[47a - 54 lines; 47b - 54 lines]
1)[line 1]אונאהONA'AH
(a)If a person makes a profit of one sixth of the total value on an item that he sells (without the purchaser's knowledge of the discrepancy), the transaction is valid, but the seller must return the profit to the purchaser. If the profit is less than one sixth, nothing is returned. If the profit is more than one sixth, the sale is invalid even if the profit is returned.
(b)With regard to sales of real estate, even if the profit is more than one sixth, the sale is valid and nothing is returned.
(c)When Beis Din errs in an appraisal of property by a sixth of its value, the Rabanan and Raban Shimon ben Gamliel argue whether the sale is binding (because of "Im Ken, Mah Ko'ach Beis Din Yafeh"; this is the view of Raban Shimon) or it is not binding (Rabanan).
2)[line 16]בשופטניSHUFTANEI- fools
3)[line 18]וטלהV'TALEH- and a lamb
4)[line 28]אתון, הכי מתניתו להATUN, HACHI MASNISU LAH- you learn the saying (of Rav Huna) like this (with no mention of whether he rules Matbe'a Na'aseh Chalipin or not)
5)[line 29]אנן, הכי מתנינן לה: "וכן אמר..."ANAN, HACHI MASNINAN LAH: "V'CHEN AMAR..."- we, however, learn that Rav Huna states explicitly, "Ein Matbe'a Na'aseh Chalipin"
6)[line 30]במה קוניןBA'MEH KONIN?- With what is the Kinyan Chalipin consummated, i.e. whose Sudar is used, the buyer or the seller?
7a)[line 31]בכליו של קונהB'CHELAV SHEL KONEH- the Sudar used in the symbolic Kinyan is given by the buyer (in exchange for the object that is being acquired)
b)[line 33]בכליו של מקנהB'CHELAV SHEL MAKNEH- the Sudar used in the symbolic Kinyan is given by the seller (along with the object that is being acquired) (see Background to Bava Metzia 45:8)
8)[line 34]מדסקרתאMI'DISKARTA- from Diskarta, probably the name of a place. The word means private town, settlement, or part of a town (e.g. (d'Iskarta) [Diskarta] d'Reish Galusa - the private town of the Reish Galusa - Eruvin 59a)
9)[line 36]גלימאGELIMA- a cloak
10a)[line 36]נכסים שיש להן אחריותNECHASIM SHE'YESH LAHEM ACHRAYUS- immobile goods such as land
b)[line 37]נכסים שאין להן אחריותNECHASIM SHE'EIN LAHEM ACHRAYUS- mobile goods such as money
11)[line 38]נכסים שאין להם אחריות נקנין אם נכסים שיש להם אחריותNECHASIM SHE'EIN LAHEM ACHRAYUS NIKNIN IM NECHASIM SHE'YESH LAHEM ACHRAYUS
(a)When a person purchases Nechasim she'Yesh Lahem Achrayus (immobile goods such as land) along with Nechasim she'Ein Lahem Achrayus (mobile goods such as a flowerpot), as soon as he makes a Kinyan of Kesef (paying money), Shtar (handing over a contract) or Chazakah (enhancing the land with the intention of buying it) on the land, he concurrently buys the mobile goods, also (Kidushin 26a and RASHI ibid.).
(b)The word Achrayus in this context means that people will trust a borrower who owns land since they can expect to extract payment from the land should the borrower not have the money to pay back his loan (RASHI ibid.).
12)[line 40]הוה מפיק לאפך פולסי דנוראHAVAH MAPIK L'APACH PULSEI D'NURA- (lit. he would have shot pulses of fire into your face) he would have put you into Cherem (see Background to Bava Kama 112:22) (RASHI)
13)[line 43]"וְזֹאת לְפָנִים בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל עַל הַגְּאוּלָּה וְעַל הַתְּמוּרָה לְקַיֵּם כָּל דָּבָר, שָׁלַף אִישׁ נַעֲלוֹ וְנָתַן לְרֵעֵהוּ; וְזֹאת הַתְּעוּדָה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל""V'ZOS LEFANIM B'YISRAEL AL HA'GE'ULAH V'AL HA'TEMURAH L'KAYEM KOL DAVAR: SHALAF ISH NA'ALO V'NASAN L'RE'EHU; V'ZOS HA'TE'UDAH B'YISRAEL" - "And this is what was formerly done in Yisrael in cases of redemption and exchange, transactions to validate any matter: one man would remove his shoe and give it to the other; this was the process of ratification in Yisrael." (Ruth 4:7) (BOAZ ACQUIRES THE RIGHTS TO MARRY RUS)
See Background to Bava Metzia 7:13.
