Question #1: They ask from Perek Tefilas ha'Shachar (B'rachos, Daf 28a) where on that day, Yehudah, a Ger from Amon stood before them in the Beis ha'Medrash and asked whether he was permitted to marry into the Kahal, where Raban Gamliel ruled that he was not and Rebbi Yehoshua, that he was.

Question #1 (cont.): Raban then said to 'Is it not written "An Amoni and a Mo'avi may not enter the Kahal of Hash-m"? To which Rebbi Yehoshua retorted 'Do Amon and Mo'av still reside in their land? Did Sancheriv, king of Ashur not come and mix-up the whole world'?

Question #1 (concl.): In that case, Menimin was permitted to marry into the Kahal?

Question #2: Furthermore they query that Gemara in Tefilas ha'Shachar from the Gemara in the first Perek of Megilah (Daf 12a) 'Go to Amon and Mo'av, who still reside in their place like wine on its sediment, as the Pasuk states "Mo'av are tranquil from their youth"?

Answer on Question #1: It is not a Kashya on our Gemara however, as Rashi explains, since Menimin erred by thinking that they were not mixed up.

Source: As we learned in the Seifa of the Tosefta in the last Perek of Kidushin, which cited Rebbi Akiva, who said to him "Menimin, you erred! The Halachah states that Sancheriv went up and mixed up the nations.

Source (cont.): Neither the Egyptians nor the Amonim and Mo'avim are in their land. So an Amoni may marry a Mitzris, and a Mitzri, an Amonis, and any 'family' in the world may marry them.

Conclusion: And what the Gemara here is saying is that 'Until now they are only arguing whether they became mixed-up or not, but both opinions agree that they still exist.

Question #2 still Intact: Only the Gemara in Megilah remains difficult.

Answer: Rabeinu Tam therefore explains that although Sancheriv mixed-up the entire world, he did not mix-up Egypt. As the Pasuk writes in Melachim (2, 20) in connection with Par'oh N'choh "And the King of Egypt did not continue to leave his land, since the King of Bavel took from the River of Egypt till the River P'ras". So we see, that Sancheriv did not mix up Egypt.

Support: And this is what Seider Olam says - 'From the day that the King of Bavel went up against Egypt, it (Egypt) no longer raised its head'.

Answer (cont.): But Amon he did mix-up, because all those countries that we do not find a Pasuk to say that he did not mix them up, he certainly mixed-up, as the Pasuk writes in Yeshayah (36) "Who among all the gods of the nations ... "?

Answer (cont.): And Egypt we find explicitly stated that he did not mix them up, only he overran them, as it says in Seider Olam - 'When he went to Tarhakei, King of Kush ... '

Answer (cont.): And it is in connection with this episode that the Tosefta cites Rebbi Akiva, who said 'Menimin, you erred!'

Our Gemara: Our Gemara does not see fit to mention it, because it was not a proper conquest, only like the overrunning of Shevna and his group (See Or ha'Yeshu'ah).

Our Gemara (cont.): Our Gemara does not see fit to mention it, because it was not a proper conquest, only like the overrunning of Shevna and his group.

Our Gemara (cont.): And Mo'av (too), we specifically find that he did not mix them up, as the Pasuk writes "Mo'av was tranquil since its youth", and when Yirmiyah said this Pasuk, it was tranquil. So we see that Sancheriv did not mix them up.

Conclusion: In Megilah, the text reads 'Go to Mo'av, who are still in their place!', but not 'to Amon', since Amon no longer reside in their place.

Conclusion (cont.): And in B'rachos (Daf 28a) when the Gemara asks 'Do Amon and Mo'av still reside in their places?', we must omit 'Mo'av' from the text.

Reason: The destruction of Nevuchadnetzar is not referred to as 'mixing up', because when Nevuchadnetzar destroyed a country, he would leave the poor in their place, whereas Sancheriv would move (all) the people and mix them up.

Support: And this is what the Gemara says in the last Perek (Daf 46b) in connection with Luz - 'This is Luz, which Sancheriv did not mix up and Nevuchadnetzar did not destroy; and the Angel of Death too, does not have the right to go there.

Conclusion: Everywhere we find that mixing up is ascribed to Sancheriv, and destruction, to Nevuchadnetzar.

Conclusion (cont.): And in its haste, the Gemara inserts Amon together with Mo'av, but it is not correct, as we explained. Till here is the explanation of Rabeinu Tam.

Question: There is a Kashya on his explanation however, from the Tosefta, which states 'Egypt no longer reside in their place' And, according to his explanation, we will also need to alter what it says, 'Neither are the Mo'avim in their place'.

Answer: But if we do not read 'Mo'avim' in the Tosefta, and 'Amon' in Megilah, there is no problem.

Implied Question: The Gemara could have queried this from Rava and from Menimin.

Question: What would it have answered? It could not have answered with regard to the king of the nation, since it says "And you, sons of Ya'akov", implying all of the B'nei Ya'akov, in which case it is talking about the entire nation?