(Mishnah): Hatmanah is permitted in wool shearings, one may not move them.

(Rava): If one was not Matmin in them, they may not be moved - if they were used for Hatmanah, they may be moved.

Objection (a new Talmid - Mishnah): Hatmanah is permitted in wool shearings, one may not move them - how may one take the food? One lifts the cover, the wool falls (but one may not directly move the wool)!

Answer #1: Rava really said, the Mishnah discusses when one did not designate the wool for Hatmanah - if he designated it, it may be moved.

Support (Ravin citing Rebbi): The Mishnah discusses when one did not designate the wool for Hatmanah - if he designated it, it may be moved.

Answer #2 (Ravina): The Mishnah discusses wool stored to be sold (Rava discusses regular wool).

Support (Beraisa): One may not move wool stored to be sold; if the owner prepared it for use, it may be moved.

(Rabah bar bar Chanah - Beraisa #1): If one cut Chariyos (hard, leafless Lulav branches) for the sake of [fire]wood, and then decided to use them to sit on, he must tie them (to show that they will be used for sitting - if not they are Muktzeh);

R. Shimon ben Gamliel says, he need not tie them.

(Rabah bar bar Chanah): The Halachah follows R. Shimon ben Gamliel.

(Rav): He must tie them.

(Shmuel): It suffices to intend to sit on them.

(Rav Asi): It suffices to sit on them [before Shabbos], even if he did not tie them or intend to sit on them [on Shabbos].

Question: We understand Rav - he holds like the first Tana; we understand Shmuel - he holds like R. Shimon ben Gamliel;

But Rav Asi is not like either Tana!

Answer: He holds like the following Tana:

(Beraisa): One may go out with combed flax or unraveled wool on a wound (Rashi; Rav Hai Gaon - a toupee), if it was dyed [Rashi's text - with oil] and tied on with a string - if it was not dyed or tied, one may not go out with [or even move] it;

If one went out with it before Shabbos, even if it was not dyed or tied, one may go out with it on Shabbos.

Support (for Rav Asi - Rav Ashi - Mishnah): One may not use his hand to move straw on a bed, but he may move it with his body;

If the straw was food for animals, or if a sheet or blanket was spread over it (Rashi - and he slept on it; Rambam - it is as if he slept on it; Me'iri - the Beraisa discusses a normal case, normally one would not sleep directly on straw - the Heter depends only on sleeping) before Shabbos, he may move it with his hand.

Question: Who is the Tana that argues with R. Shimon ben Gamliel [in Beraisa #1]?

Answer: It is R. Chanina ben Akiva:

(Ze'iri): R. Chanina ben Akiva once came to a place and found Chariyos that had been cut for the sake of wood; he told his Talmidim to intend to sit on them on the morrow (Shabbos) - I don't know if they were involved with a [wedding] celebration or consoling mourners.

Inference: This was permitted because they were busy with a celebration or consoling mourners - otherwise it is forbidden unless they were tied!

(Rav Yehudah): One may bring a box of earth into his house [before Shabbos] for all his needs on Shabbos (e.g. to cover spit or excrement).

(Mar Zutra): This is only if he designated a corner [of the house for the earth].

Suggestion (Rabanan): This is like R. Shimon ben Gamliel (no action need be done to the earth)!

Rejection (Rav Papa): It is even like Chachamim - they require an action only when it is possible - but nothing can be done to earth to prepare it!

Suggestion: Tana'im argue about this:

(Beraisa #1): One may rub Kelim with anything to polish them, except for silver Kelim, which may not be rubbed with alum;

Inference: It is permitted to use nitre or sand.

(Beraisa #2): It is forbidden to use nitre or sand.

Suggestion: Tana #2 requires an action, Tana #1 does not!

Rejection #1: No, neither Tana requires an action - Beraisa #2 is like R. Yehudah, who forbids Davar she'Eino Miskaven (he might scrape the Kli, this is Memachek (smoothing)); Beraisa #1 is like R. Shimon, who permits Davar she'Eino Miskaven.

Objection: The Seifa of Beraisa #1 is unlike R. Shimon!

(Seifa): One may not shampoo his hair with them (nitre or sand).

R. Shimon permits this!

(Mishnah): A Nazir may shampoo his hair and separate the hairs [even though he might pull out hairs], but he may not comb his hair (Rashi - this surely pulls out hairs; Rashba - one who combs intends to remove dangling hairs).

Rejection #2: Both Beraisos are like R. Yehudah - the Tana'im argue about R. Yehudah's opinion about scraping:

Tana #1 holds that one might scrape, Tana #2 is not concerned for this.

