[109a - 43 lines; 109b - 53 lines]
1)[line 12]מיתה מפלתMISAH MAPELES / NISU'IN HA'RISHONIM MAPILIM
(a)When a man dies childless, a bond called "Zikah" is formed between his wife (or wives) and her brother-in-law (or brothers-in-law) for the purpose of performing the Mitzvah of Yibum. The wives of the dead brother may not marry until one of them has performed Yibum or Chalitzah with one of the brothers-in-law.
(b)The Tana'im argue over which point in time marks the beginning of the process of Yibum when a man dies childless. According to some, it starts at the moment the childless brother dies and Zikah is forged ("Misah Mapeles"). Others maintain that the beginning of the process of Yibum can be traced back to well before the actual Zikah is forged. In a sense, the woman begins to fall to Yibum from the moment that she marries the person who will eventually die childless ("Nisu'in Mapilim"). Yet others maintain that if the woman married and was divorced, and then remarried the person who eventually dies childless, the process of Yibum starts, to some measure, from the moment that she was first married to him, and not from when she became remarried to him ("Nisu'in ha'Rishonim Mapilim").
(c)All of the above opinions agree that whether or not there is an obligation of Yibum depends on whether the dead husband was childless at the time of his death. All agree, as well, that only if the husband dies childless does "Zikah" take effect, and not if he divorces his wives. They argue over a number of specific Halachos in Yibum, e.g. the Petur of Tzaras Ervah mentioned at the end of the Mishnah 2b (see Background to Yevamos 30:7d).
2)[line 16]דיתבא תותיהD'YASVA TUSEI- she is living with him
3)[line 17]דאהדרה באורתאD'AHADRAH B'URTA- that he remarried her at night
4)[line 17]ושכיב בצפראV'SHACHIV B'TZAFRA- and died the following morning
5)[line 36]אי לו על אשתו אי לו על אשת אחיוEI LO AL ISHTO; EI LO AL ESHES ACHIV!- Woe to him for his own wife; woe to him for his brother's wife!
6)[line 39]ובהפרת נדריםHAFARAS NEDARIM
(a)A man has the right to annul certain vows of his wife and his daughter, as the Torah states in Bamidbar 30:6, 9, 13-14. He accomplishes this if on the day that he hears the vow he states "Mufar Lach" ("it is annulled"). There is an argument among the Tana'im whether the vow must be annulled before nightfall on the day the husband/father heard it, or before 24 hours pass from when he heard it (Shabbos 157a).
(b)A father may annul the vows of his daughter while she is a minor or Na'arah (when she grows two pubic hairs) until she becomes a Bogeres (six months after she becomes a Na'arah). If the father marries her off when she is a minor, during the period of Eirusin both the father and the future husband must annul the vows for them to be considered annulled. After the period of Nisu'in, the husband may annul the vows and not the father. Nobody may annul the vows of an unmarried mature woman; they need to be revoked, as follows.
(c)When an adult makes a Neder (or designates Chalah, Terumah or Kodshim) or Nezirus, he may have it revoked by a Beis Din of three (if they are not outstanding authorities) or a Yachid Mumcheh (an outstanding authority). The general method used is that Beis Din investigates whether the person would not have made the Neder in the first place had he been aware of a particular fact.
7)[line 40]הפקדונותHA'PIKDONOS- the trusts, deposits (receiving people's items to watch)
8)[line 40]הערבונותHA'EIRVONOS- the guarantor agreements (becoming a guarantor for people's loans)
109b----------------------------------------109b
9)[line 5]במהBAMAH (BAMAH GEDOLAH / BAMAH KETANAH)
(a)A Bamah is a raised area used for sacrifices. Before the Beis ha'Mikdash was built (when the Mishkan was not in use), there were times when it was permitted to offer sacrifices on public altars (Bamas Tzibur or Bamah Gedolah) and private altars (Bamas Yachid) (see Insights to Pesachim 91:2).
