[55a - 38 lines; 55b - 21 lines]
1)[line 1]"אָסוֹף אָסֵף כֹּל מֵעַל פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה, נְאֻם ה'. אָסֵף אָדָם וּבְהֵמָה אָסֵף עוֹף הַשָּׁמַיִם וּדְגֵי הַיָּם, וְהַמַּכְשֵׁלוֹת אֶת הָרְשָׁעִים; וְהִכְרַתִּי אֶת הָאָדָם מֵעַל פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה [נְאֻם ה']""ASOF ASEF KOL ME'AL PENEI HA'ADAMAH, NE'UM HASH-M. ASEF ADAM U'VEHEMAH, ASEF OF HA'SHAMAYIM U'DGEI HA'YAM, VEHA'MACHSHELOS ES HA'RESHA'IM; V'HICHRATI ES HA'ADAM ME'AL PENEI HA'ADAMAH, [NE'UM HASH-M]"- "I will utterly consume all things from off the face of the earth, says HaSh-m. I will consume man and beast, I will consume the birds of the sky and the fishes of the sea, and the stumbling blocks of the wicked; and I will cut off man from off the face of the earth, [says HaSh-m]" (Tzefanyah 1:2-3) - The Gemara interprets these verses as a rhetorical question, "Should I utterly consume...?"
2)[line 6]אגריפס שר צבאAGRIPAS SAR TZAVA- Agrippas, the [Nochri] commander- in-chief of the army [of King Agrippas, one of the Herodian kings]
3)[line 12]זוניןZUNIN- a Jew, probably the father of the person mentioned in the Mishnah (Avodah Zarah 65b), Baitus ben Zunin (YA'AVETZ, commenting on the explanation of RASHI)
4)[line 14]מששאMESHASHA- substance
5a)[line 14]כי מתבריKI MISBEREI- when they are broken (i.e. their limbs are broken or dysfunctional)
b)[line 15]כי מצמדיKI METZAMDEI- when they are mended
6)[line 20]ונכפרנוNICHPERENU- let us deny it
7)[line 22]יסוריןYISURIN- afflictions
8)[line 22]שמשגריןMESHAGRIN- He sends them
9)[line 25]סם פלוניSAM PELONI- that certain medicine (the DIKDUKEI SOFRIM #5 omits the phrase, "v'Al Yedei Ploni, v'Al Yedei Sam Ploni," from the Gemara, based on old manuscripts)
10)[line 28]"[וְהִפְלָא ה אֶת מַכֹּתְךָ וְאֵת מַכּוֹת זַרְעֶךָ; מַכּוֹת גְּדֹלֹת וְנֶאֱמָנוֹת] וָחֳלָיִם רָעִים וְנֶאֱמָנִים'""[VE'HIFLA HASH-M ES MAKOSECHA, V'ES MAKOS ZAR'ECHA; MAKOS GEDOLOS V'NE'EMANOS,] VA'CHALAYIM RA'IM V'NE'EMANIM"- "[Then HaSh-m will make your blows unimaginable, and the blows of your offspring; blows so great and unfailing,] and illnesses so evil and unfailing" (Devarim 28:59).
11)[line 32]השתא אי הוי שכיבנא, לא אמרי לכו הא מלתאHASHTA IY HAVI SHECHIVNA, LO AMARI LECHU HA MILSA- now if I would have died [before you asked this question,] I would not have been able to tell you this important teaching
12)[line 33]"[וּפֶן תִּשָּׂא עֵינֶיךָ הַשָּׁמַיְמָה, וְרָאִיתָ אֶת הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ וְאֶת הַיָּרֵחַ וְאֶת הַכּוֹכָבִים כֹּל צְבָא הַשָּׁמַיִם, וְנִדַּחְתָּ וְהִשְׁתַּחֲוִיתָ לָהֶם וַעֲבַדְתָּם;] אֲשֶׁר חָלַק ה' אֱ-לֹקֶיךָ אוֹתָם לְכֹל הָעַמִּים [תַּחַת כָּל הַשָּׁמָיִם]""ASHER CHALAK HASH-M EL-KECHA OSAM L'CHOL HA'AMIM"- "[Lest you lift up your eyes towards the heavens and you see the sun, and the moon, and the stars, all of the heavenly legion, and you go wayward and bow to them and worship them;] which HaSh-m, your G-d, has apportioned to all of the nations [under all of the heavens]" (Devarim 4:19).
