1)

(a)Someone who fails to bring the Korban Pesach because he is ...

1. ... Tamei or far from Yerushalayim, as well as someone who is ...

2. ... a Shogeg or an Oneis (See Tos. Yom-Tov) - is obligated to bring Peach Sheini.

(b)The difference between the two sets is - that whereas the former is not subject to Kareis, even if he fails to bring the Pesach Sheini, the latter is.

(c)This difference is based - on the fact that whereas the Torah exempts the former completely from the Pesach Rishon, it does not exempt the latter.

(d)We learn this from the Pasuk in Beha'aloscha "ve'ha'Ish asher Hu Tahor u've'Derech Lo Hayah ve'Chadal La'asos ha'Pesach ve'Nichr'sah ... " - which implies that only Tamei and Derech Rechokah are not subject to Kareis, but not Shogeg and Oneis.

(e)This by virtue of the fact that the Torah mentions only Tamei (See Tos. Yom-Tov) and Derech Rechokah specifically.

2)

(a)Rebbi Akiva defines "Derech Rechokah" as from Modi'in (or Moda'is) and beyond, and the same distance all the way round Yerushalayim. Modi'in is situated - fifteen Mil from Yerushlayim ...

(b)... the distance a person walks (on a regular spring or autumn day of twelve hours) from sunrise and the onset of Bein ha'Arbayim (the time that one Shechts the Korban Pesach).

(c)Rebbi Eliezer defines "Derech Rechokah" as - 'from the threshold of the Azarah and outwards.

3)

(a)Rebbi Yossi explains the dot on the 'Hey' of "Rechokah" in support of Rebbi Eliezer to teach us - that "Rechokah" is not meant to be taken literally, but only from the threshold of the Azarah.

(b)The 'Hey' signifies that even if he is only five Amos away from the Azarah (See also Tos. Yom-Tov) when Bein ha'Arbayim begins, he falls under the category of Derech Rechokah ...

(c)... and is Patur from Kareis, whereas according to Rebbi Akiva - once he passes Modi'in, he has the Din of a Shogeg or an Oneis, should he not manage to reach the Azarah in time.

(d)The Halachah is - like Rebbi Akiva.

4)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses the differences between a Korban Pesach Rishon and a Korban Pesach Sheini. We learn from the word "Oso" (in the Pasuk in Beha'aloscha [in connection with the Korban Pesach Sheini] "ke'Chol Chukas ha'Pesach Ya'asu oso") that - the Pesach Sheini must resemble the Pesach Rishon only as regards Mitzvos that concern the body of the Korban ...

(b)... such as - eating it roasted and together with Matzah and Maror (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

(c)They are not the same however, regarding 'Mitzvos she'al Gufo mi'Makom Acher' - incorporating the Mitzvas Asei of - "Tashbisu" (destroying one's Chametz) and the Mitzvas Lo Sa'aseh of - "Lo Sishchat al Chametz Dam Zivchi" (not to Shecht the Pesach whilst one has Chametz in one's possession).

5)

(a)The Tana specifically lists two differences between the two Pesachim (See Tos. Yom-Tov). One of them is that Pesach Rishon is subject to the La'av of bal Yera'eh u'bal Yimatzei; whereas Pesach Sheini - one is permitted to eat even if he has Matzah and Chametz with him in the house.

(b)The second difference is - that one need not recite Hallel whilst eating it.

(c)We learn this from the Pasuk in Yeshayah "ha'Shir ha'Zeh Yih'yeh lachem ke'Leil Hiskadesh Chag" - which implies that it is only on a night which is a Yom-Tov (i.e. Seider-night) that one recites Hallel, but not on the night of Pesach Sheini.

6)

(a)We know that Pesach Sheini also requires the recital of Hallel whilst it is being sacrificed - from the same Pasuk, which implies that it is only the night of Pesach Sheini that is precluded from the recital, but not the day.

(b)The other similarity listed by the Mishnah is - that it overrides Shabbos (See Tiferes Yisrael).

7)

(a)The Mishnah precludes Zavin and Zavos, Nidos and Yoldos (See Tos. Yom-Tov) from eating from a Pesach ha'Ba be'Tum'ah.

(b)He learns this from the word "Ish" (in the Pasuk in Beha'aloscha) "Ish Ish ki Yih'yeh Tamei la'Nefesh ... ") - that it is only regarding Tum'as Meis that a Tzibur is not pushed off to Pesach Sheini, but not Zavin and Zavos ... '.

