1)

(a)When a certain man told a group of people to give four hundred Zuz to so and so, if he would marry his daughter - Rav Papa obligated him to give the recipient the money whether he married his daughter or not.

(b)The condition would have been valid - had the man reversed the order, to place the condition first. Then, the recipient would only have received the money after he had married the man's daughter.

(c)When Mereimar said Rebbi Yochanan's Din (that the condition to use Ma'aser Sheni money for the Korbanos of his Nezirus is not valid) in his own name - Ravina pointed out to him, that he had learned it in the name of Rebbi Yochanan as an answer to Resh Lakish's She'eilah.

2)

(a)The Beraisa expert, quoting a Beraisa, learn from the Pasuk in Shemini (regarding the Olah that was brought on the last day of the Milu'im) "va'Yakrev es ha'Olah, va'Ya'aseha ka'Mishpat" 'ke'Mishpat Olas Nedavah' - meaning that an Olas Chovah (by which Semichah is not mentioned explicitly) requires Semichah just like an Olas Nedavah (where it is).

(b)Rav Yitzchak bar Aba points out that the author of this Beraisa must be Beis Shamai - who will need a special Limud for Olas Chovah, because he does not learn it automatically with a Binyan Av (like we find in our Mishnah with regard to Shalmei Chovah).

(c)We learn from the Pasuk "v'Im Zevach Shelamim Korbano, v'Samach Yado" that Shalmei Nedavah require Semichah.

(d)We cannot learn Korbenos Chovah - which can only be brought when their time falls due, from Korbenos Nedavah - which can be brought at any time and are consequently more common.

3)

(a)We query Rav Yitzchak bar Aba however. From where does he know that it is from Shalmei Nedavah that Beis Hillel learn Shalmei Chovah? Maybe he learns them from Olos Chovah (which he, like Beis Shamai, will learn from "ka'Mishpat")!?

(b)We counter this contention by pointing out that it is no better to learn Shalmei Chovah from Olos Chovah, than it is from Shalmei Nedavah - because Olos Chovah are completely burned, whereas Shalmei Chovah are not.

(c)We conclude that Beis Hillel might learn Shalmei Chovah from a 'Mah ha'Tzad' from both Shalmei Nedavah and Olas Chovah together - in which case, Beis Hillel too, must learn Olas Chovah from "ka'Mishpat". Consequently, they could well be the author of the Beraisa, and Rav Yitzchak's Kashya on the Beraisa expert is not valid.

(d)In any event, we are assuming that when Beis Shamai say in our Mishnah, 've'Ein Somchin Aleihen', they mean that Shalmei Chovah do not require Semichah. This clashes however, with Rebbi Yosi in a Beraisa - who says ...

1. ... that Beis Shamai and Beis Hillel both agree that they do require Shechitah, and that what they are disputing is whether the Semichah must come immediately prior to the Shechitah ('Teikef li'Semichah Shechitah') - which is the opinion of Beis Hillel, or whether it can be performed the day before - like Beis Shamai.

2. ... Rebbi Yosi b'Rebbi Yehudah learns that Beis Shamai and Beis Hillel agree that 'Teikef li'Semichitah Shechitah' - what they are disputing is whether Shalmei Chovah require Semichah or not (vindicating Rav Yitzchak bar Aba in 2b.).

4)

(a)When Hillel ha'Zaken once brought his Olah to the Azarah on Yom-Tov, intending to make Semichah on it - he was approached by a large group of disciples of Shamai, who demanded to know what sort of animal he was bringing (they suspected that it was an Olah, and wanted to stop him from making Semichah on Yom-Tov).

(b)When they queried him about it - he replied that in fact, the animal was a female (and must therefore be a Shelamim, and not an Olah); to prove his point (and put them off) , he swished its tail.

(c)They would have fixed the Halachah like Beis Shamai, were it not for Bava ben Buta - a disciple of Shamai ha'Zaken, who, knowing that the Halachah was like Beis Hillel, brought a stack of best-quality calves to the Azarah (see Tosfos DH 've'Heivi'), and made a public announcement inviting anyone who wanted to make Semichah on them to come and do so.

5)

(a)In a subsequent episode, when a disciple of Beis Shamai tried to stop a disciple of Beis Hillel him from making Semichah on an Olah on Yom-Tov, he countered his query 'Mah Zu Semichah' with 'Mah Zu Shesikah' (meaning 'Why are you not silent?')

(b)From the disciple of Beis Hillel (who gave a three word retort to the disciple of Beis Shamai) - we can learn how to counter an argument (that one should counter it using as curt a Lashon as one disputant).

6)

(a)Beis Hillel tries to prove that one may bring an Olas Re'iyah on Yom-Tov from Shabbos - where Melachos are forbidden for a Hedyot (to cook for oneself), but permitted for Hash-m (as a Korban Tamid). If so, Yom-Tov, where they are permitted for a Hedyot, they should certainly be permitted for Hash-m (as an Olas Re'iyah).

