(Mishnah): These are Ma'amados - "Tzav Es Bnei Yisrael Es Korbani Lachmi l'Ishai'' - can a person's Korban be offered, and he is not standing over it?! (If so, all of Yisrael should see the Temidim offered every day!)

Rather, early Nevi'im enacted 24 Mishmaros (divisions of Kohanim), and for every Mishmar there was a Ma'amad in Yerushalayim of Kohanim, of Leviyim and of Yisraelim;

When the time came for the Mishmar, Kohanim and Leviyim ascend to Yerushalayim, and Yisrael in that Mishmar enter their cities and read in Ma'ase Bereishis.

(Gemara): [The Mishnah] needed to say only "these are Ma'amados - they enter their cities and read in Ma'ase Bereishis.'' It began from the beginning of the Parshah (explained why they were enacted);

(R. Yonah): These Temidim are the Korbanos of all of Yisrael. If so, all of Yisrael should ascend to Yerushalayim [every day]. It is written only "Shalosh Pe'amim ba'Shanah Ye'ra'eh Kol Zechurcha''!

(Also, one may not work the day he offers a Korban.) If so, all of Yisrael will sit idle from work. It says "v'Asafta Deganecha'' - who will gather the grain for them?!

Rather, early Nevi'im enacted 24 Mishmaros, and for every Mishmar there was a Ma'amad in Yerushalayim of Kohanim, of Leviyim and of Yisraelim.

(Beraisa): The Ma'amad from Yerushalayim was 24,000, and there was half a Ma'amad from Yericho. Yericho could have sent a full Ma'amad, but in order to show honor to Yerushalayim (only it had a full Ma'amad), it sent only a half Ma'amad.

The Kohanim were for Avodah (Anshei Mishmar), the Leviyim were for [singing on] the Duchan, and it was evident that the Yisraelim are Sheluchim of all Yisrael (there is no other reason for them).

(Beraisa - R. Shimon): Kohanim, Leviyim, Yisraelim and Shir are Me'akev the Korban.

(R. Avun citing R. Lazar): R. Shimon learns from "v'Chol ha'Kahal Mishtachavim'' - these are Yisrael. "Veha'Shir Meshorer'' are Leviyim. "V'Chatzotzeros Mechatzrim'' are Kohanim. "Ad li'Chlos ha'Olah'' - all are Me'akev the Korban.

(R. Tanchuma citing R. Lazar): We learn from "va'Etnah Es ha'Leviyim Nesunim l'Aharon ul'Vanav mi'Toch Bnei Yisrael'' - these are Leviyim. "La'avod Es Avodas Bnei Yisrael'' are the Kohanim. "Lechaper Al Bnei Yisrael'' is Shir. "V'Lo Yihyeh bi'Vnei Yisrael Negef b'Geshes Bnei Yisrael El ha'Kodesh'' are Yisrael.

Question: What is the source that Shir is called Kaparah?

Answer (Chinena, the father of Bar Natah, citing R. Benayah): "Lechaper Al Bnei Yisrael'' is Shir.

Question: What is the source that Shir is Me'akev?

Answer (R. Yakov bar Acha citing R. Bulatah citing R. Chinena): "Lechaper Al Bnei Yisrael'' is Shir.

Answer (R. Yakov bar Acha citing R. Chiya citing R. Yochanan): Moshe established eight Mishmaros of Kehunah - four from Elazar and four from Isamar, until David and Shmuel the seer (Navi) added another eight - four from Elazar and four from Isamar;

They wanted to add eight more and make them 24. They found [more Kohanim] from Elazar, but they did not find from Isamar, like it says "va'Yimtze'u Vnei Elazar Rabim l'Roshei ha'Gevarim Min Bnei Isamar...''

(R. Yakov bar Acha citing Rav Chunah Rabah of Tziporin citing R. Yochanan): "Beis Av Echad Achuz l'Elazar'' - additional Batei Avos were added to him (one for each that it had already) - v'Achuz Achuz l'Isamar'' - what it held, it held (nothing was added to it).