(c)We learn from the juxtaposition of the Pasuk "ve'ha'Nefesh asher Tochal Kol Basar ve'Tum'aso alav, ve'Nichr'sah" to "Kol Tahor Yochal Basar" - that on the other hand, it is only Basar that is eaten by Tehorim, for which Teme'im are Chayav Kareis, but not Basar that is eaten by Teme'im (i.e. a Pesach ha'Ba be'Tum'ah).

8)

(a)Rebbi Eliezer adds that Zavin ... who enter the Beis ha'Mikdash when the Korban is brought be'Tum'ah - are also Patur from Bi'as Mikdash ...

(b)... because the Torah writes there "Viyeshalchu min ha'Machaneh Kol Tzaru'a ve'Chol Zav ve'Chol Tamei la'Nafesh" - implying that Zavin and Zavos ... are only Chayav for Bi'as Mikdash when Teme'ei Meis are sent out of the camp.

(c)The Tana Kama holds - that they are Chayav.

(d)He interprets the Pasuk to mean - that each category of Tum'ah is sent out of a different camp.

(e)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.

9)

(a)The Mishnah now lists four differences between Pesach Mitzrayim and Pesach Doros. Pesach Mitzrayim was taken on the tenth of Nisan - whereas Pesach Doros can be taken any time (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

(b)The dual Avodah that Pesach Mitzrayim required which Pesach Doros does is not - sprinkling the blood on the lintel and on the two doorposts.

(c)The difference the Tana lists concerning the way it is eaten is that - whereas Pesach Mitzrayim had to be eaten 'be'Chipazon' (in haste), Pesach Doros does not.

(d)And he concludes with the time difference of one night (Pesach Mitzrayim [See Tos. Yom-Tov]) and seven days (Pesach Doros), by which he really means that - the Din of Chametz applied in Mitzrayim for only one day, whereas on Pesach Doros, it lasts seven days (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

(e)He learns this latter Din regarding Pesach Mitzrayim from the juxtaposition of "ha'Yom" to "Chametz", in the Pasuk in Bo "ve'Lo Ye'achel Chametz. Ha'Yom Atem Yotz'im - which implies that the Isur of not eating Chametz in Egypt applied only "ha'Yom" (for only one day).

10)

(a)Rebbi Yehoshua heard - that on the one hand a Temuras Pesach is sacrificed, and on the other, that it is not.

(b)It is brought - as a Shelamim after Pesach (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

(c)If it is not sacrificed - it is sent to graze in the meadow until it obtains a blemish, when the owner sells it, and with the proceeds, he purchases a Shelamim.

(d)Rebbi Akiva (Rebbi Yehoshua's Talmid) volunteered - to resolve the discrepancy.

11)

(a)To resolve the discrepancy, Rebbi Akiva explained that a lost Pesach that is found ...

1. ... before its replacement has been Shechted - is sent to graze ... ;

2. ... after its replacement has been Shechted - is brought directly as a Shelamim.

(b)The reason for ...

1. ... the first ruling is because - since both animals were there when he Shechted the one, the Shechitah fixed the one that was Shechted as a Pesach, rendering the other one Dachuy (rejected [See Tos. Yom-Tov]) in which case it cannot be brought directly as a Shelamim.

2. ... the second ruling is because - since it was not there at the time of Shechitah, it was not Dachuy, and a Korban Pesach after Pesach automatically becomes a Shelamim.

(c)This resolves the discrepancy - in that the same distinction applies to the Temurah as to the Pesach itself.

(d)We can comment on Rebbi Yehoshua's initial statement that - he might just as well have cited the discrepancy with regard to the Pesach itself (See Tos. Yom-Tov DH 've'Chein Temuraso').

12)

(a)The owner takes ...

1. ... the female lamb or the second year ram which he designated as a Pesach - and lets it romp in the meadow until it obtains a blemish ('Yir'eh ... ' [See Tos. Yom-Tov]) at which point he sells it.

2. ... the proceeds - and places them in the box (in the Beis-ha'Mikdash) that is designated for public Olos Nedavah (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

(b)A son takes the Pesach of his father who has died - and brings it as a Shelamim.

(c)He cannot bring it as a Pesach - seeing as it is a Pesach without an owner (and without Menuyin) (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

13)

(a)If a Pesach becomes mixed up with a Shelamim and an Olah, the Mishnah rules 'Yir'eh'. If the three animals are differently priced - then, assuming that the most expensive of the three animals is worth a Sela, the owner takes three Sela'im (See Tos. Yom-Tov) and redeems the Olah on one of them, the Asham on the second one and the Pesach on the third one. With those designated Sela'aim he then purchases an Olah, an Asham and a Pesach (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

(b)If Pesach has already past - he switches the Pesach for a Shelamim.