13a)[line 33]שהחליקן בדבריםHECHELIKAN BI'DEVARIM- He caused them to [have the opportunity to] slip (err) with words
b)[line 34]כדי לטורדן מן העולםKEDEI L'TORDAN MIN HA'OLAM- in order to push them out of the world (i.e. Olam ha'Ba, the World to Come)
14)[line 35]"אִם לַלֵּצִים הוּא יָלִיץ, וְלַעֲנָוִים יִתֶּן חֵן""IM LA'LETZIM HU YALITZ, VELA'ANAVIM YITEN CHEN"- "[HaSh-m] scoffs at the scoffers, and gives grace to the humble" (Mishlei 3:34) - Since HaSh-m scoffs at the Leitzim, He holds back Divine assistance and does not prevent their spiritual downfall
15a)[line 35]בא לִטַּמֵּא, פותחין לוBA LITAMEI POSCHIN LO- one who wants (lit. comes) to become Tamei, they open for him [the opportunity to do so]
b)[line 35]בא לִטַּהֵר, מסייעין אותוBA LITAHER MESAI'IN OSO- one who wants (lit. comes) to become Tahor, they help him
16)[line 36]גת בעוטהGAS BE'UTAH- a used winepress (lit. kicked, pressed) [that contains pressed grapes]
17)[line 37]שהוא נוטל בידוHU NOTEL B'YADO- he (the Nochri) takes the grapes from the basin (O.F. meit) of the winepress
18)[line 37]לתפוחTAPU'ACH- (O.F. sac) the rounded mound of grapes beneath the pressing beam
19)[line 37]יין נסךYAYIN NESECH
See Background to Avodah Zarah 49:16.
20)[line 37]עד שירד לבורAD SHE'YERED LA'BOR- until it descends into the collection pit
21)[last line]דורכיןDORCHIN- crush grapes by stepping on them
55b----------------------------------------55b
22)[line 1]בוצריןBOTZRIN- pick grapes
23)[line 1]שהוא עושה בטומאהSHE'HU OSEH B'TUM'AH- who works while in a state of Tum'ah
24)[line 3]חביותCHAVIYOS- barrels
25)[line 4]נחתוםNACHTOM- a baker
26a)[line 5]לשיןLASHIN- knead dough
b)[line 5]עורכיןORCHIN- shape dough
27)[line 6]לפלטרPALTAR- he who bakes the bread (see Insights)
28)[line 6]כיון שהתחיל להמשךKEIVAN SHE'HISCHIL L'HIMASHECH- once it (the juice from the grapes) has begun to flow [down the incline from the winepress towards the pit]
29)[line 9]בגת פקוקהGAS PEKUKAH- a plugged winepress (that is, the channel that leads from the winepress to the pit (dug into the ground that is next to the winepress) is plugged up (RASHI)
30a)[line 13]במשנה ראשונהMISHNAH RISHONAH- the ruling of the original Mishnah (which stated that it is permitted to crush grapes (Dorchin) with a Nochri, unlike Rav Huna's ruling)
b)[line 14]במשנה אחרונהMISHNAH ACHARONAH- the ruling of the later Mishnah [when the Chachamim modified their original ruling regarding whether one may crush (Dorchin) grapes with a Nochri and said that it is prohibited, like Rav Huna's ruling, as well as regarding whether one may pick (Botzrin) grapes with a Nochri]
31)[line 15]בד"דBD"D- this is a mnemonic for the three laws that the Beraisa enumerates:
1."Ein Botzrin...,"
2."Ein Dorchin...," and
3."Aval Dorchin..."
32)[line 16]שאסור לגרום טומאה לחולין שבארץ ישראלASUR LIGROM TUM'AH L'CHULIN SHEB'ERETZ YISRAEL- it is forbidden to cause unsanctified food items in Eretz Yisrael to become Tamei
33)[line 18]שאסור לסייע ידי עוברי עבירהASUR L'SAYEI'A YEDEI OVREI AVEIRAH- it is forbidden to assist the efforts of transgressors