[54a - 53 lines; 54b - 48 lines]
1)[line 1]"אִישׁ""ISH"- The entire Pasuk is "וְאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁכַּב אֶת אֵשֶׁת אָבִיו, עֶרְוַת אָבִיו גִּלָּה; מוֹת יוּמְתוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם, דְּמֵיהֶם בָּם" "v'Ish Asher Yishkav Es Eshes Aviv, Ervas Aviv Gilah; Mos Yumsu Sheneihem, Demeihem Bam" (Vayikra 20:11), which the Beraisa now proceeds to expound.
2a)[line 5]מופנה להקיש ולדון ממנו גזרה שוהMUFNEH L'HAKISH VELA'DUN MIMENU GEZEIRAH SHAVAH- [this phrase, "עֶרְוַת אָבִיו " "Ervas Aviv," is not used for a specific derivation, but rather] it is free to be used to link and to learn a Gezeirah Shavah from it. (The Gemara later will explain what the Gezeirah Shavah is.
b)[line 5]גזרה שוהGEZEIRAH SHAVAH
See Background to Sanhedrin 40:25.
3)[line 10]עונש שמענו; אזהרה מניין?ONESH SHAMANU; AZHARAH MINAYIN? - We have learned the source for the punishment; from where do we learn the warning (Azharah)? (LO ANASH HA'KASUV ELA IM KEN HIZHIR)
(a)A basic principle of the Torah with regard to punishment for transgressions is that every verse which mentions a punishment for a transgression has a corresponding verse that states not to commit that transgression. This Azharah is known as a Lo Ta'aseh.
(b)A corollary of this principle is that when a person sins, he cannot be punished by a court unless he is specifically warned by two witnesses ("Hasra'ah") that if he commits the act, he will be punished (some Rishonim maintain that they must mention the specific verse of the Azharah in the Torah).
4)[line 11]"עֶרְוַת אָבִיךָ [וְעֶרְוַת אִמְּךָ] לֹא תְגַלֵּה""ERVAS AVICHA [V'ERVAS IMECHA] LO SEGALEH"- "The nakedness of your father [and the nakedness of your mother] do not expose" (Vayikra 18:7) - According to the Beraisa (which expresses the view of Rebbi Yehudah), this does not refer actually to immorality with one's father, but rather with one's father's wife.
5)[line 25]לישנא מעליא הואLISHNA MA'ALYA HU- "clean" language (Rav Yehudah did not want to discuss explicitly a Jew committing such heinous acts)
6)[line 31]אין עונשין מן הדיןEIN ONSHIN MIN HA'DIN
We do not administer corporal punishments through deriving them from an exegetical process such as a Kal v'Chomer or Binyan Av (rather, it must be written in the Torah explicitly, or learned from a Hekesh or Gezeirah Shavah). For example, the Torah explicitly prohibits a man from living with his daughter's daughter (who is not his wife's granddaughter - Vayikra 18:10), but it does not mention one who lives with his own daughter (who is not his wife's daughter). If not for a Gezeirah Shavah, we would not be able to administer a punishment to one who sins with his daughter, because "Ein Onshin Min ha'Din." (This follows the opinion of Rava, Sanhedrin 76a. Abaye rules that this case is an exception to this rule, since the Kal v'Chomer is not a real Kal v'Chomer but rather it is a Giluy Milsa (a device that shows the meaning of the words in the verse). As such, the prohibition can be derived through that Giluy Milsa.) (See Insights to Nazir 44:1, Bava Kama 2:2.)
7)[line 47]תקלהTAKALAH- a stumbling block (the animal is the object which caused a person to sin and be killed)
54b----------------------------------------54b
8)[line 3]"[וְ]לֹא יִהְיֶה קָדֵשׁ מִבְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל""[V']LO YIHEYEH KADESH MI'BENEI YISRAEL"- "There shall be no licentious man among the sons of Yisrael" (Devarim 23:18).
9)[line 4]"וְגַם קָדֵשׁ הָיָה בָאָרֶץ; עָשׂוּ כְּכֹל הַתּוֹעֲבוֹת הַגּוֹיִם אֲשֶׁר הוֹרִישׁ [ה' מִפְּנֵי בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל]""V'GAM KADESH HAYAH BA'ARETZ, ASU K'CHOL HA'TO'AVOS HA'GOYIM ASHER HORISH [HASH-M MIPNEI BENEI YISRAEL]"- "And also licentiousness was in the land; they did like all of the abominations of the nations which HaSh-m had driven out from before Bnei Yisrael" (Melachim I 14:24).
10)[last line](זכר) [הבא על הזכור] בן תשע שנים ויום אחד(ZACHAR) [HA'BA AL HA'ZACHUR] BEN TESHA SHANIM V'YOM ECHAD- a male (who is the passive partner, the "Nishkav," with another male) who is nine years and one day old... (Rashi explains that this is one case, and "ha'Ba Al ha'Behemah" (55a) is different case; the Rambam, however, understands that this is all one case (i.e. a male who is nine years old who is "Nishkav" with an animal)