14)

(a)In a case where the Pesach became mixed up with Bechoros - Rebbi Shimon rules - that if the entire group consists of Kohanim - then they eat them that night ...

(b)... the Pesach, le'Shem Pesach, and the B'choros le'Shem B'chor ...

(c)There is no problem with the Matnos Dam - since both Korbanos require only one Matanah.

(d)The Rabbanan disagree with Rebbi Shimon - due to the fact that by doing so, it decreases the two-day eating period of a B'chor, and creates the possibility of causing it to be burned before its time.

(e)They therefore rule - 'Yir'eh' (like we learned at the beginning of the Mishnah).

15)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses a Pesach that got lost, and the group appointed one of its members to go and search for it. In a case where the Shali'ach finds the lost animal and Shechts it, but meanwhile they have Shechted another one, the criterion that will determine from which Pesach they will eat is - which one is Shechted first.

(b)Consequently, the group will eat, in the event that the first animal to be Shechted is that of ...

1. ... the Shali'ach - the animal that he Shechted, whereas if it is the one that ...

2. ... they Shechted - then that is the one that they will eat.

(c)If ...

1. ... they don't know which one was Shechted first, or if ...

2. ... both animals were Shechted simultaneously - then they cannot eat the Pesach at all and their Korban Pesach must be burned.

(d)In any event, they are Patur from bringing a Pesach Sheini - seeing as Mah Nafshach, they were registered on a Kasher Korban Pesach (whose blood was sprinkled) and the actual eating is not crucial,

(e)In all of the above cases, the Shali'ach eats from the animal that he Shechted - seeing as he not make any condition about eating any Pesach other than that one.

16)

(a)If the Shali'ach stipulated that, in the event that he is late, the group should Shecht another Pesach on his behalf, then, in the event that he finds the lost animal and Shechts it, but meanwhile they have Shechted another one - if theirs was Shechted first, they both eat from theirs; whereas if his was Shechted first, then he eats from his Pesach and they eat from theirs.

(b)Whereas if they don't know which one was Shechted first or if both animals were Shechted simultaneously - they eat from theirs, whereas he eats from neither.

(c)His Pesach has to be burnt ...

(d)... and he is Patur from bringing a Pesach Sheini.

17)

(a)If he asked them to Shecht on his behalf, and they asked him to Shecht on theirs, they all eat from the one that was Shechted first. If they don't know which one was Shechted first - then both animals must be burnt ...

(b)... and they are Patur from bringing a Pesach Sheini.

(c)Whereas in a case where neither party stipulated anything - neither is responsible for the other (See Tos. Yom-Tov). Consequently, each one eats from his own Korban Pesach.

18)

(a)If the Pesachim of two groups became mixed up before the Shechitah (See Tos. Yom-Tov), they cannot simply take one lamb each and bring - in case they take the wrong one, leaving their own Pesach without an owner (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

(b)After having taken a lamb each - they each send one of their group to join the other group.

(c)They then say to the new member - that if the Pesach is theirs. then he has withdrawn from his original group and joined them, whereas if it is the wrong one, then they have withdrawn from their original group and joined his.

(d)If the Pesachim of five groups became mixed up - then, after four members of each group have joined the other four groups (one person per each of the groups), four of them say to the fifth one the same as we learned in the previous case. Then three of the four plus the fifth one say the same to the fourth one (and so on in rotation). And they follow the same procedure if ten Korb'nos Pesach became mixed up.

19)

(a)If the Pesachim of Reuven and Shimon (the sole members of their respective groups) become mixed up, the first thing each one does after taking one of the Pesachim is - to find someone from outside (Levi and Yehudah respectively) to join him (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

(b)After designating him as a member of his Pesach, whichever one it is - Reuven and Shimon switch groups ...

(c)Reuven then says to Yehudah - 'If this is your Pesach (tha Shimon picked), then I hereby withdraw from my original Pesach and join you, Whereas if the Pesach is mine, then you will withdraw from your Pesach and join me'. And Shimon says makes the same stipulation with Levi.

(d)Each one cannot simply ...

1. ... withdraw from his own Korban before registering on that of his friend - since one cannot leave a Korban Pesach without an onwer.

2. ... register on his friend's Korban before withdrawing from his own - since one cannot be a member of two groups.