheni?

8)

(a)What do we learn from the Pasuk in Bo "v'Yikchu Lahem Ish Seh la'Veis Avos, Seh la'Bayis"?

(b)Rebbi Yosi holds like Rebbi Shimon (that one cannot Shecht a Pesach on a Bamas Yachid). In which regard does Rebbi Shimon hold like Rebbi Yosi?

(c)What do they both learn from "Ish Lefi Ochlo"?

(d)And what does Rebbi Shimon learn from "Ish Le'fi Ochlo""?

8)

(a)We learn from the Pasuk "v'Yikchu Lahem Ish Seh la'Veis Avos, Seh la'Bayis" - that a Katan cannot acquire something on behalf of others (even if someone hands it to them expressly for that purpose - Tosfos DH 'Ish Zocheh').

(b)Rebbi Shimon holds like Rebbi Yosi - with regard to 'Shochtin es ha'Pesach Al ha'Yachid' (otherwise he should rather have learned from "Lo Suchal Lizbo'ach es ha'Pesach b'Achad ..." that 'Ein Shochtin es ha'Pesach Al ha'Yachid', like Rebbi Yehudah, rather than his Derashah forbidding Shechting the Pesach on a Bamas Yachid).

(c)They both learn from "Ish Lefi Ochlo" - 'Shochtin es ha'Pesach Al ha'Yachid'.

(d)Rebbi Shimon learns from "Ish Le'fi Ochlo" - that women are Patur from Pesach Rishon.

9)

(a)Rebbi Elazar rules like Rebbi Yehudah. How do we amend Rebbi Elazar's statement: 'Ishah ba'Rishon Chovah, u'va'Sheni Reshus, v'Docheh Shabbos'?

(b)What does Rebbi Yochanan say regarding a group consisting entirely of converts?

9)

(a)We invert the first two statements of Rebbi Elazar's statement ('Ishah ba'Rishon Chovah, u'va'Sheni Reshus, v'Docheh Shabbos') - to read 'Ishah ba'Sheni Reshus u'va'Rishon Chovah, v'Docheh Shabbos'.

(b)Rebbi Yochanan says that a group should not comprise only converts - because, for the most part, they are not learned, in which case, due to the excessive scrupulousness, they are likely to cause the Pesach to become Pasul.

10)

(a)'Pesach, Matzah u'Maror ba'Rishon Chovah, Mika'n va'Eilech, Reshus. Rebbi Shimon Omer, ba'Anashim Chovah, u've'Nashim Reshus'. From where do we know that women are also obligated to eat Matzah on the first night of Pesach?

(b)In that case, how will we now amend the statement of Rebbi Shimon?

10)

(a)We know that women are also obligated to eat Matzah on the first night of Pesach - from the Pasuk in Re'eh "Lo Sochal Alav Chametz, Shiv'as Yamim Tochal Matzos", which teaches us that whoever is included in the Lav of not eating Chametz (i.e. even women, who are Chayav to observe all La'vin), is also included in the Mitzvah of eating Matzos.

(b)We now amend the statement of Rebbi Shimon - to read 'Rebbi Shimon Omer, Pesach ba'Anashim Chovah, u've'Nashim Reshus'

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