(b)BAMAS TZIBUR: Only one public altar was in use at any particular time. At various times in our history, the Bamas Tzibur was in Gilgal (where the Mishkan stood before the land was completely conquered, until it was moved to Shiloh), Nov and Giv'on (after the Mishkan in Shiloh was destroyed, see Zevachim 112b). An individual could offer only voluntary sacrifices on a Bamas Tzibur. There is a difference of opinion among the Tana'im as to whether all communal sacrifices could be offered on a Bamas Tzibur or only the communal sacrifices that have a fixed time (Zevachim 117a).
(c)BAMAS YACHID: Any man, even if he was not a Kohen, could build a Bamas Yachid anywhere in Eretz Yisrael and offer upon it his personal sacrifices. Only voluntary sacrifices were allowed to be offered on a Bamas Yachid.
10)[line 7]דלמא גדלה ומיחרטא בהDILMA GADLAH U'MICHARTA BAH- perhaps she will grow older and regret her Mi'un
11a)[line 8]בבר מתאB'VAR MASA- [this is referring to not receiving something to watch from] someone who lives in his (the watchman's) city
b)[line 8]דבייתיה כי בייתיה דמיD'VAISEI KI BAISEI DAMI- since it is as if his own house is his neighbor's house (his neighbor has the opportunity to come in and take back the things he gave him to watch and then surreptitiously demand them returned)
12)[line 9]בערבי שלציוןB'ARAVEI SHELTZIYON- with guarantors of Sheltziyon, which is (a) a place where creditors demand payment from the guarantor rather than the debtor; (b) a type of guarantee in which the creditor can demand payment from the guarantor rather than the debtor. The word is a composite of "Shelof - Dotz" - he "extracts" himself from collecting from the debtor and "transfixes" himself on the guarantor
13)[line 10]"רע ירוע כי ערב זר [ושנא תוקעים בוטח]""RA YERO'A KI ARAV ZAR, [V'SONEI SOK'IM BOTE'ACH.]"- "He who gives surety for a stranger will be utterly broken; [but he who hates suretyship (alt. handshakes) is secure.]" (Mishlei 11:15)
14)[line 12]ולתוקע עצמו לדבר הלכהL'TOKE'A ATZMO LI'DVAR HALACHAH- he who "sets himself in" to the matter of the law, as the Gemara continues to explain
15a)[line 14]כספחת בעורK'SAPACHAS B'OR- like a mark of Tzara'as on the skin
b)[line 14]כספחתK'SAPACHAS (SAPACHAS)
The names and colors of four types of marks that make a person a Metzora are 1. Baheres, which is the color of snow; 2. Se'es, which is the color of clean, white newborn lamb's wool; 3. Sapachas of Baheres, which is the color of the plaster used to whitewash the Beis ha'Mikdash; 4. Sapachas of Se'es, which is the color of the white membrane found on the inside of an egg.
16)[line 14]דעבדי שלוף דוץD'AVDEI SHELOF DOTZ- [creditors] who operate by demanding payment from the guarantor rather than the debtor (see above, # 12)
17)[line 26]אגראAGRA- reward [for the Mitzvos that his students do]
18)[line 38]מיתלא תלוMITLA TALU- are hanging, hovering
19)[line 44]כי ניים ושכיבKI NAYIM V'SHACHIV- I think that Rav must have been dozing off or sleeping when he stated this teaching
20)[line 50]דאמרה הוא עדיף מינאי ואנא עדיפנא מיניהD'AMRAH, HU ADIF MINAI V'ANA ADIFNA MINEI- (a) since she says, "He is greater than I (in that he can divorce me against my will) and I am greater than he (in that I can perform Mi'un and leave him against his will) (RASHI); According to the Girsa D'AMAR ANA ADIFNA MINEI V'HU ADIF MINAI - (b) Rav Sheshes said about Ravin brei d'Rav Nachman, "Although I know many more Beraisos and Mishnayos than he does, he is greater than I in answering this Beraisa according to Rav" (RABEINU HAI GA'ON, cited by the RASHBA); (c) "I though that I was better than he, but now I see that he is wiser than I, because he was able to answer this Beraisa according to Rav" (RA'AVAD)
21)[line 52]ועמדה ונשאתV'AMDAH V'NIS'ES- and she went and married [someone other than her husband]