(a)The Mishnah now discusses Karachas ha'Kerem and M'chol ha'Kerem (empty patches in a vine-yard which will be defined later). What do Beis Shamai mean when they say that Karachas ha'Kerem comprises twenty-four Amos?
(b)What is the size of M'chol ha'Kerem, according to them?
(c)According to Beis Hillel, Karachas ha'Kerem comprises sixteen Amos. What about M'chol ha'Kerem?
(d)Karachas ha'Kerem may be situated in the middle of the vineyard, surrounded on all four sides by vines. How else might one define it?
1)
(a)The Mishnah now discusses Karachas ha'Kerem and M'chol ha'Kerem (empty patches in a vine-yard which will be defined later). When Beis Shamai say that Karachas ha'Kerem comprises twenty-four Amos - they mean that an empty patch in the middle of a vineyard must measure at least twenty-four square Amos, before one is permitted to plant other seeds in it.
(b)The size of M'chol ha'Kerem, according to them, is - sixteen Amos.
(c)According to Beis Hillel Karachas ha'Kerem comprises sixteen Amos, and M'chol ha'Kerem - twelve.
(d)Karachas ha'Kerem is situated either in the middle of the vineyard, surrounded on all four sides by vines - or with vines on two opposite sides of it, but not on all four sides.
2)
(a)What is a minimum size Kerem, according to Beis Hillel?
(b)Then why is one not permitted to plant one Amah in the middle of a patch that measures nine Amos?
(c)What is 'Avodas ha'Kerem'?
(d)Why does one then need eight Amos in the middle? Why will four not do?
2)
(a)The minimum size Kerem, according to Beis Hillel is - four Amos.
(b)One is nevertheless not permitted to plant one Amah in the middle of a patch that measures nine Amos - because of Avodas ha'Kerem ...
(c)... the four Amah space that are needs (on either side) for the oxen and wagons when plowing and when harvesting the grapes.
(d)One nevertheless needs eight Amos in the middle (and not just four) - because, since there is a vineyard on either side, one needs to divide the middle section into two. Consequently, if either half comprises less than four Amos, it will be Bateil to the vineyard that is next to it.
3)
(a)Why do Beis Shamai then require an extra eight Amos?
3)
(a)Beis Shamai require an extra eight Amos - because they consider the minimum size vineyard to be eight Amos, in which case the middle section must comprise sixteen Amos.
Mishnah 2
4)
(a)What is 'M'chol ha'Kerem'? Why is it called by that name?
(b)How does one divide the twelve Amos required by Beis Hillel?
(c)What is the significance of the four Amos that he leaves next to the wall?
(d)So why does the Tana see fit to mention them?
4)
(a)'M'chol ha'Kerem' is - an empty patch between a vineyard and a nearby wall (called by that name because it encircles the entire field [see Tos. Yom-Tov], like a circle of people dancing, like the Pasuk in Yirmiyah "Az Tismach Besulah be'Machol").
(b)One divides the twelve Amos of Beis Hillel - by leaving empty the four Amos next to the vineyard (for Avodas ha'Kerem), and the four Amos next to the wall empty, and planting the four Amos in the middle.
(c)The four Amos that he leaves next to the wall is (not a Halachic requirement, but) - generally done, to enable people to walk there, (thereby hardening the earth and strengthening the wall).
(d)The Tana sees fit to mention them - because if one plants less than four Amos in the middle (according to Beis Hillel, and eight according to Beis Shamai), it will be Bateil to the vineyard and therefore be forbidden.
5)
(a)What size Amos is the Tana referring to throughout?
5)
(a)The Amos referred to by the Tana throughout comprise - six Tefachim.
Mishnah 3
6)
(a)R. Yehudah disagrees with the previous Mishnah's interpretation of 'M'chol ha'Kerem', as he considers it to be no more than a 'Geder ha'Kerem'. What is the Din of a 'Geder ha'Kerem'?
(b)How does he then define 'M'chol ha'Kerem'?
(c)On what grounds do the Chachamim disagree with him?
(d)According to the Yerushalmi, why does R. Yehudah not consider it to be 'Karachas ha'Kerem'?
(e)Like whom is the Halachah?
6)
(a)R. Yehudah disagrees with the previous Mishnah's interpretation of M'chol ha'Kerem, as he considers it to be no more than a Geder ha'Kerem - which requires only a distance of ten Amos (a six Amos gap plus four Amos distance [see also Tiferes Yisrael]) in order to plant another species.
(b)He defines 'M'chol ha'Kerem' as - a gap between two vineyards.
(c)The Chachamim disagree with him - in that they consider that to be Karachas ha'Kerem.
(d)According to the Yerushalmi, R. Yehudah does not consider it to be 'Karachas ha'Kerem' - because one of the vineyards is planted from east to west, whereas the other is planted from north to south.
(e)The Halachah - is like the Chachamim.
