Our Mishnah [said from the knee and below, it is Kesherah...] It means, if he ties [the straps] from the knee and below, it is Kesherah; from the knee and above, it is Pasul.

Question: It is written "v'Rachatzu Aharon u'Vanav Mimenu Es Yedeihem v'Es Ragleichem", and it was taught about this that [they wash] the hand until the wrist, and the foot until the ankle (PNEI MOSHE), and here you say so (until the knee)?!

Answer: [Here] is different, for it says "me'Al Raglo" (above what is called Regel).

Question: If so, even above the knee, it should be Kosher!

Answer: [Here] is different, for it says "me'Al Raglo", and not me'Al of me'Al Raglo (above what is above the Regel).

Question (Kahana): It says "uv'Shilyasah ha'Yotzeis mi'Bein Ragleha" - does [the fetal sac] come out between her feet?! (Rather, this shows that Regel includes the thighs!)

Answer: Rather, it looks like it is between her feet, like was taught there about the Kiyor (the laver from which Kohanim wash their hands and feet);

The Kiyor was between the Ulam and the Mizbe'ach, and drawn to the south.

Was it between the Ulam and the Mizbe'ach?! (We said that it was drawn to the south!) Rather, it looked like it was between the Ulam and the Mizbe'ach.

(Mishnah): If he did Chalitzah with a sandal that is not his, or a sandal of idolatry, or of wood, or a left sandal on his right foot, it is Kesherah. ('Wood' includes all vegetation, like the Rambam (Hilchos Kelim 1:13) says about Klei Etz. Below, we find that a straw sandal is considered of wood - PF.)

If the sandal was big but he could walk with it, or small, but it covered the majority of his foot, it is Kesherah.

If Chalitzah was done at night, it is Kosher;

R. Elazar says, it is Pasul.

If Chalitzah was done with the left foot, it is Pasul;

R. Elazar says, it is Kosher.

(Gemara): A Shofar of idolatry or of Ir ha'Nidachas - R. Lazar says, it is Kosher [for the Mitzvah].

R. Chiyah taught that it is Kosher. R. Hoshayah taught that it is Pasul.

: All agree that a Lulav [of idolatry or of Ir ha'Nidachas] is Pasul.

Question: What is the difference between a Shofar and a Lulav?

Answer #1 (R. Yosi): It says about Lulav "u'Lkachtem Lachem" - from yours, and not from Isurei Hana'ah;

However, here (Shofar) it says "Yom Teru'ah Yihyeh Lachem" - in any case (even from Isurei Hana'ah).

Answer #2 (R. Lazar): There, he is Yotzei with [the Lulav] itself. Here, he is Yotzei through the Kol. Is there a sound that is Asur b'Hana'ah?!

All agree that a sandal of Ir ha'Nidachas is Kosher, for it says "Chalutz ha'Na'al" - in any case.

Support (R. Mana): Just like you say there "Yom Teru'ah Yihyeh Lachem" - in any case, so you say here "Chalutz ha'Na'al" - in any case.

(Mishnah): A sandal of wood [is Kosher].

(Talmidim in the name of Rav): This is only if the Chovtin (RAMBAN Shabbos 66a - what the foot touches, i.e. an inner lining over the sole and the straps) is of leather.

(R. Ba citing Rav): This is only if its sole is of leather.

(There (in Bavel) citing Rav): This is only if its Tarsiyos (RASHI Shabbos 112a - places where the straps are fixed) are of leather. (We explained based on RASHBA's text.)

(R. Heila citing R. Yochanan): Even if it is totally of wood, it is Kosher.

Support (for R. Yochanan - Beraisa - R. Akiva): A sandal of straw is Mekabel Tum'as Midras, and a woman may do Chalitzah with it;

However, Chachamim did not agree with him about Midras.

If the flaps, Chavatin or Tarsiyos of a sandal snapped, or if one of the soles came off, it is Tahor;

If one of the flaps, Chavatin or Tarsiyos snapped, or if most of the sole came off, it is Tamei.