(b)Beis Shamai refutes this proof from Nedarim and Nedavos - which are forbidden on Yom-Tov, even though Melachos are permitted for ones personal needs.

(c)Beis Hillel then counter Beis Shamai's argument by differentiating between Olos Re'iyah, which have a fixed time - and which ought therefore to be permitted (like the Korban Tamid on Shabbos), and Nedarim and Nedavos - which are forbidden because they don't.

7)

(a)Beis Shamai replied that the time of Olos Re'iyah is also not fixed for (the first day of) Yom-Tov - seeing as we have learned in the Mishnah in Chagigah that someone who failed to bring an Olas Re'iyah on Yom-Tov, has the remainder of Yom-Tov on which to bring it.

(b)Beis Hillel counter this by referring to an Olas Re'iyah as having a fixed time - due to the continuation of the Mishnah there, which states that once Yom-Tov has passed, he no longer remains obligated to bring it (although strictly speaking, this is not called a fixed time, nevertheless, since he has limited time in which to bring it, the Torah is afraid that he may be prevented from bringing the Korban on subsequent days, and permits him to bring it on Yom-Tov itself. It is unclear though, how this can be mid'Oraisa - see 9a.).

(c)Beis Shamai finally learn from "Lachem" in Bo, 'Lachem' v'Lo Ligvo'a' - whereas Beis Hillel learn from the Pasuk in Emor "la'Hashem" (from which they learn 'Kol d'la'Hashem') that one does bring an Olas Re'iyah on Yom-Tov.

(d)Beis Hillel learn from "Lachem" - 'Lachem, v'Lo l'Kutim, Lachem, v'Lo li'Kelavim'.

8)

(a)Aba Shaul quotes Beis Hillel's argument for permitting an Olas Re'iyah differently - according to him, Beis Hillel say that if when your oven is closed (on Shabbos), Hash-m's is open, then when your oven is open (on Yom-Tov), Hash-m's should certainly be open. And anyway, it is not right that your table should be full and your master's, empty.

(b)Beis Shamai do not counter Beis Hillel's argument with 'Nedarim u'Nedavos Yochichu', according to Aba Shaul - because in his opinion, Beis Hillel hold 'Nedarim u'Nedavos Kereivin b'Yom-Tov' (in which case, Beis Shamai cannot use that as an argument against Beis Hillel).

9)

(a)If the bringing of Nedarim and Nedavos on Yom-Tov would be a Rabbinical prohibition (according to those who hold that it is forbidden) - the Rabanan's reason for prohibiting it would be because of the fear that one may postpone one's Korbanos for Yom-Tov, and then be unable to bring them (it is however, unclear, what this decree would achieve, since one is still able to bring them on Chol ha'Mo'ed).

(b)The proof that if it in fact, Asur mid'Oraisa - is from the Shtei ha'Lechem on Shavu'os, which cannot be brought before Yom-Tov (because it is premature), and to which the decree that he might postpone it does not therefore apply; yet their preparation over-rides neither Shabbos nor Yom-Tov.

(c)If someone Shechted Nedarim or Nedavos on Yom-Tov, the Kohen would go ahead and sprinkle the blood - provided one of two possible conditions is met, as we shall now see.

10)

(a)According to Rava, the Kohen sprinkled the blood only if it was in order to permit the flesh of the Korban to be eaten. Rabah bar Rav Huna says - that the Kohen would even sprinkle the blood if he only had the fat-pieces to be burned after nightfall (which would permit him to sprinkle it even if the flesh became Tamei or lost); whereas according to Rava, the Kohen would not sprinkle the blood if the flesh became Tamei or lost.

(b)The sprinkling of the blood is only an Isur mid'Rabanan there where there is no Chiyuv to sprinkle it.

11)

(a)If someone Shechted the lambs of the Shalmei Tzibur of Shavu'os she'Lo Lishmah or on the wrong time day, the Kohanim would ...

1. ... sprinkle the blood.

2. ... eat the flesh.

3. ... neither sprinkle the blood nor eat the flesh - if this happened on Shabbos.

(b)If the Kohen went ahead and sprinkled the blood - the Korban would be effective, and he then goes ahead and burns the fat-pieces after nightfall.

(c)This Beraisa, which permits Shechting a Korban on Yom-Tov in order to burn the fat-pieces only bedi'Eved - poses a Kashya on Rabah bar Rav Huna in 10)a., who permits it even l'Chatchilah.

(d)We remain with a Kashya against Rabah bar Rav Huna. Alternatively, based on the fact that the Beraisa is talking on Shabbos, and not on Yom-Tov (like Rabah bar Rav Huna was), we suggest - that maybe Chazal were more stringent by Shabbos than they were by Yom-Tov.