Question: We cannot establish Beraisa #1 like R. Yehudah, on account of its Seifa!

(Seifa): One may wash his face, hands and feet [with nitre or sand, on Shabbos].

This might remove [facial] hair!

Answers: The Beraisa refers to a child, woman or Seris (they do not have beards).

(Rav Yehudah): A ground up brick (R. Chananel - frankincense) is permitted [for washing the face on Shabbos. Me'iri - hair of the head comes out easier than beard hairs].

(Rav Yosef): The waste of sesame is permitted.

(Rava): Ground up pepper is permitted.

(Rav Sheshes): Barda is permitted.

Question: What is Barda?

Answer (Rav Yosef): It is one third aloe, one third myrtle [leaves], and one third violets.

(R. Nechemyah bar Yosef): As long as aloe is not the majority, it is permitted.

Question: On Shabbos, may one bruise olives (Rashi - on a rock, to temper their bitterness; Tosfos Yeshanim - on one's face, hands and feet, for the sake of washing - are we concerned lest they remove hair)?

Answer (Rav Sheshes): This is always forbidden, on account of ruining food (Bal Tashchis).

Suggestion: Rav Sheshes argues with Shmuel:

(Shmuel): One may use bread for any need.

Rejection: Bread is different, it does not get ruined like olives.

Barda was brought in front of Ameimar, Mar Zutra and Rav Ashi - Ameimar and Rav Ashi washed with it, Mar Zutra did not.

Ameimar and Rav Ashi: Rav Sheshes permits it!

Rav Mordechai: Mar Zutra does not use it even during the week [on account of Beged Ishah, adorning oneself like a woman]:

(Beraisa): A man may scrape hardened filth or scabs on account of pain, but not to beautify himself.

Question: Ameimar and Rav Ashi permit Barda - which Tana do they rely on?

Answer (Beraisa): One should wash his face, hands and feet every day in honor of Hash-m (in whose 'form' he was made) - "Kol Po'al Hash-m la'Ma'anehu".

(Mishnah - R. Elazar ben Azaryah): One tilts the box and takes from the pot, lest he remove... [Chachamim say, he takes [the pot] and returns it].

(R. Aba): All agree that if he removed the pot and the pit caved in, it is forbidden to return the pot (Rashi - one may not move the wool; Rambam - this is like new Hatmanah on Shabbos).

Question (Mishnah - Chachamim): He takes [the pot] and returns it.

Question: What is the case?

If the pit did not cave in, this is obvious (alternatively - R. Elazar would not argue)!

Answer #1: The pit caved in, nevertheless Chachamim permit returning!

Answer (and Answer #2 to Question (c:1)): Really, it did not cave in;

Version #1 (Rashi): They argue about whether or not we are concerned that it will cave in [and he will return it anyway] - R. Elazar is concerned for this, Chachamim are not.

Version #2 (Rashba): They argue about whether or not we are concerned that it caved in - R. Elazar is concerned (one may not return unless he knows that it did not cave in) Chachamim are not (one may return unless he knows that it caved in).

(Rav Huna): If Slikusta (an herb) was inserted into moist earth, removed and re-inserted before Shabbos, one may remove it (e.g. to smell it) and re-insert it on Shabbos;

Version #1 (Rashi): If not (it was not removed and re-inserted before Shabbos), it is forbidden [even to remove it on Shabbos, for he will move earth].

Version #2 (Tosfos (43b-44a), Rashba): If not, it is forbidden [to return it on Shabbos, for this will widen the hole].

(Shmuel): If a knife was inserted between rows of bricks in a wall, removed and re-inserted before Shabbos, one may remove it and re-insert it on Shabbos; if not, it is forbidden.

(Mar Zutra): One may insert a knife between branches coming out of a date stamp for the first time on Shabbos (we are not concerned lest he scrape off bark).

Question (Rav Ketina, against Rav Huna and Shmuel - Mishnah): If one is Tomen (Ramban, citing Yerushalmi - a bunch of) turnips or radishes under a vine, leaving some of the leaves (Rav Hai Gaon - some of them) exposed, we are not concerned for Kil'ai ha'Kerem, Shemitah, or Ma'aser; one may remove it on Shabbos.

Rav Huna and Shmuel are refuted. (Tosfos ha'Rosh - surely, they knew the Mishnah! They established the case to be that the turnip was inserted, removed and re-inserted before Shabbos - the Gemara rejects this, and says that they are refuted.)