1)

(a)The Mishnah issues rules that everyone - even a new-born baby, is Metamei be'Zivah.

(b)The Tana includes in his list converts, slaves who have been set free ...

1. ... slaves who have not been set free and ...

2. ... a Chashu (Cheresh, Shoteh & Katan).

(c)We learn from the Pasuk (in Shemini, in connection with Zavim) ...

1. ... ve'Amarta aleihem Ish" - Geirim and Avadim.

2. ... "Ish Ish" - Ketanim (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(d)He also includes S'ris Adam - someone who has been castrated, and S'ris Chamah - someone who was born a Saris.

2)

(a)He also discusses a Tumtum and an Androginus, who are Safek Ish (Zav), Safek Ishah (Zavah [see Tos. Yom-Tov]). A Zav is Metamei - with a white emission, a Zavah - with blood (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(b)The Zivus of a man resembles - the residue water of a barley-dough (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(c)A Tumtum is - someone whose sexual organs are covered over, an Androginus - one who has the sexual organs of both a man and a woman.

3)

(a)The Tana now rules that - we place on a Tumtum and an Androginus the Chumros of both a man and of a woman, inasmuch as he is Metamei with blood, like a woman, and with white, like a man .

(b)Besides the fact that even if they bring a Korban, it is not eaten, the ramifications of the fact that they are a Safek are that - one does not burn Terumah that they touch.

(c)If a Tumtum or an Androginus sees both white and blood, he is Vaday Tamei. We ...

1. ... say this with regard to - burning Terumah that they have touched, but ...

2. ... not with regard to - a Chiyuv Korban for Bi'as Mikdash.

(d)We learn from the Pasuk "mi'Zachar ad Nekeivah Teshaleichu" that - only a Vaday Zav and a Vaday Nekeivah arfe Chayav a Korban for Bi'as Mikdash, but not a Tumtum and an Androginus (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

4)

(a)The seven examinations that the Mishnah requires of a Zav are - to ensure that he sighting was a natural occurrence, and not on account of an Oneis.

(b)We learn thi from the Pasuk "Zav mi'Besaro" - which implies that it flowed on its own initiative, and not through some other incentive.

(c)The first two listed items are food and drink - fatty foods such as fat milk, cheese and eggs, old wine, a bean stew and cress ...

(d)... irrespective of how little he ate.

(e)Excessive drink might also bring it on.

5)

(a)The third item is carrying a heavy load, the fourth, jumping and the fifth - illness.

(b)The last two items on the list are Mar'eh - having seen a beautiful woman, even without lewd thoughts [see Tiferes Yisrael]) and Hirhur - having thought about a woman, even without having seen her at that moment.

(c)All of these occur - before the second the second sighting of Zivus (as we will see shortly).

(d)The ramifications of this ruling are that - he does not become a Zav (but remains a Ba'al Keri).

6)

(a)R. Yehudah adds two leniencies regarding the examination of Mar'eh (both of which do not incur seeing a woman). One of them is seeing animals or birds mating, the other - seeing the woman's colored clothes.

(b)R. Akiva adds that - we will attribute his sighting to any ...

1. ... food, good or bad that he ate, or any beverage that he ...

2. ... drank - prior to it (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

(c)The Chachamim object to R. Akiva's leniency however, on the grounds that - it just about eliminates the possibility of becoming a Zav.

(d)The latter counters their objection in that - it is not our responsibility to establish Zavim in the world.

7)

(a)According to the Tana Kama, one no longer examines the Zav - once he has had two definite sightings.

(b)If a Zav eats a lot or jumps before ...

1. ... his third sighting - these will not affect his status of Zav Ba'al Shalosh Re'iyos.

2. ... a sighting during the seven clean days - he is nevertheless obligated to start counting the seven clean days from scratch.

8)

(a)When the Tama adds to the previous ruling that his Safek and his semen are Tamei too, he means that - if the third sighting of Zivus follows a sighting of Keri, the Keri does not affect the Zivus, and he is a Zav ...

(b)... because the fact that this occurred after he was already established as a Zav Ba'al Sh'tei Re'iyos indicates the third sighting was one of Zivus, and not of Oneis.

(c)If a man sees the first sighting of Zov after having seen Keri - he is a Zav Ba'al Sh'tei Re'iyos (who is Patur from a Korban), because the first sighting of Keri does not detract from the sighting of Zivus that follows, as we eill see shortly.

(d)By the same token, if a man's second sighting of Zivus occurs within twenty-four hours of seeing a woman or thinking about one - it is considered a Re'iyas Oneis; whereas if it occurs after eating or drinking, carrying a burden or jumping - it will depend on whether he is still affected by them or not (Bartenura, beginning of Mishnah 3)

9)

(a)The examination of the first sighting is effective - with regard to exempting him from a Korban, should he have two more sightings (though he will be a Zav Ba'al Sh'tei Re'iyos anyway); Whereas the examination after the second sighting - will negate his previous sighting completely, should it be proven that his sighting was be'Oneis ...

