1)

(a)The earliest age and stage from which a boy is subject to the Din of a ben Sorer u'Moreh is - from the age of thirteen when he produces two pubic hairs ...

(b)... until his pubic hair surrounds his Gid.

(c)The Mishnah explain that Chazal refer to his pubic hair as 'Zakan' - for the sake of using clean speech.

(d)Besides to preclude a girl from the Din of a ben Sorer u'Moreh, the Tana learns from the word 'ben' (in the Pasuk in Ki Seitzei "ki Yih'yeh le'Ish ben Sorer u'Moreh") - that one he is called a man (i.e. when his pubic hair surrounds the Gid), he is no longer eligible.

2)

(a)Seeing as "ben" incorporates a Katan, we cannot also include a Katan in the Din of ben Sorer u'Moreh - since a Katan is Patur from Mitzvos.

(b)We therefore Darshen the juxtaposition of "ben" to "Ish" - to imply 'a ben who is close to the strength of an Ish' (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

3)

(a)According to the Tana Kama, a ben Sorer u'Moreh is only Chayav if he eats a Tartimar of meat - (half a Manah [See Tiferes Yisrael]), which he must eat half cooked and drinks half a Log (three egg-volumes) of wine (See Tos. Yom-Tov) ...

(b)... Italian wine, which he must drink only partially diluted.

(c)Italian wine - is good-quality wine and is particularly potent.

(d)According to Rebbi Yossi, the ben Sorer must consume a full Manah of meat and a Log of wine.

4)

(a)The Mishnah states that where the boy eats the meat in a group of a Mitzvah or during the ceremony of Ibur ha'Chodesh - he is not a ben Sorer u'Moreh ...

(b)... and the same will apply if he purchases it with Ma'aser Sheini money and eats it in Yerushalayim.

(c)The Tana issue the same ruling where he eats Neveilos, T'reifos, Shekatzim and Remasim - because the Pasuk writes "Einenu Shome'a be'Koleinu", implying that otherwise does obey the Voice of hashem, whereas this boy does not listen to the oice of Hash-m either.

5)

(a)When the Tana writes that if he eats something that is a Mitzvah or an Aveirah he is not a ben Sorer u'Moreh - he is coming to add a Mitzvah de'Rabbanan and an Aveirah de'Rabbanan ...

(b)... such as where he eats it ...

1. ... whilst performing the Mitzvah of Tanchumei Aveilim (See Tos. Yom-Tov) or ...

2. ... during a Ta'anis Tzibur, respectively.

6)

(a)The Mishnah finally rules that if he eats food other than meat and beverages other than wine (See Tos. Yom-Tov) - he does not become a ben Sorer u'Moreh either.

(b)The Tana learns this from the Pasuk in Naso "Zolel ve'Sovei" - which means a glutton and a drunkard, implying specifically meat and wine ...

(c)... as is hinted in the Pasuk in Mishlei "Al T'hi be'Sov'ei Yayin be'Zol'lei Yayin lamo".

7)

(a)The Mishnah rules that a potential ben Sorer u'Moreh who steals from his father and eats in his father's domain is Patur - because he is afraid that his father will catch him eating it and will therefore not do it again.

(b)If he steals from somebody else and eats in his father's domain, he is Patur too ...

(c)... because it is not always readily to him.

(d)He is only then Chayav - if he steals from his father's domain and eats in somebody else's domain.

8)

(a)Rebbi Yossi b'Rebbi Yehudah is more lenient than the Tana Kama. He declares him Chayav only - on condition he steals both from his father and from his mother.

(b)It is possible for the mother to own property independent of her husband - if someone gives her property on condition that her husband has no jurisdiction over it.

(c)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.

9)

(a)A boy can only become a ben Sorer u'Moreh if his parents want him to. If ...

1. ... his father wants but the mother doesn't or if ...

2. ... his mother wants but his father doesn't - then he cannot become a ben Sorer u'Moreh (See Tos' Yom-Tov).

(b)Rebbi Yehudah rules that a boy whose mother is 'not fit for his father' - cannot become a ben Sorer u'Moreh either.

(c)This means that they must be very similar in three ways, in voice, in appearance - and in height.

(d)He learns the first of these because the Torah writes "Einenu Shome'a be'Koleinu" - when it should otherwise have written 'be'Koloseinu" (See Tos. Yom-Tov) in the plural, thereby implying that their voices are one and the same).

(e)And he learns the other two - from a S'vara from Kol (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

10)

(a)The Tana also requires both parents not to be infirm. He learns from the Pasuk ...

1. ... "Ve'safsu bo Aviv ve'Imo" - that their arms must be intact, from ...

2. ... "Ve'hotzi'u oso" - their legs, from ...

3. ... "Ve'amru" - that they must be able to speak, from ...

4. ... "B'neinu Zeh" - that they must be able to see, and from ...

5. ... "Einenu Shome'a be'Koleinu" - that they may not be deaf (See Tos. Yom-To).

(b)If, after catching him stealing and eating the first time, and after they have warned him in front of two witnesses (See Tos. Yom-Tov), he repeats the sin - he receives Malkos.

(c)When the Tana says 'in front of three' - it is referring to the judges, since Malkos requires a Beis-Din of three.

11)

(a)Should he sin a third time - twenty-three Dayanim are required to proceed.