7)
(a)What does the Tana finally say about a wall or a ditch that is ten Tefachim high or deep and four Tefachim wide (see Tos. Yom-Tov)?
7)
(a)The Tana finally - permits planting right up to a wall or a ditch that is ten Tefachim high or deep and four Tefachim wide (see Tos. Yom-Tov), on both sides (see also Tiferes Yisrael).
Mishnah 4
8)
(a)On what condition is a fence of canes considered a partition? Why is that?
(b)What is the significance of that Shi'ur?
(c)What distinction does the Mishnah draw between a breach in a fence or a wall that is ten Amos wide and one that is more?
(d)What are the Halachic ramifications of this distinction?
8)
(a)A fence of canes is considered a partition - provided the gap in between the canes is less than three Tefachim, because then, based on the principle of 'L'vud' (see Tos. Yom-Tov) they are considered joined.
(b)The significance of three Tefachim is - that kid goats cannot pass through the gap.
(c)The Mishnah rules that a breach in a fence or a wall that is ten Amos wide (see Tiferes Yisrael) - has the Din of an entrance; whereas one that is more - is considered a breach. ...
(d)... in which case one is forbidden to plant two different species up to it.
9)
(a)What does the Tana say about a field that has a number of breaches of less than ten Amos (see Tiferes Yisrael)? On what condition ...
1. ... is one nevertheless forbidden to plant two different species in the area of the breach?
2. ... may one plant different species on either side of the sections of wall that are still intact?
9)
(a)The Tana rules that in a field that that has a number of breaches of less than ten Amos (see Tiferes Yisrael), one is ...
1. ... nevertheless forbidden to plant two different species in the area of the breach - if in total, they add up to more than the sections that are standing (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
2. ... permitted to plant different species on either side of the sections of wall that are still intact - provided they are at least four Tefachim wide (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
Mishnah 5
10)
(a)Beis Shamai consider one row comprising five vines to be a vineyard. So what if it is?
(b)What do Beis Hillel consider a vineyard?
(c)What distance do they require between one row of vines and another species?
10)
(a)Beis Shamai consider one row comprising five vines to be a vineyard - which requires a distance of four Amos Avodas ha'Kerem).
(b)Beis Hillel consider - two rows to be a vineyard (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
(c)Between one row of vines and another species they require - only six Tefachim.
11)
(a)What are the ramifications of the Machlokes regarding someone who plants another species within the four Amos of Avodas ha'Kerem of a vineyard (see Tos. Yom-Tov)?
(b)What is the connection between the Machlokes and the Pasuk in Ki Seitzei "Pen Tikdash ha'Melei'ah ha'Zera asher Tizra u'Sevu'as ha'Kerem"?
11)
(a)By the same token, if someone plants another species within the four Amos of Avodas ha'Kerem of a vineyard (see Tos. Yom-Tov) - one row becomes forbidden according to Beis Shamai; two, according to Beis Hillel.
(b)According to what we just explained, in the Pasuk in Ki Seitzei "Pen Tikdash ha'Melei'ah ha'Zera asher Tizra u'Sevu'as ha'Kerem" - the word "ha'Kerem" refers to one row, according to Beis Shamai, but to two rows, according to Beis Hillel.
Mishnah 6
12)
(a)On what condition does the Mishnah define five trees as a vineyard?
(b)What does the Tana mean when it adds that it is not a vineyard if the fifth tree is ...
1. ... in between?
2. ... in the middle?
(c)What condition does the Tana finally require for the five trees to be called a vineyard?
12)
(a)The Mishnah defines five trees as a vineyard - provided they are planted two opposite two (in the shape of a square), and the fifth one resembling a tail (as a third vine in line with one of the two other rows).
(b)When the Tana adds that it is not a vineyard if the fifth tree is ...
1. ... in between, it means - that the fifth vine is in between the two vines in one of the rows (rather than beyond them, outside the square [see also Tos. Yom-Tov & Tiferes Yisrael]).
2. ... in the middle, it means literally that it is in the middle of the square, not in line with any of the rows.
(c)The Tana finally repeats what he already said - requiring the fifth tree to resemble a tail for the five trees to be called a vineyard (see previous Tos. Yom-Tov & Tiferes Yisrael).
Mishnah 7
13)
(a)The Mishnah now discusses someone who plants one of the above rows to rows in his own field and the other in that of his friend, and a private or public path divide them. What does the Tana say about such a scenario?
(b)What size path is the Tana talking about? What is the maximum width they would have to be?
(c)What are the ramifications of the Mishnah's ruling? What does the owner then have to do?
(d)Why will even R. Shimon, who, we will later learn, maintains that Reuven cannot forbids Shimon's property, concede here that he does?
13)
(a)The Mishnah, discussing someone who plants one of the above two rows in his own field and the other in that of his friend, and a private or public path divide them - rules that they combine to form a vineyard
(b)The Tana is talking about a path - that is less than eight Amos wide (see Tos. Yom-Tov [otherwise, the two rows would not combine]).