(R. Ze'irah citing Rav Chuna): "L'Chazir Shiv'ah Asar'' - the rotation returned to Elazar. (They ordered the Mishmaros through a lottery. Eight came up for R. Elazar, eight for Isamar, and the last eight were the additions.

You cannot make them 23 (when a Mishmar sinned and they wanted to depose it), for it says "Hemah Yisad David u'Shmuel ha'Ro'eh be'Emunasam'' - b'Umnusam (in their expertise). There was a great skill [in making 24, for according to rotation of serving], no Mishmar will [serve on Yom Kipur of Yovel and] receive inherited fields [that were Hukdash and not redeemed] and repeat [to receive] until [every] other Mishmar receives.

(R. Avahu): I calculated them - no Mishmar receives and returns to receive inherited fields until [every] other Mishmar receives.

Four Mishmaros ascended from exile (Bavel) - Yadayah, Charim, Pashchor and Eimar. Nevi'im among them made 24 lots and cast them in a box;

Yadayah came and received [lots of five other Mishmaros] and of itself, in all six. Charim came and received five, and [with] itself it is six. Pashchor came and received five and itself, and it is six. Eimar came and received five and itself, and it is six.

Nevi'im among them stipulated that even if Yehoriv ascends from exile, it will not override the Mishmar in front of it. Rather, it will become secondary to it.

The heads of the Mishmaros made Batei Avos. A Mishmar can have five, six, seven, eight or nine Batei Avos;

A Mishmar that has five - three offer in three days (one each), and two offer in two days (two each);

A Mishmar that has six - five offer in five days (one each), and one offers on two days;

A Mishmar that has seven - each offers on its day;

A Mishmar that has eight - six offer in six days (one each), and two offer in one day;

A Mishmar that has nine - seven offer in seven days (one each), and four offer in two days (two on each day).

Some fixed themselves permanently - always, a Mishmar (i.e. Beis Av) that was on Shabbos was always on Shabbos. [One that was] on Motza'ei Shabbos (Sunday) was always on Motza'ei Shabbos;

And some used to make a lottery (to decide which Beis Av will serve which day) on every Mishmar (each time the Mishmar served), and some used to make a lottery on every Shemitah.

Rebbi used to make appointments. (The first was temporary.) If he was worthy [to continue], he stayed (was appointed permanently). If not, he was removed;

Before dying, he commanded his son "do not do so [lest it lead to ill will and envy]. Rather, make all appointments once (permanently, from the beginning. We explained this like MASA D'YERUSHALAYIM, ALEI TAMAR.) And appoint R. Chaninah bar Chami to head [the Yeshivah].''

Question: Why didn't [Rebbi] himself appoint him?

Answer #1: It is because people Tziporin screamed against [R. Chaninah] in Tziporin (above, Perek 3 Halachah 4).

Objection: Do we act based on [unjustified] screams?!

Answer #2 (R. Lazar bei R. Yosi): It is because [R. Chaninah] 'corrected' him in public [in the following episode].

Rebbi was teaching "u'Faltu Pliteihem v'Hayu El he'Harim k'Yonei ha'Ge'ayos Kulam Homos.'' [R. Chaninah] said [is it written] "Homos''?! (There is no Vov after the Hei. We read Heimos! Rebbi was upset; indeed, we read it Homos. It seems that this is how MICHAL HA'MAYIM explains.)

Rebbi said "in front of whom did you learn Mikra?'' He said "in front of Rav Hamnuna of Bavel.'' [Rebbi] said "when you descend to there, tell him to appoint you to be the Chacham.'' [R. Chaninah] understood that he will not be appointed in Rebbi's lifetime.

After [Rebbi] died, his son wanted to appoint him; he did not accept the appointment. He said, I will not accept the appointment until you appoint R. Pas (R. Efes) of the south before me (he was a bit older).

There was an elder there who said "if R. Chaninah is appointed first, I will be [appointed] second (after him). If R. Pas of the south is appointed first, I will be second.'' R. Chaninah accepted to be appointed third.