(b)Based on the Pasuk B'neinu Zeh ... ", he can only be sentenced to death - if the same three judges that judged him on the previous occasion also sit on the Beis-Din of twenty-three ...

(c)... as if to say 'This is the same Beis-Din in front of which he received the lashes' [See Tos. Yom-Tov]).

(d)Despite having already learned from there that the parents must be able to see, the Tana learns a second D'rashah from the same Pasuk - because if it came only for the latter D'rashah, the Torah could have written "B'neinu Hu" (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

12)

(a)If he runs away before Beis-Din have issued any ruling and in the meantime his pubic hair grows fully - he does not become A ben Sorer u'Moreh ...

(b)... unless he runs away after Beis-Din has already declared him a ben Sorer u'Moreh.

13)

(a)When the Mishnah writes that a ben Sorer u'Moreh is punished 'on account of his end', it means - that he is not really Chayav Misah at this stage (See Tos. Yom-Tov), but that he being punished because of what he is bound to do eventually ...

(b)... finish off all his property, and when he no longer able to keep up his former lifestyle, he will wait by crossroads and rob passersby of all their belongings.

(c)So the Torah says - better he should die innocent than guilty ...

(d)... because death is beneficial both for themselves and for the world at large.

14)

(a)The Mishnah now says that ...

1. ... the death of Tzadikim - is detrimental both to themselves and to the world, that ...

2. ... wine and sleep of Resha'im - are beneficial to both, and ...

3. ... wine and sleep of Tzadikim are detrimental to both ...

(b)...because on the one hand, as long as Resha'im are alive and active, they continue to sin and to cause others all kinds of harm, whereas, when they are not, there is respite from their evildoing, whereas on the other, as long as Tzadikim are alive and active, they shield over the world with their continued performance of Mitzvos and rebuke them when they sin, all of which ceases when they are not.

15)

(a)The Tana finally states that being ...

1. ... scattered is beneficial for the Resha'im and for the world, but detrimental for the Tzadikim, and the reverse when the two groups are ...

2. ... united.

(b)Being scattered is beneficial for the Resha'im and for the world - because it deters them from planning their evil deeds together and from assisting one another.

(c)And he finally says - that tranquility is detrimental for the Resha'im and for the world, but beneficial for the Tzadikim ... .

16)

(a)A 'Ba be'Machteres' is - a thief who is breaking into someone's house

(b)The Mishnah states that ha'Ba ba'Machteres, like ben Sorer u'Moreh - is judged according to what he will eventually do.

(c)The Tana is referring - to the mandate the Torah gives to anyone who catches him to kill him (See Tiferes Yisrael).

(d)One is permitted to kill him - because if one doesn't, he will kill the Balabos when he discovers the break-in and tries to stop him (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

17)

(a)The Tana discusses what happens if a Ba ba'Machteres smashes a barrel as he is breaking into the house. He might be Patur from paying, based on what principle - 'Kam leih be'de'Rabah mineih' (the stricter punishment of Misah that he receives exempts him from the lighter punishment of paying).

(b)The Tana links his P'tur from paying to the fact that he has no value (an expression used by the Torah in connection with him) - meaning that, since one is permitted to kill him, he has not value (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

(c)When he then says that if he has value, he is Chayav to pay, he is referring to a case of a father who is breaking in to his son's house (the only case where we can say with certainty that he will not kill the Balabos, even if he discovers him breaking in).

18)

(a)The Mishnah rules that if one catches a man who is either chasing another man to murder him or to have relations with him, or a Na'arah ha'Me'urasah to rape her - one is obligated to save the victim, even by killing the pursuer if necessary.

(b)The Torah writes this Din explicitly - by Na'arah ha'Me'urasah ...

(c)... when it writes in Ki Seitzei "Tza'akah ha'Na'arah ha'Me'urasah ve'Ein Moshi'a lah" - which implies that if one can save her one is obligated to do so in any possible way.

(d)From the Pasuk there (in connection with a Na'arah ha'Me'urasah "ki ka'asher Yakom Ish al Re'eihu u'Retzacho Nefesh, kein ha'Davar ha'Zeh", we learn - that the same applies to saving a man who is being murdered.

(e)And we learn the Din of saving a man from being raped from the Pasuk there "ve'la'Na'arah Lo Sa'aseh Davar" - because (in the Pasuk "ve'la'Na'arah Lo Sa'aseh Davar"), the word "ve'la'Na'arah" is written without a 'Hey' (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

(f)In the Pasuk there "Chet Maves", "Chet" comes to include all Chayvei K'risos, and "Maves" - all Chayvei Misah (to do with Arayos [See Tos. Yom-Tov DH 've'Achar ha'Zachur']).

19)

(a)The Tana lists someone who is chasing an animal to have relations with it, someone who is desecrating Shabbos and someone who worships Avodah-Zarah - in that one is not permitted to kill them, in order to save them from sinning.

(b)We might have thought that one is permitted to kill a person that one catches ...

1. ... chasing an animal to have relations with it - due to its similarity to Arayos.

2. ... desecrating Shabbos or worshipping Avodah-Zarah - because both of these sins entail denying Hash-m.

(c)The people on this list receive the death-sentence - only at the hand of Beis-Din through the testimony of two witnesses and warning ...

(d)... and how much more so other Chayvei Kareis or Chayvei Misah.