Mishnah 1
1)
(a)If someone places a sack of fruit beside a river, on top of a water-pit or on the steps of a cave, the Tana Kama declares be'Chi'Yutan all the water that the fruit absorbs. Why is that?
(b)How does R. Yehudah qualify this ruling? When is it be'Chi Yutan' and when is it not be'Chi Yutan?
(c)Like whom is the Halachah?
1)
(a)If someone places a sack of fruit (see Tos. Yom-Tov) beside a river, on top of a water-pit or on the steps of a cave, the Tana Kama declares be'Chi'Yutan all the water that the fruit absorbs - because the owner is only too pleased that the fruit absorbs the water, as it causes it to swell in size, making it look fatter.
(b)R. Yehudah qualifies this ruling by confining it to the fruit which is level with the water, but the fruit that is not, is not be'Chi Yutan (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
(c)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.
Mishnah 2
2)
(a)What does the Mishnah say about a (closed) barrel full of fruit that is submerged inside a barrel that is full of liquid?
(b)What if the barrel of liquid is submerged inside the barrel of fruit?
(c)What sort of barrel is the Tana talking about?
(d)Which three liquids is the Tana referring to?
(e)Why will the above ruling not apply to olive-oil, honey, milk, blood and dew?
2)
(a)The Mishnah rules that if a (closed) barrel full of fruit is submerged inside a barrel that is full of liquid - all the fruit that has become moist (a sign that it absorbed some of the liquid through the wall of the barrel) is be'Chi Yutan ...
(b)... and the same will apply if the barrel of liquid is submerged inside the barrel of fruit.
(c)The Tana is talking about a barrel that - is made either of earthenware or of soft stone.
(d)The three liquids the Tana is referring to are - water, wine and vinegar ...
(e)... but not to olive-oil, honey, milk, blood and dew - which are too dense to penetrate the wall of the vessel and to wet the fruit inside it (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
3)
(a)What does R. Nechemyah say about the above case there where the fruit happens to be legumes?
(b)Like whom is the Halachah?
3)
(a)R. Nechemyah rules that if, in the above case, the fruit happens to be legumes, such as peas and beans - it is not be'Chi Yutan, because they generally do not absorb liquid.
(b)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.
Mishnah 3
4)
(a)When R. Meir declares Tamei, bread that one has removed from the oven and placed on top of a barrel of wine, he might mean this literally (on the assumption that the Tana is talking about Tamei wine). What else might he mean?
(b)R. Yehudah says that it is Tahor. What does R. Yossi say?
(c)Like whom is the Halachah?
(d)Why is the bread not Tamei anyway because of the water with which it was kneaded?
4)
(a)When R. Meir declares Tamei, bread that one has removed from the oven and placed on top of a barrel of wine, he might mean this literally (on the assumption that the Tana is talking about Tamei wine). Alternatively, he might mean that - it is be'Chi Yutan.
(b)R. Yehudah says that it is Tahor. R. Yossi - differentiates between wheat-bread (which does not absorb and is Tahor) and barley-bread (which absorbs and is Tamei).
(c)The Halachah is - like R. Yossi.
(d)The bread is not Tamei anyway because of the water with which it was kneaded - since the Tana is speaking about bread that was kneaded with fruit-juice (which is not subject to be'Chi Yutan).
Mishnah 4
5)
(a)The Mishnah now discusses someone who places wheat in a room in which he has just performed Rivutz. What is Rivutz?
(b)If the wheat becomes wet, on what condition is it be'Chi Yutan and on what condition is it not?
(c)Why the difference?
5)
(a)The Mishnah now discusses someone who places wheat in a room in which he has just performed Rivutz - sprinkled water to settle the dust.
(b)If the wheat becomes wet, it is be'Chi Yutan - provided its wetness is due to the water, but not if it is on account of the moist on the ground ...
(c)... because - whereas the owner wanted the water that he sprinkled, he did not want the water that is on the ground.
6)
(a)What does the Tana say about someone who, after washing his shirt in a bowl, places wheat in it and the wheat gets wet? On what condition is the wheat be'Chi Yutan and on what condition is it not?
(b)What is the status of fruit that one buries in the sand (to preserve it)?
(c)Why is that?
(d)What did the Chachamim say to the men of Mechoz who did this regularly?
6)
(a)The Tana rules that if someone who, after washing his shirt in a bowl, places wheat in it and the wheat gets wet, it is be'Chi Yutan - provided the wetness comes from the water, but not if it comes from itself (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
(b)Fruit that one buries in the sand (to preserve it) - is be'Chi Yutan ...
(c)... since everyone knows that sand always contains some water.
(d)The Chachamim told the men of Mechoz who did this regularly that - if that was what they did, they had never dealt with Taharos in their lives.
Mishnah 5
7)
(a)On what condition does R. Shimon declare be'Chi Yutan fruit that one places in dry mud in order to keep it moist?
(b)Why does someone who sprinkles water in his granary to settle the dust, not need to worry about any wheat that is lying there?
7)
(a)R. Shimon declares be'Chi Yutan fruit that one places in dry mud in order to keep it moist - provided it is sufficiently wet to wet a finger that is dipped into it (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
(b)Someone who sprinkles water in his granary to settle the dust need not worry about any wheat that is lying there - because it does not become be'Chi Yutan anyway (see Tiferes Yisrael & Tos. Yom-Tov).
8)
(a)Why does the Mishnah not consider be'Chi Yutan grass that is wet with dew and that has been picked with the intention of using it to wrap with it wheat to make it moist (see Mishnah Achronah)?
(b)On what condition does the Tana consider ...
1. ... it be'Chi Yutan?
