(a)On what condition does the Mishnah permit a Chaver who purchased fruit from an Am-ha'Aretz, and who forgot to Ma'aser it before Shabbos, to eat it on Shabbos?
(b)Why is that?
(c)Does the Heter extend to Motza'ei Shabbos?
(d)What is the Din in the same situation, but where a second Am-ha'Aretz testifies that the fruit is Ma'asered?
1)
(a)The Mishnah permits a Chaver who purchased fruit from an Am-ha'Aretz, and who forgot to Ma'aser it before Shabbos, to eat it on Shabbos - provided the Am-ha'Aretz assures him that it is Ma'asered ...
(b)... because even Amei-ha'Aretz revere Shabbos, to the extent that they will not lie on it.
(c)The Heter does not extend to Motza'ei Shabbos, and the moment Shabbos is out, the Chaver may no longer continue to eat it (see Tos. Yom-Tov), until he takes Ma'aser (see Tos. Yom-Tov) from it.
(d)In the same situation, but where a second Am-ha'Aretz testifies that the fruit is Ma'asered - the same concession applies (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
2)
(a)What is the Halachah in a case where Terumah or T'rumas Ma'aser falls into Heter?
(b)What does R. Shimon Shezuri say regarding the latter case of T'rumas Ma'aser?
(c)Why does he mention specifically T'rumas Ma'aser and not Terumah Gedolah?
(d)Assuming that the Chachamim disagree with R. Shimon Shezuri (see Tos. Yom-Tov), like whom is the Halachah?
2)
(a)If Terumah or T'rumas Ma'aser falls into Heter - the entire mixture becomes Asur unless there is at least a hundred times more Heter than Isur.
(b)R. Shimon Shezuri now rules that if T'rumas Ma'aser of D'mai falls into less than a hundred of Heter - one may rely on the Am-ha'Aretz who says that it is Ma'asered, to eat the mixture, even during the week.
(c)He mentions specifically T'rumas Ma'aser and not Terumah Gedolah - because the Am-ha'Aretz is not suspect on Terumah Gedolah, as we have already learned.
(d)Even assuming that the Chachamim disagree with R. Shimon Shezuri (see Tos. Yom-Tov) - the Halachah is like him (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
Mishnah 2
3)
(a)The Mishnah now discusses a case where Reuven is Madir Shimon to induce him to eat by him, and where Shimon does not trust Reuven with regard to Ma'aser (see Tos. Yom-Tov). What does 'Madir Shimon' mean? What did Reuven say?
(b)The Tana permits Shimon to eat by him the first Shabbos? What does 'the first Shabbos' mean?
(c)On what condition does he permit it?
(d)What about the following Shabbos (bearing in mind that he proclaimed on him an Isur Hana'ah should he decline [see Tos. Yom-Tov])?
3)
(a)The Mishnah now discusses a case where Reuven is 'Madir Shimon' - (where he makes a Neder forbidding Shimon) to have any benefit from him unless he eats by him, to induce him to eat by him and where Shimon does not trust Reuven wit regard to Ma'aser (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
(b)The Tana permits Shimon to eat by him the first Shabbos - following the wedding of his son or daughter (provided both the Chasan and the Kalah have not been married before and) ...
(c)... provided Reuven assures him that the food is Ma'asered.
(d)The following Shabbos (despite the fact that he proclaimed on him an Isur Hana'ah should he decline [see Tos. Yom-Tov]) - he is forbidden to eat by him without first Ma'asering the food (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
Mishnah 3
4)
(a)On what grounds does R. Eliezer exempt one from even declaring Ma'aser Ani of D'mai?
(b)What do the Chachamim say? Why is that?
(c)Why is one not then obligated to give it to a poor man?
4)
(a)R. Eliezer exempts one from even declaring Ma'aser Ani of D'mai - because the Am-ha'Aretz, knowing that Tevel of Ma'aser Ani carries with it a death sentence (bi'Yedei Shamayim), most certainly separated Ma'aser Ani (see also Tiferes Yisrael).
(b)The Chachamim - nevertheless obligate him to declare it Ma'aser (since it does not cost him anything [see also Tos. Yom-Tov]), though he does not even need to separate it ...
(c)... and certainly not to give it to a poor man - since a. he can ask the poor man to prove that it has not already been Ma'aser, before having to give it to him, and b. unlike Matnos Kehunah, there is no prohibition involved in eating Ma'aser Ani.
Mishnah 4
5)
(a)What does the Mishnah say about someone who declares T'rumas Ma'aser of D'mai or Ma'aser Ani of Vadai (on Erev Shabbos [Tos. Yom-Tov])?
(b)What does he actually say?
(c)Why does the Tana present the case of T'rumas Ma'aser of D'mai, and not that of Vaday?
(d)What is the reason for the current prohibition?