14)[line 44]"[לֹא יְבַקֵּר בֵּין טוֹב לָרַע וְלֹא יְמִירֶנּוּ; וְאִם הָמֵר יְמִירֶנּוּ, וְהָיָה הוּא וּתְמוּרָתוֹ יִהְיֶה קֹדֶשׁ] לֹא יִגָּאֵל""[LO YEVAKER BEIN TOV LA'RA V'LO YEMIRENU; V'IM HAMER YEMIRENU, V'HAYAH HU U'SMURASO YIHEYEH KODESH] LO YIGA'EL"- "[He shall not inspect whether it is good or bad, nor shall he change it; and if he changes it at all, then both it and its change shall be holy,] it shall not be sold." (Vayikra 27:33, based on the translation of the word Yiga'el in Bechoros 32a) - TOSFOS DH Ge'ulah, citing Rabeinu Tam, points out that the Gemara is referring specifically to a verse that contains the word "Yiga'el" and does not contain the word "Yimacher" (i.e. not Vayikra 27:27 or 27:28).
15)[line 44]תמורה זו חליפין"TEMURAH" ZO CHALIPIN- the word "Temurah" in the verse refers to the Kinyan Chalipin where two equally-valued objects are bartered (TOSFOS DH Ge'ulah, citing Rabeinu Tam)
16)[line 45]"לֹא יַחֲלִיפֶנּוּ וְלֹא יָמִיר אֹתוֹ טוֹב בְּרָע אוֹ רַע בְּטוֹב; וְאִם הָמֵר יָמִיר בְּהֵמָה בִּבְהֵמָה, וְהָיָה הוּא וּתְמוּרָתוֹ יִהְיֶה קֹּדֶשׁ""LO YACHALIFENU V'LO YAMIR OSO [TOV B'RA O RA B'TOV; V'IM HAMER YAMIR BEHEMAH BI'VHEMAH, V'HAYAH HU U'SMURASO YIHEYEH KODESH]"- "He shall not trade it, nor exchange it, [a good one for a bad one or a bad one for a good one; and if he shall at all change beast for beast, then it and the exchange of it shall be holy.]" (Vayikra 27:10)
17)[line 45]"לְקַיֵּים כָּל דָּבָר""LEKAYEM KOL DAVAR"- the words "Lekayem Kol Davar" in the verse refer to the Kinyan Chalipin that is normally no more than a symbolic act in which an object of little value is exchanged in order to represent the acquisition of an object of value (see Background to Bava Metzia 45:8:c). (TOSFOS DH Ge'ulah, citing Rabeinu Tam; accordingly, both the words "Yachalifenu" and "Yamir" are necessary, and refer to two distinct forms of Chalipin).
18a)[line 46]בועז נתן לגואל / גואל נתן לבועזBOAZ NASAN LA'GO'EL / GO'EL NASAN L'VO'AZ- When Boaz performed Ge'ulah upon the property of Machlon (acquiring Ruth as his wife at the same time) instead of the Go'el (who was a closer relative, but chose not to perform Ge'ulah), the shoe of one of them was taken off and given to the other one (Ruth 4:1-8). The Tana'im argue as to who took off his shoe. Tana Kama states that Boaz took off his shoe and gave it to the Go'el, which is consistent with the opinion that Konim b'Chelav Shel Koneh (see above, entry 7a). Rebbi Yehudah states that the Go'el took off his shoe and gave it to Boaz, which is consistent with the opinion that Konim b'Chelav Shel Makneh (see above, entry 7b).