(c)The ramifications of the Mishnah's ruling are - that they require a distance of four Amos before planting any other species.
(d)Even R. Shimon, who, we will later learn, maintains that Reuven cannot forbids Shimon's property, will concede here that he does - seeing as one of the rows is his own (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
14)
(a)On what condition does ...
1. ... the Tana include a dividing wall in the current ruling? What maximum size must the wall be for the subsequent mixture to be considered Kil'ayim?
2. ... R. Yehudah include a dividing wall in this ruling, even if it is more than ten Tefachim high?
14)
(a)The condition on which ...
1. ... the Tana includes a dividing wall in the current ruling - is that the wall is not higher than ten Tefachim, for the subsequent mixture to be considered Kil'ayim.
2. ... R. Yehudah includes a dividing wall in this ruling, even if it is more than ten Tefachim high is - if the owner arranged the vines on top of the wall so that they mix with whatever is growing on the other side.
Mishnah 8
15)
(a)The Mishnah now discusses the difference between two rows of vines and three rows. How many vines are there in each row in the former case?
(b)How much space is one obligated to leave between each row in order to plant other species there?
(c)Why will less than that not suffice?
(d)How close to any of the trees is he then permitted to plant other species?
15)
(a)The Mishnah now discusses the difference between two rows - (each consisting of two vines [see Tos. Yom-Tov]), and three rows.
(b)In order to plant other species there, one is obligated to leave - eight Amos (not counting the vines themselves) between each row.
(c)Less than that will not suffice - because then it is considered a vineyard (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
(d)He is then permitted to plant other species - up to a distance of six Tefachim from any of the trees.
16)
(a)How much space must one leave between each of the three rows in order to plant other species there?
(b)Why is that? How would it otherwise be classified?
16)
(a)Between each of the three rows, one must leave - at least sixteen Amos, in order to plant other species there ...
(b)... because otherwise - it will be classified as 'Karachas ha'Kerem'.
17)
(a)What does R. Eliezer ben Ya'akov say in the name of Chanina ben Chachinai regarding this case, but where the gap of less than sixteen Amos is caused by the destruction of the middle row?
(b)Why is that?
(c)What if he had planted it like that to begin with?
(d)What does the Tana Kama say?
(e)Like whom is the Halachah?
17)
(a)R. Eliezer ben Ya'akov in the name of Chanina ben Chachinai rules, regarding this case, but where the gap of less than sixteen Amos is caused by the destruction of the middle row - that it has the Din of Karachas ha'Kerem, and requires a gap of sixteen Amos ...
(b)... because it was a vineyard to begin with (even though it no longer is.
(c)Had he planted it like that to begin with - a space of eight Amos would have sufficed.
(d)The Tana Kama - requires a space of no more than eight Amos either way.
(e)The Halachah - is like neither opinion (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
Mishnah 9
18)
(a)What does the Mishnah say about a vineyard that is initially planted with gaps of sixteen Amos between each two rows?
(b)How much space must one leave between the vines and other plants?
(c)Why is that?
18)
(a)The Mishnah - permits planting other species in a vineyard that is initially planted with gaps of sixteen Amos between each two rows ...
(b)... provided one leaves a space of six Tefachim between the vines and the plants.
(c)... like the Avodah of one vine.
19)
(a)R. Yehudah cites a case that took place regarding a certain Tzalmoni who would turn the branches of each two consecutive rows of his vineyard inwards. Where did he then plant other species?
(b)What did he do the following year?
(c)Why did he do that?
19)
(a)R. Yehudah cites a case that took place regarding a certain Tzalmoni who would turn the branches of each two consecutive rows of his vineyard inwards - planting other species between the two rows whose branches had been turned inwards.
(b)The following year - he would reverse the process, turning outwards the trees that had been turned inwards the previous year, and vice-versa, and planting other species on the outside of the former.
(c)He did that - because of the customary crop-rotation.
20)
(a)What did the Chachamim say when they heard what R. Yehudah did?
(b)Why does the Mishnah cite this case (see Tos. Yom-Tov)?
20)
(a)When the Chachamim heard what R. Yehudah did - they corroborated his ruling.
(b)The Mishnah cites this case - in support of the Tana Kama (Tos. Yom-Tov).
21)
(a)What do R. Meir and R. Shimon say about a vineyard with gaps of eight Amos between the rows?
(b)How much space is one obligated to leave between the vines and the other species?
(c)How do they reconcile this ruling with the Din of 'Karachas ha'Kerem'?
(d)Like whom is the Halachah?
21)
(a)R. Meir and R. Shimon - permit planting other species in a vineyard with gaps of eight Amos between the rows ...
(b)... provided one leaves a space of six Tefachim between the vines and the other species.
(c)'Karachas ha'Kerem', according to them - only applies if it was a vineyard to begin with.
(d)The Halachah - is like R. Meir and R. Shimon (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
