1)

TITHING FOR A DIFFERENT OBLIGATION LEVEL (Yerushalmi Demai Perek 5 Halachah 8 Daf 23a)

îùðä îòùøéï îùì éùøàì òì ùì òëå"í åîùì òëå"í òì ùì éùøàì åîùì éùøàì òì ùì ëåúéí åîùì ëåúéí òì ùì ëåúéí

(a)

(Mishnah): One may tithe from a Jew's produce for a gentile's produce and vice-versa. A Jew may also tithe for a Kusi's produce and one may tithe from a Kusi's produce for a Kusi's produce.

ø"à àåñø îùì ëåúéí òì ùì ëåúéí

(b)

R. Eliezer prohibits tithing for a Kusi's produce for a Kusi's produce.

òöéõ ð÷åá äøé äåà ëàøõ úøí îï äàøõ òì òöéõ ð÷åá åîòöéõ ð÷åá òì äàøõ úøåîúå úøåîä.

(c)

A planter with a hole (at its base) is considered to be part of the ground. If a person separated Terumah from produce of the ground for produce in such a planter, or vice-versa, it is valid.

[ãó îç òîåã á (òåæ åäãø)] åîùàéðå ð÷åá òì äð÷åá úøåîä åéçæåø åéúøåí

(d)

If he separated from produce from a planter without a hole (whose obligation is only Rabbinic) for one with a hole, it is Terumah, but he must separate again.

îï äð÷åá òì ùàéðå ð÷åá úøåîä åìà úàëì òã ùéåöéà òìé' úøåîä åîòùøåú

(e)

If he separated from a planter with a hole for one without a hole, it is Terumah, but he may not eat from that Terumah until he separates Terumos and Maaseros for it.

úøí îï äãîàé òì äãîàé ãîàé

(f)

If he separated Terumah from Demai for Demai, it is Demai.

òì äåãàé úøåîä åéçæåø åéúøåí

(g)

If it was separated for definite Tevel, it is Terumah, but he must separate again.

îï äåãàé òì äãîàé úøåîä åìà úàëì òã ùéåöéà òìéä úøåîä åîòùøåú:

(h)

If from definite Tevel for Demai, it is Terumah, but he may not eat it until he separates Terumos and Maaseros for it.

âîøà îúðé' ãøáé îàéø ãøáé îàéø àîø àéï ÷ðééï ìòëå"í áà"é ìäô÷éòå îéã îòùø

(i)

(Gemara): The Mishnah follows the opinion of R. Meir, who said that a gentile's acquisition in Eretz Yisrael does not exempt it from (the obligation of) Maaser.

øáé éåãä åø"ù àåîøéí éù ÷ðééï ìòëå"í áà"é ìôåèøå îï äîòùø

(j)

R. Yehuda and R. Shimon say that his acquisition does exempt it from Maaser.

øáé àéîé áùí ø"ù áï ì÷éù èòîà ãøáé îàéø åäúðçìúí àåúí ìáðéëí àçøéëí ìøùú àçåæä ä÷éùä àçåæä ìòáãéí îä òáãéí àúí ÷åðéï îäí åäï àéðí ÷åðéï îëí àó àçåæä àúí ÷åðéï îäí åäí àéðï ÷åðéï îëí

(k)

(R. Imi citing R. Shimon ben Lakish): R. Meir's source is the pasuk (Vayikra 25:46), "And you shall bequeath (your slaves) as a heritage to your children after you to inherit as a possession". The Torah compares 'a possession' to slaves - just as for slaves, you acquire from (amongst) them and they don't acquire from (amongst) you, so too you acquire possessions (of land) from them but they do not acquire from you.

àø"à áé øáé éåñé ÷åîé øáé éñà åäà îñééòà ìø"î åäàøõ ìà úîëø ìöîéúåú ëé ìé äàøõ ìçåìèðéú

(l)

(R. Elazar bei R. Yosi to R. Yasa): This pasuk supports R. Meir (Vayikra 25:23), "The land shall not be sold Litzmisus, because the land belongs to Me" - Litzmisus means completely - as it is returned in Yovel - similarly, it is not sold completely to a gentile - as it is still obligated in tithes.

à"ì ëì âøîà àîø ãäåà îñééòà ìø"ù ìà úîëø äà àí ðîëøä çìåèä äéà.

(m)

Rebuttal (R. Yasa): The entire pasuk says that it's a support for R. Shimon - 'Do not sell', but if it was sold (to a gentile), it is permanent (and exempt from tithes)!

øáé äåðà øåáà ãöéôåøéï àîø äðäéâ ø' çðéðà áöéôåøéï ëäãà ãø"ù øáé æòéøà àîø äðäéâ ø"ç áöéôåøéï ëäãà ëø"ù

(n)

(Rav Huna the Great of Tziporin): R. Chanina established the custom in Tziporin like R. Shimon. And R. Zeira also said this.

[ãó îè òîåã à (òåæ åäãø)] øáé æòéøà àîø ÷åîé øáé àáäå áùí ø"à àò"â ãø"î àîø àéï ÷ðéï ìòëå"í áà"é ìôåèøå îï äîòùøåú îåãä äåà äëà ãéù ìå ÷ðéï ðëñéí

(o)

(R. Zeira to R. Abahu citing R. Elazar): Even though R. Meir said that a gentile's acquisition of the land of Eretz Yisrael does not exempt it from Maaser, he agrees that he can acquire the fruits.

àîø øáé áà àåëìú ôéøåú:

(p)

(R. Ba): The gentile eats from the fruits of the field that he bought.

åäúðéðï äìå÷ç îáéà áéëåøéï îôðé úé÷åï äòåìí åéáéà áéëåøéí ãáø úåøä

(q)

Question (Mishnah in Gitin): One who sells a field to a gentile, he must buy fruits from the gentile in order to bring them as Bikurim - as a deterent to stop a Jew selling his land to a gentile. But according to this (that a gentile's acquisition does not exempt from Maaser), there should be a Torah obligation of Bikurim? (The Gemara leaves this question unanswered.)