19)[line 52]דבר המסוייםDAVAR HA'MESUYAM- an item that is whole (RASHI)
20a)[line 52]חצי רמוןCHATZI RIMON- half a pomegranate
b)[line 52]וחצי אגוזV'CHATZI EGOZ- and half a nut
21a)[line 53]כמאן כתבינן האידנא...?K'MAN KASVINAN HA'IDNA…?- According to whom do we write nowadays [the following phrase in documents of acquisition (such as a Kesuvah)]?
b)[line 53]במנא דכשר למקניא ביהB'MANA D'CHASHER L'MIKNEYA VEI- with a utensil (or anything fit to be used for Kinyan Chalipin, such as a Sudar) that is fit to use in order to consummate a purchase
47b----------------------------------------47b
22)[line 1]במרוקאMAROKA- (a) a vessel made of baked dung (RASHI); (b) date pits used for smoothing parchment (RABBEINU CHANANEL, TOSFOS) or a seam or ridge in parchment or paper (ARUCH)
23a)[line 1]למקניאL'MIKNEYA- to purchase; acquire
b)[line 2]לקנוייLAKNUYEI- to cause others to purchase, i.e. to sell
24)[line 4]איסורי הנאהISUREI HANA'AH
Isurei Hana'ah are items from which it is prohibited by the Torah to derive benefit. Such items are considered to be of no monetary value. Some examples are Chametz b'Pesach (see Background to Bava Metzia 42:18) and Shor ha'Niskal (see Background to Bava Kama 96:39a).
25)[line 7]מוריקא לא אצטריך(MORIKA) MAROKA LO ITZTERICH- a specific word in a verse is not needed to exclude Maroka because of its insignificance
26)[line 9]מעות הניתנות בסימן לבית המרחץMA'OS HA'NITANOS B'SIMAN L'VEIS HA'MERCHATZ- [invalidated or worn-out] coins given to a bathhouse attendant to let him know the attendance at the time (lit. as a sign) (RASHI). Each person writes his name on his coin, which is returned to him at the end of his time in the bathhouse, in exchange for the bathhouse fee (RABEINU CHANANEL)
27)[line 16]ושוין שאין מחללין על מעות הניתנותV'SHAVIN SHE'EIN MECHALILIN AL MA'OS HA'NITANOS- see TOSFOS to Bava Metzia 44a DH ha'Zahav and DH Asimon
28)[line 19]פולסאPULSA- (a) (O.F. fladon) a blank, metal disc from which a coin is stamped (RASHI); (b) a medallion (TOSFOS to Bava Metzia 44a DH Asimon, citing Rabeinu Tam)
29)[line 22]"וְצַרְתָּ הַכֶּסֶף בְּיָדְךָ""V'TZARTA HA'KESEF B'YADCHA"- "... and you shall wrap the money in your hand" (Devarim 14:25)
30a)[line 22]כל דבר הנצרר בידKOL DAVAR HA'NITZRAR B'YAD- anything that is wrapped in the hand, even Asimonim
b)[line 24]כל דבר שיש עליו צורהKOL DAVAR SHE'YESH ALAV TZURAH- anything that has a figure or image on it
31)[line 29]מאן דשדא דליקהMAN D'SHADA DELEIKA- the arsonist
32)[line 35]"וְכִי תִמְכְּרוּ מִמְכָּר לַעֲמִיתֶךָ אוֹ קָנֹה מִיַּד עֲמִיתֶךָ, אַל תּוֹנוּ אִישׁ אֶת אָחִיו""V'CHI SIMKERU MIMKAR LA'AMISECHA O KANOH MI'YAD AMISECHA, AL TONU ISH ES ACHIV"- "And when you transact a purchase to your friend or acquire from the hand of your friend, [you shall not defraud one another]." (Vayikra 25:14)
33)[line 36]דבר הנקנה מיד לידDAVAR HA'NIKNEH MI'YAD L'YAD- a thing that is transferred from the hand (possession) [of one person] to the hand (possession) [of another person]
34)[line 42]שנתאנה לוקחSHE'NIS'ANEH LOKE'ACH- that the buyer is defrauded