5)
(a)The Mishnah rules that someone who declares T'rumas Ma'aser of D'mai or Ma'aser Ani of Vadai (on Erev Shabbos [Tos. Yom-Tov]) - is not permitted to separate them on Shabbos (even if he intends to give it to a Kohen or to a poor man who resides in the same Chatzer as he does [see Tos. Yom-Tov]).
(b)He actually says - 'The T'rumas Ma'aser ... that I will later separate should now take effect on the north (or the south) side of the batch'.
(c)The Tana presents the case of T'rumas Ma'aser of D'mai, and not that of Vaday - because the latter is not subject to declaration on the part of the owner (see also Tos. Yom-Tov). He is in fact, obligated to separate Ma'aser Rishon and give it to a Levi.
(d)The reason for the current prohibition is - due to the general prohibition of giving Matanos on Shabbos (see Tos. Yom-Tov DH 'li'T'rumas Ma'aser ... ' & DH 'Lo Yitlem').
6)
(a)On what condition is he permitted to give them to their respective owners?
(b)What will he then be obligated to tell them?
(c)Why is that?
6)
(a)He is permitted however, to give them to their respective owners - by inviting them to join him for a Shabbos meal, and serving it to them there
(b)... provided he informs them as to the status of what they are eating ...
(c)... because if they believe that they are eating the host's food, it is akin to serving one's guests T'rumos and Ma'asros, which is forbidden.
Mishnah 5
7)
(a)What distinction does the Tana draw between asking a Shali'ach who is not reliable with regard to Ma'asros, to purchase from someone who is (see Tos. Yom-Tov), and between asking him to purchase from a specific person?
(b)Why the difference?
(c)What if, in the latter case, the Shali'ach claimed that he could not find the man whom he was asked to contact, so he purchased the food from someone else who is equally reliable?
7)
(a)The Tana rules that if one asks a Shali'ach who is not reliable with regard to Ma'asros, to purchase from someone who is (see Tos. Yom-Tov) - one cannot he is not believed if he says that he did so, whereas if one asks him to purchase from a specific person - he is ...
(b)... because whereas in the latter case, he will have no excuse should he be found to have lied, in the former case, he will always be able to say that he thought that the person whom he asked was reliable.
(c)If, in the latter case, the Shali'ach claimed that he could not find the man whom he was asked to contact, so he purchased the food from someone else who is equally reliable - he is not believed (see Tos Yom-Tov).
Mishnah 6
8)
(a)What distinction does the Tana draw between a case where Reuven enters a strange town and where Shimon, whom he asks who is reliable in town, answers on the one hand, that he is, and on the other, that Levi is?
(b)On what grounds does the Mishnah believe Shimon in the latter case, even though he himself is not reliable?
(c)What will be the Din if Reuven knows someone in that town?
8)
(a)In a case where Reuven enters a strange town and where Shimon, whom he asks who is reliable in town, answers that he is, the Tana rules - that he is not believed (See Mishnah Rishonah); whereas if he answers that Levi is (see Tos. Yom) - he is believed ...
(b)... even though he himself is not. This is another of the concessions of D'mai (pertaining this time to a guest) - to enable a stranger in town to manage without undue inconvenience (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
(c)If Reuven knows someone in that town - then he may only take from an expert.
9)
(a)What will be the Din in a case where Levi then informs Reuven that Shimon sells Yashan?
(b)Why might we have thought otherwise?
(c)So why is the Mishnah lenient?
9)
(a)In a case where Levi then informs Reuven that Shimon sells Yashan (see Tos. Yom-Tov) - he too is believed.
(b)Why might we have thought otherwise - because this case resembles that of 'Gomlin', where the Tana will shortly issue a stringent ruling.
(c)The Mishnah is nevertheless lenient - since the majority of Amei ha'Aretz are not suspect on Chadash (in conjunction with the reason that we gave at the beginning of the Mishnah).
Mishnah 7
10)
(a)What does the Tana Kama say about two wheat-vendors who arrive in town, one of whom declares that his own grain is ...
1. ... Chadash, but that his friend's is Yashan?
2. ... not Ma'asered, but that his friend's is?
(b)Why is that?
(c)What does R. Yehudah say?
(d)Why is that?
(e)Like whom is the Halachah?
10)
(a)The Tana Kama rules, in a case where two wheat-vendors arrive in town, one of whom declares that his own grain is ...
1. ... Chadash, but that his friend's is Yashan, or that his is ...
2. ... not Ma'asered, but that his friend's is - that he is not believed ...
(b)... because we suspect them of 'Gomlin' (where in one town Reuven projects Shimon's produce, whilst in the next town Shimon projects Reuven's.
(c)R. Yehudah - believes him ...
(d)... because it concerns the livelihood of the residents of the town (in similar vein to what we learned in the previous Mishnah [see Tos. Yom-Tov]).
