1)

(a)The definition of Yados (handles of food) is - stalks by means of which one suspends the fruit to which it is attached, or with which one holds it whilst eating it.

(b)If an Av ha'Tum'ah touches such a handle - the food becomes a Rishon le'Tum'ah as well.

(c)... because the handle is considered joined to the food.

(d)The Mishnah now rules that - by the same token, if a T'vul-Yom touches it, the (Terumah or Hekdesh) food also becomes Pasul.

2)

(a)According to R. Meir, if a small piece of food breaks off from a large piece and they are still partially attached, they are considered joined as long as, if one were to pick up the large piece, the small piece will come with it (see Tos. Yom-Tov). R. Yehudah maintains that - they are only considered joined if, when one picks up the small piece, the large piece comes with it.

(b)R. Nechemyah says 'ba'Tahor' - the criterion is not a matter of size, but depends on whether, if one picks up whichever piece the T'vul-Yom did not touch, the other one comes up with it.

(c)And when the Chachamim say 'ba'Tamei' - they switch the criterion to the piece that the T'vul-Yom did touch.

(d)The Halachah is - like the Chachamim.

3)

(a)The Mishnah rules that a vegetable that one tends to hold by its leaf is considered joined - provided if one does, the vegetable comes with it ...

(b)... irrespective of whether the T'vul-Yom touched the leaf or the vegetable.

4)

(a)The Tana Kama rules in a case where a T'vul-Yom touches a scrambled egg (see Tos. Yom-Tov) that is sticking to a vegetable of Terumah that - only the stalk to which the egg is sticking becomes Pasul.

(b)R. Yossi declares the vegetable Tahor - if, due to the heat, the egg formed in the shape of a hat, and the vegetable is inside the hollow (see Tiferes Yisrael).

(c)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.

5)

(a)If a T'vul-Yom touches a strip of egg that is stuck to the frying-pan, the Tana Kama considers it joined to the Terumah that is frying in it - as long as the T'vul-Yom touches it inside the pan.

(b)According to R. Yossi - even if he does, only the food that comes with the strip of egg when one picks it up becomes Pasul.

(c)The Halachah is - like he Tana Kama.

(d)The Mishnah - equates a strip of legumes that is stuck to the pan with the strip of egg.

6)

(a)'Iysah she'Nidm'ah' is - a dough that comprises a mixture of Terumah and Chulin.

(b)The Mishnah now rules that if a T'vul-Yom touches such a dough or one which became Chametz through a Terumah yeast, he does not make it Pasul - because we go after the dough, and not after the yeast (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(c)R. Yossi and R. Shimon - declare it Pasul.

7)

(a)The Tana now discusses a T'vul-Yom who touches a dough that, before being kneaded with fruit-juice, was Huchshar Lekabeil Tum'ah - when it was boiled in water.

(b)The Mishnah needs to insert the fact that it did - because fruit-juice on its own is not Machshir.

8)

(a)R. Elazar ben Yehudah Ish Bartosa quoting R. Yehoshua, declares the entire dough Pasul - because fruit-juice joins the dough, to make it one entity.

(b)According to R. Akiva - also quoting R. Yehoshua, only the spot that he touches becomes Tamei (see Tos. Yom-Tov) ...

(c)... because, seeing as fruit-juice is not Machshir, we consider it as if it was not there.

(d)The Halachah is - like R. Akiva.

9)

(a)In a case where a T'vul-Yom touches a Chulin vegetable that has been cooked in Terumah oil, R. Elazar ben Yehudah Ish Bartosa and R. Akiva, each quoting R. Yehoshua - rule just as they ruled in the previous case.

(b)R. Akiva's reason is - because he maintains that oil does not combine.

(c)The Halachah is - like R. Akiva (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

10)

(a)The Mishnah rules that if the food that a person is chewing together with some spit from his mouth falls on to his clothes and on to a Terumah loaf it - (the loaf) remains Tahor.

(b)Tahor means that - it does not become Muchshar Lekabeil Tum'ah (see Tos. Yom-Tov & Tiferes Yisrael).

(c)We might have thought that it is Tamei - seeing as spit is generally Machshir.

(d)Here however, it isn't - because he is certainly not pleased that it fell on his clothes.

11)

(a)In a case where a person is eating softened olives and wet dates and the pit falls out of his mouth with some spit on it, the loaf is Tamei - provided he still intends to suck the pit ...

(b)... because he wants the spit - and therefore renders it Chashuv.

(c)And he declares the Terumah-loaf Tahor - if either the olives and the dates are dry, or the owner does not intend to suck the pit (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

12)

(a)The Tana Kama does not differentiate in the latter ruling between whether the person is Tahor or whether he is a T'vul-Yom. Rebbi Meir maintains - that if he is a T'vul-Yom, it is Tamei ...

(b)... because a T'vul-Yom is considered Tamei in this regard, and the liquids of a Tamei is Machshir.

(c)The Chachamim counter that - a T'vul-Yom is not considered Tamei (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

(d)The Halachah is - like the Chachamim.