(R. Chanina): I merited long life - if it was due to this (accepting to be appointed third), I do not know, or because when I went from Tiverya to Tziporin, I bent the path (went out of my way) to enter to greet R. Shimon ben Chalfusa in Ein Tinah - I do not know [if that was my merit].

Shmuel and these people of Beis Shila used to greet the Nasi every day. The people of Beis Shila used to enter first and sit first. They showed honor to Shmuel and sat him in front. Rav entered, and Shmuel showed honor to him and sat him in front;

The people of Beis Shila said "we are second!'' Shmuel accepted to sit third.

They found three Seforim in the Azarah - Sefer Me'uni, Sefer Za'atutei and Sefer Hi (we will explain them);

In one it was found written "Me'on Elokei Kedem'', and in two it was written "Me'onah Elokei Kedem'' - they affirmed the two and annulled the one (fixed it to be like the others);

In one it was found written "va'Yishlach Es Za'atutei Bnei Yisrael'', and in two it was written "va'Yishlach Es Na'arei Bnei Yisrael'' - they affirmed the two and annulled the one;

(In the Torah, the word "Hi'' is almost always written "Hu''.) In one Sefer, it was written nine times "Hi'', and in two it was written 11 times "Hi''. They affirmed the two and annulled the one.

(R. Levi): They found a document of lineage in Yerushalayim. It was written in it "Hillel is from David, Ben Yetzef is from Asaf, Ben Tzitzis ha'Keses is from Avner, Ben Kuvisin is from Achav, Ben Kalba Savu'a is from Kalev, R. Yanai is from Eli, Beis Tziporin is from Yehu, R. Chiyah Rabah is from Bnei Shaftiyah ben Avital, R. Yosi bei R. Chlifta is from Bnei Yonadav ben Rechev, R. Nechemyah is from Nechemyah ha'Tirshasa.''

(Beraisa): The order of reclining [at a meal] - when there are two beds, the greater person reclines first on the "higher'' bed (its foot is near the other's head), and the second is below him (so if the Gadol needs to speak to the other, he need not turn around);

When there are three beds, the greater person reclines first on the middle bed, the second is above him, and the third is below [the Gadol, and if there are more,] so they order them (If there are four, the fourth is below the third. If there are five, the fourth is above the second, and the fifth is below the third - HA'GAON RAV C. KANIEVSKY, SHLITA.)

(R. Shmuel bar Rav Yitzchak): The Avos are buried like the order of reclining (Avraham in the middle, Yitzchak above him, and Yakov below Avraham).

(R. Yakov bar Acha citing R. Yosah): Really, the world exists only due to the Korbanos (even though the coming teaching connotes unlike this).

A Mishnah there taught that Shimon ha'Tzadik was from the remnants of Keneses ha'Gedolah. He said, on three things the world stands - on Torah, on Avodah and on bestowing Chesed;

All three of them are in one verse - "va'Asim Devarai b'Ficha'' is Torah. "Uv'Tzel Yadi Kisisicha'' is bestowing Chesed, to teach you that anyone who engages in Torah and in bestowing Chesed merits to sit in the shade of ha'Kadosh Baruch Hu. (Below we cite the continuation of this verse, which alludes to Avodah.)

This is like it is written "Mah Yekar Chasdecha Elokim u'Vnei Adam b'Tzel Kenafecha Yechesayun.''

"Linto'a Shamayim v'Lisod Aretz'' are Korbanos. "V'Leimor l'Tziyon Ami Atah'' are Yisrael.

(R. Chinena bar Papa): We looked through all of Tanach, and we find that Yisrael are called Tziyon only in this place - "v'Leimor l'Tziyon Ami Atah.''

A Mishnah there taught that R. Shimon ben Gamliel says, on three things the world stands - on Din, on Emes and Shalom. All three are one matter. When Din (judgment) is done, Emes is done and Shalom is made.