2. ... be'Chi Yutan wheat on which rain falls whilst one is taking it to be ground?
(c)What does R. Yehudah say?
8)
(a)The Mishnah does not consider be'Chi Yutan grass that is wet with dew and that has been picked with the intention of using it to wrap with it wheat to make it moist - because the picker is concerned with the natural moist of the grass, and not with the dew (Mishnah Achronah).
(b)The Tana does consider ...
1. ... it be'Chi Yutan however - if he specifically has the dew in mind.
2. ... be'Chi Yutan wheat on which rain falls whilst one is taking it to be ground - provided he is pleased with the rain falling on it.
(c)According to R. Yehudah however - despite the fact that he is obviously pleased with the rainfall, he needs to deliberately remain there (to perform some sort of demonstrative act [See Tiferes Yisrael]) before it can be considered be'Chi Yutan.
Mishnah 6
9)
(a)What does the Tana Kama say about olives that one places on the roof and on which rain subsequently falls? On what condition do the olives become be'Chi Yutan?
(b)What does R. Yehudah say? Which two possible acts does he cite for the olives to become be'Chi Yutan?
(c)Like whom do we rule in all the current cases?
9)
(a)Likewise, the Tana Kama declares be'Chi Yutan olives that one places on the roof and on which rain subsequently falls - provided he is pleased with the rain.
(b)Here too - R. Yehudah requires a demonstrative act, such as to stop up the drainage pipe or to shake the water from the pipe on to the olives.
(c)In all the current cases - we rule like the Tana Kama.
Mishnah 7
10)
(a)On what condition does the Tana Kama declare be'Chi Yutan sacks of wheat that ass-drivers are transporting across the river that fall into the water?
(b)What does R. Yehudah say?
10)
(a)The Tana Kama declares be'Chi Yutan sacks of wheat that ass-drivers are transporting across the river that fall into the water - provided they are pleased that they did ...
(b)... whereas R. Yehudah once again, after stressing that their pleasure may be taken for granted, nevertheless requires a demonstrative act (such as turning the opening of the sacks towards the river, to facilitate the water's access).
11)
(a)The Tana Kama and R. Yehudah repeat their Machlokes in the case of a person who wades through a river with his cow or sheep, whose dirty feet get washed in the process, regarding the water on the legs of the animals to be considered be'Chi Yutan. What act does R. Yehudah require to demonstrate the person's pleasure in this case?
(b)What if it his own feet that get washed or those of a Tamei animal?
11)
(a)The Tana Kama and R. Yehudah repeat their Machlokes in the case of a person who wades through a river with his cow or sheep, whose dirty feet get washed in the process, regarding the water on the legs of the animals to be considered be'Chi Yutan. The act R. Yehudah requires to demonstrate the person's pleasure in this case is - that of stopping in the water and washing the animal's feet (see Tos-Yom-Tov).
(b)But if it his own feet that get washed or those of a Tamei animal - then even R. Yehudah will agree that the water is be'Chi Yutan, without having to perform any demonstrative act (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
Mishnah 8
12)
(a)The Mishnah now discusses someone who places carriage wheels or other plowing accessories in a pool of water. Why does he do that?
(b)What does be'Sha'as ha'Kadim mean?
12)
(a)The Mishnah now discusses someone who places carriage wheels or other plowing accessories in a pool of water - to cause the cracks that appear during heat-waves to bond (see also Tos. Yom-Tov).
(b)Be'Sha'as ha'Kadim means - when the east-wind blows.
13)
(a)What does the Tana now say about the water that remains on the wheels and the accessories after they have been removed from the pool?
(b)Having taken one's animal down to the water to drink, what distinction does the Tana draw between the water that remains in its mouth and the water that remains on its legs?
(c)On what condition will even the latter be be'Chi Yutan?
13)
(a)The Tana now declares be'Chi Yutan the water that remains on the wheels and the accessories after they have been removed from the pool.
(b)Having taken one's animal down to the water to drink, what distinction does the Tana draws a distinction between the water that remains in its mouth and the water that remains on its legs - in that the former is be'Chi Yutan, whilst the latter is not ...
(c)... unless he actually has in mind to wash the animal's legs.
14)
(a)The Mishnah states two situations where the water on the animal's legs is be'Chi Yutan even if the owner had no specific Kavanah. One of them the Tana describes as be'Sha'as ha'Yachaf. What does be'Sha'as ha'Yachaf mean?
(b)What is the other situation?
(c)What is the reason for this ruling?
(d)What other reason might there be to cause the owner to be pleased with the animal's legs being washed whilst it is threshing (see Tos. Yom-Tov)?
14)
(a)The Mishnah states two situations where the water on the animal's legs is be'Chi Yutan even if the owner had no specific Kavanah. One of them the Tana describes as be'Sha'as ha'Yachaf - where the animal is tired after a long journey (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
(b)The other situation is - whilst it is threshing ...
(c)... because under these conditions, the water cools the animal down and the owner is bound to be pleased with it.
(d)The other reason that might cause the owner to be pleased with the animal's legs being washed whilst it is threshing (see Tos. Yom-Tov) is - to ensure that they are clean when the animal threshes the corn.
15)
(a)And what does the Tana finally say about a Chashu who had in mind to wash the animal's legs?
(b)Why is that?
15)
(a)The Tana finally rules that if it is a Chashu that is leading the animal, the water on them is not be'Chi Yutan, even though he had in mind to wash the animal's legs ...
(b)... because even though the acts of a Chashu can render the water be'Chi Yutan, that does not apply to acts that require Machshavah (because he does not have Da'as).
Hadran alach 'Sak she'Hu ... '
