1)

BLOOD THAT BECAME MIXED (cont.)

(דף עח,א) רבי יהודה אומר אין דם מבטל דם
(a)

R. Yehudah says, blood is not Mevatel blood.

נתערב בדם פסולין ישפך לאמה בדם התמצית ישפך לאמה
(b)

If it became mixed with blood of Pasul Korbanos, all the blood is poured into the Amah (a stream that flowed out of the Mikdash). If it became mixed with Tamtzis blood, all is poured into the Amah;

רבי אליעזר מכשיר
(c)

R. Eliezer is Machshir (to do Zerikah).

אם לא נמלך ונתן כשר:
(d)

If the Kohen did not ask the Halachah and did Zerikah, it is Kosher.

א"ר חייא בר אבא א"ר יוחנן ל"ש אלא שנפלו מים לתוך דם אבל נפל דם לתוך מים ראשון ראשון בטל
(e)

(Gemara - R. Chiya bar Aba): The case is, water fell into blood, but if blood fell into water, each drop becomes Batel when it falls in (and even when the mixture has the appearance of blood, it is Pasul for Zerikah).

אמר רב פפא ולענין כיסוי אינו כן לפי שאין דחוי במצות:
(f)

(Rav Papa): The law is different regarding Kisuy (covering the blood of a slaughtered bird or Chayah), for Mitzvos are not Nidchim. (Even if blood fell into water, if it looks like blood, the Mitzvah applies.)

2)

CAN ISURIM BE MEVATEL EACH OTHER?

אמר ר"ל הפיגול והנותר והטמא שבללן זה בזה ואכלן פטור א"א שלא ירבה מין על חבירו ויבטלנו
(a)

(Reish Lakish): If one ate Pigul and Nosar (and Tamei - this is not in Rashi's or Tosfos' text) that were mixed together, he is exempt. Surely, (they were not exactly equal,) one of them was the majority, the other is Batel. (He cannot be lashed for either, perhaps it was Batel.)

שמע מינה תלת
(b)

We learn three things from this;

ש"מ איסורין מבטלין זה את זה
1.

Different Isurim (forbidden things) can be Mevatel each other;

וש"מ נותן טעם ברוב לאו דאורייתא
2.

If an Isur gives taste to a food of a larger volume than itself, it does not forbid it (to obligate lashes) mid'Oraisa (Reish Lakish's law applies even when the minority gives taste),

וש"מ התראת ספק לא שמה התראה
3.

Hasra'as Safek (a warning not to transgress when it is not clear if the action about to be done transgresses the Lav) is not proper warning. (The first opinion in Tosfos - the case is, he ate two pieces. One of them was mostly Pigul, and the other was mostly Nosar, andwe do not know which was which. He was warned each time not to eat Pigul. Since we do not know which time he ate Pigul, he is exempt. The second opinion says that in such a case he would be liable (Tzon Kodoshim); rather, (we explain this opinion according to Panim Me'iros) both pieces were mostly Pigul, or both were mostly Nosar, and we do not know which. The first time he was warned not to eat Pigul, and the second time, not to eat Nosar, which implicitly cancels the warning for Pigul). Since we do not know which warning he transgressed, he is exempt.)

מתיב רבא עשה עיסה מן חיטין ומן אורז
(c)

Question (Rava - Mishnah): If a dough was made with wheat flour and rice flour:

אם יש בה טעם דגן חייבת בחלה ואע"ג דרובא אורז
1.

If the wheat can be tasted, Chalah must be taken, even if the rice is the majority.

מדרבנן
(d)

Answer #1: That is mid'Rabanan. Mid'Oraisa it is exempt.

אי הכי אימא סיפא אדם יוצא בה ידי חובתו בפסח
(e)

Rejection (Seifa): (If it was baked into Matzos for the sake of Pesach), one is Yotzei with it. (This shows that mid'Oraisa, the wheat is not Batel, because it can be tasted!)

78b----------------------------------------78b
(דף עח,ב) אלא מין בשאינו מינו בטעמא
(f)

Answer #2: Rather, Min b'Eino Mino (when different foods are mixed), if the minority gives taste, it is not Batel;

מין במינו ברובא
1.

Min b'Mino (when identical foods of different Halachic status are mixed), the minority is Batel to the majority. (Reish Lakish discussed this case. We cannot infer the law of Min b'Eino Mino.)

ונשער מין במינו כמין בשאינו מינו
(g)

Question: Also Min b'Mino, the minority should not be Batel if it is enough that if it was Eino Mino, it would give taste!

דתנן נתערב ביין רואין אותו כאילו הוא מים
1.

(Mishnah): If blood became mixed with wine (which has the same appearance), we consider it to be like water.

מאי לאו רואין אותו ליין כאילו הוא מים
i.

Suggestion: This means, we consider the wine to be like water (we may do Zerikah only if the appearance would be like blood).

לא רואין אותו לדם כאילו הוא מים
(h)

Answer #1: No, it means, we consider the blood to be like water (if it is the minority, it is Pasul for Zerikah).

אי הכי בטל מיבעי ליה
(i)

Objection #1: If so, it should simply say that it is Pasul!

ועוד תניא ר' יהודה אומר רואין אותו כאילו הוא יין אדום
(j)

Objection #2 (Beraisa - R. Yehudah): (If a Tamei bucket with (but not full of) white wine was immersed in a Mikvah (the remainder of the bucket fills up with water), we consider the wine to be red:

אם דיהה מראהו כשר ואם לאו פסול
1.

If the appearance (of red wine) would become faint (cease to resemble wine) when mixed with this ratio of water, the immersion is valid (the wine became Batel to the water). If not, the immersion is Pasul.

תנאי היא
(k)

Answer #2: Tana'im argue about whether we consider Min b'Mino like Min b'Eino Mino (and Reish Lakish holds like Chachamim):

דתניא דלי שיש בו יין לבן או חלב והטבילו הולכין אחר הרוב
1.

(Beraisa): (If a bucket of white wine or milk was immersed) we follow the majority (the immersion is Kosher only if the majority is water);

ר' יהודה אומר רואין אותו כאילו הוא יין אדום אם דיהה מראהו כשר ואם לאו פסול
2.

R. Yehudah says, we consider the wine to be red. If the appearance would become faint, the immersion is valid; if not, it is not.

ורמינהי דלי שהוא מלא רוקין והטבילו כאילו לא טבל
(l)

Contradiction (Mishnah): If a bucket full of spit was immersed, the immersion is invalid (the water does not penetrate to reach the interior);

מי רגלים רואין אותו כאילו הן מים
1.

If the bucket contains urine, we consider it like water (for urine is a kind of water. The immersion is valid);

מלא מי חטאת עד שירבו המים על מי חטאת
3.

If it contains Mei Chatas, it is valid only if the water is the majority.

מאן שמעת ליה דאית ליה רואין רבי יהודה וקתני דסגי ליה ברובא
4.

Version #1 (Rashi) Summation of contradiction: This is like R. Yehudah (who considers things (e.g. urine) to have different appearances, yet a majority suffices regarding Mei Chatas. We do not view it like wine!

5.

Version #2 (Tosfos) Summation of contradiction: This is like R. Yehudah (in cases of Min b'Eino Mino of similar appearances (e.g. urine in water), he considers it to have a different appearance), yet Mei Chatas is Batel in a majority of water, whereas in the Mishnah, R. Yehudah said that Min b'Mino is never Batel!