(R. Mana): All three of them are in one verse - "Emes u'Mishpat Shalom Shiftu bi'Sh'areichem.''

(Mishnah): On Sunday, [Ma'amados] read [Parshiyos] Bereishis and Yehi Raki'a. On Monday, they read Yehi Raki'a and Yikavu ha'Mayim. On Tuesday, they read Yikavu ha'Mayim and Yehi Me'oros. On Wednesday, they read Yehi Me'oros and Yishretzu ha'Mayim. On Thursday, they read Yishretzu ha'Mayim and Totzei ha'Aretz. On Friday, they read va'Ychulu ha'Shamayim veha'Aretz v'Chol Tzeva'am;

A big Parshah (each day, the bigger Parshah is at least five verses), two people read it. A small Parshah, one person reads it. In Shacharis, Musaf and Minchah they enter and read by heart, like one who reads Shma;

On Erev Shabbos at Minchah they did not enter, due to Kevod (so they will have time to prepare needs of) Shabbos.

Every day that there is Hallel, there is no Ma'amad (i.e. Keri'ah in) Shacharis. [When there is] Korban Musaf, there is no [Keri'ah in] Ne'ilah. [When there is] Korban Etzim, there is no [Keri'ah in] Minchah. R. Akiva says so;

Ben Azai (to R. Akiva): R. Yehoshua said as follows - [when there is] Korban Musaf, there is no [Keri'ah in] Minchah. [When there is] Korban Etzim, there is no [Keri'ah in] Ne'ilah. R. Akiva retracted to teach like Ben Azai's words.

(Gemara - R. Chunah): Three readings in the Torah may not have less than 10 verses.

Source (Chizkiyah): This corresponds to Aseres ha'Dibros.

Question: Our Mishnah says that on Sunday, they read [Parshiyos] Bereishis and Yehi Raki'a. They have only eight [verses together]!

Answer (R. Idi): Kahana and Asa argued about this. One said that he repeats [verses], and one says that he cuts;

The one who said that he repeats, he repeats two verses. The one who says that he cuts, "va'Yhi Erev va'Yhi Boker'' (with the count of the day, e.g. Yom Sheni) is a verse by itself. (He says the first half, and the translator translates it, and then "va'Yhi Erev...'', and it is translated, so it seems like two verses. The Yerushalmi allows this only for "va'Yhi Erev...'', for sometimes it is a verse by itself - SHA'AREI TORAS ERETZ YISRAEL. In this way, the last verse of Parshas Bereishis counts as two verses, and also the last verse of Parshas Yehi Raki'a, so there are 10 in all.)

Question (Mishnah): On Monday, they read Yehi Raki'a and Yikavu ha'Mayim. (Together, they have eight verses.)

One said that he repeats, and one says that he cuts. [Granted,] the one who said that he repeats, he repeats two verses. [However,] the one who says that he cuts, even if he cuts, there are not (10! Making "va'Yhi Erev va'Yhi Boker Yom Sheni'' a verse by itself adds one verse. However, "va'Yhi Erev va'Yhi Boker Yom Shelishi'' is already a verse by itself!)

Question (against R. Chunah - Rav Plifa, to R. Ze'irah): Parshas Amalek (at the end of Parshas Beshalach, which we read on Purim) does not have 10 verses (it has only nine)!

Answer (R. Ze'irah): That is different, for it [completes] what is relevant to the day. (We should not read something not relevant to the day in order to complete 10 verses.)

Question (R. Lazar bar Marom, to R. Yonah): It was taught that the one who says the Haftorah in the Navi may not say less than 21 verses [corresponding to seven who read in the Torah at least three verses each. If every three must read 10, the first six read at least 20, and the last must read another three! The Yerushalmi did not bring the answer. Really, R. Chunah discussed when only three read. He agrees that when more read, it suffices for each to read three - HA'GAON RAV C. KANIEVSKY, SHLITA.]

(Beraisa): People of the Ma'amad used to fast every day. On Monday they fasted for people who travel on the sea - "va'Yomer Elokim Yehi Raki'a b'Soch ha'Mayim.''