R. Yehudah says, if an inner [Ozen or Tarsis] snapped it is Tamei, if an outer one snapped it is Tahor.

(R. Yakov bar Acha citing R. Tavlai citing Chanin bar Ba citing Rav): The Halachah follows R. Yehudah regarding Shabbos (if an outer one snapped, one may not wear it on Shabbos where one may not carry, for it is not considered a shoe. If an inner one snapped, one may wear it.)

A case occurred with R. Shmuel bar Rav Yitzchak (an inner Ozen or Tarsis snapped). He sent R. Yakov bar Acha to ask R. Chiyah bar Ba;

R. Chiya bar Ba: Just like they argue about Tum'ah, they argue about Shabbos. He ruled for him like Rabanan (it is still considered a shoe; one may wear it).

Question (R. Shmuel bar Rav Yitzchak): [Above, R. Yakov bar Acha] heard [in the name of Rav] that the Halachah follows R. Yehudah, and [R. Chiyah] ruled to him like Rabanan?! (R. Shmuel knew that Rav is stringent, but he wanted to know R. Yochanan's opinion, for the Halachah follows him against Rav. He sent R. Yakov to ask R. Chiyah, the Talmid of R. Yochanan. R. Chiyah did not cite R. Yochanan; he gave his own opinion. R. Shmuel was astounded that R. Yakov heard this, and did not tell R. Chiyah that Rav rules like R. Yehudah. We explained this like OHR YAKOV.)

[Such] a case occurred with R. Acha bar Yitzchak. He sent R. Ze'irah to ask R. Imi;

R. Imi: According to the one who says that it is Tamei, one may go out with it [on Shabbos]. According to the opinion that it is Tahor, one may not go out with it.

[R. Ze'irah] did not derive anything from him [about whom the Halachah follows].

(Beraisa): [If it snapped in Reshus ha'Rabim or in Karmelis,] one may go until he reaches the opening of his Chatzer.

R. Acha and R. Ze'ira were going in Reshus ha'Rabim. R. Acha's sandal snapped. Once they reached the gate (of the Rechavah, i.e. a Chatzer in back of houses), R. Ze'ira told him 'this is [like] the opening of your Chatzer' (you may not go further with it. Chachamim did not permit moving Muktzah to avoid a loss. Rather, even though it is hard to walk with it, a person intends to wear it until he reaches a place where it will be guarded.)

R. Acha wrapped a reed [around a sandal that snapped on Shabbos]. R. Avahu wrapped a [medicinal] herb around it.

Inference: R. Avahu holds that it is considered prepared (even though it is used for Refu'ah, it is not Muktzah, for animals eat it).

R. Yonah [when his sandal snapped on Shabbos] cast it into a store in which they sell wafers, even though nearby was the Beis Midrash of R. Lazar (where it would be guarded better), he left it [where it snapped. We explained this section like HA'GAON RAV C. KANIEVSKY, SHLITA.]

Question (R. Yirmeyah, to R. Ze'ira): [If the outside snapped on Shabbos,] may one reverse it (so it will be intact on the outside)?

Answer (R. Ze'ira): It is permitted.

Even so, [R. Ze'ira] told him 'go find a Chacham [who will agree], and you may rely on this [in practice].'

[R. Yirmeyah] went out and found R. Ba bar Mamal. He asked him, and he permitted.

Support (R. Yosi): Our Mishnah shows that [even when reversed,] it is considered a garment! If a left sandal was on his right foot, the Chalitzah is Kesherah.

Limitation: (Our Mishnah said that if the sandal was small, but it covered the majority of his foot, it is Kesherah.) This refers to the width, but the length, it must cover the entire foot. (If not, one cannot walk in it - MEICHAL HA'MAYIM.)

What is R. Eliezer's reason [to disqualify Chalitzah at night? It says] "l'Einei ha'Zekenim."

Question: What do Rabanan expound from "l'Einei ha'Zekenim"?

Answer: This excludes (disqualifies) a blind [judge on the] Beis Din.