(b)... because the D'rashah "mi'Besaro", 've'Lo Machmas Onso' refers to the second sighting.

(c)On the other hand, we learn from the Pasuk "Zos Toras ha'Zav va'asher Teitzei mimenu Shichvas-Zera" that - the first sighting of Zivus, like Keri, is considered Zivus even if it was be'Oneis (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

10)

(a)According to the Tana Kama - one does not examine the Zav after his third sighting, whereas ...

(b)according to R. Eliezer - one does (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

11)

(a)We have already learned that if a man sees the first sighting of Zivus Me'eis Le'eis (within twenty-four hours [see Tos. Yom-Tov]) of having seen Keri, his sighting is considered be'Oneis. The Tana is talking about - the second sighting of Zivus (since the first sighting is Metamei be'Oneis).

(b)In the equivalent case, only where the second sighting of the Zav was preceded by ...

1. ... seeing a woman or thinking about her - the Din will be the same.

2. ... eating or drinking, carrying or jumping - the time-period (to be considered Oneis) will be as long the affects of any of these actions have not worn off (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(c)The above is the opinion of the Tana Kama. According to R. Yossi - the time-period is until the following nightfall (see Tos. Yom-Tov [not Me'is Le'eis]).

(d)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.

12)

(a)The Mishnah rules that a Nochri who sees Keri, converts and immediately has a sighting of Zivus - is a Zav.

(b)Bearing in mind that the first sighting of a Zav is Metamei even be'Oneis - the Tana must therefore be speaking in a case where the Zav had a sighting prior to his seeing Keri.

(c)This ruling is based on the principle - Ger she'Nisgayer, ke'Katan she'Nolad Dami (once a Nochri converts, he is like a new-born baby [see Tos. Yom-Tov]).

13)

(a)The Tana now discusses other areas of Halachah where the criterion of Me'eis Le'eis applies. When he says ...

1. ... ha'Ro'eh Dam, he is referring to - a Nidah whose sighting renders any Taharos with which she was working Me'eis Le'eis Tamei retroactively.

2. ... ha'Maksheh - he is referring to a woman who gives birth during the eleven days of Zivus after three consecutive days of pain, who is not a Zavah unless she had relief from pain a Me'eis Le'eis prior to the birth (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(b)The same time-period applies to someone who beats his Eved Cana'ani and he dies - who is Chayav Misah, unless the Eved died after a period of Me'eis Le'eis.

(c)The Torah actually writes "Ach im Yom O Yomayim Ya'amod ... ".

14)

(a)The final case in the above list concerns a dog that retained a piece of Meis that it ate in its stomach. The ruling there is that - it is Metamei ...

(b)... up to three Me'eis Le'eis (the time it takes for a dog to digest flesh that it has eaten [see Tiferes Yisrael).

15)

(a)The Mishnah lists five ways in which a Zav (see Tos. Yom-Tov) renders an article Tamei Mishkav. Mishkav incorporate - Moshav (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(b)The ramifications of Tum'as Mishkav are that - the bed or the chair on which the Zav lay or sat is Metamei a person who does likewise, together with the clothes that he is wearing.

(c)Three of those ways are standing, sitting and lying. The remaining two are - hanging and leaning.

(d)Hanging in this context means that - one of a pair of scales outweighs the Zav who is sitting in the other scale (Bartenura DH 've'ha'Mishkav ... ').

16)

(a)The Torah writes in Metzora "Kol ha'Mishkav asher Yishkav alav ha'Zav Yitma" and "ve'ha'Yoshev al ha'K'li asher Hi Yosheves Alav ... " - incorporating vice-versa, where the Zav is lying on a chair or sitting on a bed.

(b)We know ...

1. ... that, and ...

2. ... that they also become Tamei Mishkav if the Zav stood stood, leaned or hung on them - from the extra word there "Yitma".

(c)The title that all the above have in common is that of Medras.

17)

(a)The Tana lists the same five things, plus two, that the Mishkav renders the person who then lies or sits ... on it. The two items that it adds to the list are - Maga & Masa (touching and carrying).

(b)The ramifications of this ruling are that - if a Tahor person touches or carries the bed or the chair ... , he becomes an Av ha'Tum'ah.

(c)Hang in this context means that - the Zav sitting in one scale outweighs the other scale.

18)

(a)The Tamei person is now Metamei not only clothes, but any other utensils that he touches - as long as he is still lying on the bed or sitting on the chair (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(b)The two exceptions to this ruling - are people and earthenware utensils, which will remain Tahor.