On Tuesday they fasted for people who travel on the road - "va'Yomer Elokim Yikavu ha'Mayim mi'Tachas ha'Shamayim [v'Sera'eh ha'Yabashah].''

On Wednesday, they fasted for children, lest croup enter their mouths. "Va'Yomer Elokim Yehi Me'oros'' - it is written Me'eras (a curse).

On Thursday, they fasted for pregnant women, lest they miscarry, and for nursing women, lest their babies die - "va'Yomer Elokim Yishretzu ha'Mayim Sheretz Nefesh Chayah'' (to exclude Nefalim, i.e. stillborn babies).

(Beraisa): They did not fast on Erev Shabbos or Motza'ei Shabbos, due to Kevod Shabbos. (On Friday, they need strength to prepare needs of Shabbos. On Sunday they are weak, for they lost the extra Neshamah - HA'GAON RAV C. KANIEVSKY, SHLITA.)

(Beraisa): The Great Sanhedrin would fast with them.

Question: Can the Sanhedrin fast every day (i.e. four days a week the entire year)?!

Answer: They divided themselves into Batei Avos. (They rotated; each day, some of them fasted.)

We do not fast [or pray] for two matters at once. We learn from "va'Natzumah va'Nevakshah me'Elokeinu Al Zos.''

(R. Tanchuma): We do not learn from there, rather, from "v'Rachamin Lemiv'ei Min Kadam Eloka Shemaya Al Razah Denah.''

(R. Chagai citing R. Ze'irah): If there were two matters such as withholding of rain and locusts, we blow the Shofar for them [for both of them are to save crops. Likewise, Ma'amados fast on Thursday for pregnant and nursing women, since they are similar concerns. We explained like MASA D'YERUSHALAYIM.]

When R. Chagai went out on a fast, he said in front of them "our brothers - even though we have many troubles in our hearts, [now we should request] only for this that we came.''

Our Mishnah [which holds that normally, there is Keri'ah at every Tefilah] is like R. Meir, for R. Meir says that they pray and read [the Torah], they pray and read. However, Rabanan hold that they pray and read [at Shacharis]. They pray [Minchah] and go.

Inference: (Our Mishnah says that when there is Korban Etzim, there is no Ma'amad in Minchah.) This implies that there is [in] Musaf.

Some switch [and teach that when there is Korban Etzim, there is no Ma'amad in Musaf.] R. Acha citing R. Yosa taught like our Mishnah. (There is an implied question - why is Musaf unlike Minchah?)

R. Yudan: A Siman is "a wooden bolt closes'' (the Mishnah concludes with teaching that a Korban of wood overrides Ma'amad at Ne'ilah, i.e. closure. This is like ALEI TAMAR.)

Answer (R. Mana): [When there is Korban Musaf, i.e. Rosh Chodesh, there is no Ma'amad at Minchah,] due to Seudas Rosh Chodesh.

Answer #2 (R. Lazar): It is because whatever is Tadir (more frequent) than the other, it comes first. (Minchah is more Tadir than Ne'ilah, therefore we fulfill Ma'amad of Minchah and override of Ne'ilah - SHA'AREI TORAS ERETZ YISRAEL.)

(R. Chiya bar Ba): R. Yochanan commanded [people of] the Beis ha'Keneses of Kufra "elders - come to the Beis ha'Keneses [to begin Seudas Rosh Chodesh] while it is still day [and continue eating into the night], and say [Ya'aleh v'Yavo in Birkas ha'Mazon, for you ate] in its time (the 30th of the month) and the added day (the 31st).''

A verse supports R. Yochanan - "va'Yhi mi'Macharas ha'Chodesh ha'Sheni'' - if you will say that it is the second month, [this cannot be, for] it says "why didn't Ben Yishai come to the meal, also yesterday and also today?'' (I.e. they made Seudas Rosh Chodesh on both days - PNEI MOSHE, SHA'AREI TORAS ERETZ YISRAEL.)