[75a - 35 lines; 75b - 51 lines]
1)[line 1]וקוצץ לו דמיםV'KOTZETZ LO DAMIM- and they fixed the value of the loan according to the price of wheat at the time of the loan
2)[line 2]הוקרו, נותן דמיהםHUKRU, NOSEN DEMEIHEM- if the price of wheat goes up, he pays the original price [upon which they agreed]
3)[line 6]לגורןLA'GOREN- at the harvesting [of the next year's crop]
4)[line 7]עד שיבא בני, או עד שאמצא מפתחAD SHE'YAVO BENI, O AD SHE'EMTZA MAFTE'ACH- until my son comes [with the key to the storehouse], or until I find the key
5)[line 9]ככרKIKAR- a loaf of bread
6a)[line 22]בני חבורהBENEI CHABURAH- the members of a group of people
b)[line 22]המקפידין זה על זהHA'MAKPIDIN ZEH AL ZEH- that are stingy and careful not to let each other take too much
7)[line 23]משום מדה ומשום משקל ומשום מניןMISHUM MIDAH U'MISHUM MISHKAL U'MISHUM MINYAN- they transgress the Rabbinic prohibition against taking merchandise on Shabbos or Yom Tov by its volume, if it is an item that is measured by volume, and against weighing, if it is an item that is weighed and against counting, if it is an item that is counted
8)[line 24]ומשום לוין ופורעיןU'MISHUM LOVIN U'FOR'IN- they transgress the Rabbinic enactment not to borrow using the word "Halva'ah," (TOSFOS to Shabbos 149a DH Benei) and not to pay back on Shabbos what one borrows during the week (CHIDUSHEI HA'RAN to Shabbos ibid.)
9)[line 25]אף משום רביתAF MISHUM RIBIS- they pay with interest, according to Hillel (since they pay back the present value of the food they borrowed, if it rose in price)
10)[line 29]פלפליןPILPELIN- peppers
11)[line 30]ואריךV'ARICH- and it is right, befitting
12)[line 33]דאתי למסרךD'ASI L'MISRACH- (a) they may come to do so themselves, (after they witness the large sums of Ribis that they were forced to pay their father) (RASHI); (b) he may come to do so to others as well
13a)[line 34]נכש עמיNAKESH IMI- weed with me (thin out plants so that they will grow better)
b)[line 34]עדור עמיADOR IMI- hoe with me
75b----------------------------------------75b
14a)[line 1]ימי גרידYEMEI GERID- the season when the ground is dry
b)[line 1]ימי רביעהYEMEI REVI'AH- the season when the ground is moist (a Revi'ah is the word for a rainfall, such as Revi'ah Rishonah — Ta'anis 5a, 18b)
15)[line 5]משלח לוMESHALE'ACH LO- he sends him [any type of present]
16)[line 10]לא יאמר לו "דע כי בא איש פלוני ממקום פלוני"LO YOMAR LO, "DA KI BA ISH PLONI MI'MAKOM PLONI"- (a) the Loveh should not say to the Malveh (as a result of having received a loan), "You should know that so-and-so has come from such-and-such a place," which is information that the Malveh is very interested to know (ROSH, RIF, according to the Bi'ur ha'Gra to the Shulchan Aruch CM 160:21); (b) according to the Girsa (of the Yerushalmi) "DA IM BA ISH PLONI" - (i) the Malveh should not say to the Loveh, "[Pay attention, that] if so-and-so comes from such-and-such a place [give him honor, food and drink as is fitting for him] (RAMBAM Hilchos Malveh v'Loveh 5:13, according to the Bi'ur ha'Gra ibid.); (ii) the Malveh should not say to the Loveh, "Let me know if so-and-so comes from such-and-such a place (TUR, SHULCHAN ARUCH CM 160:12, according to the Bi'ur ha'Gra ibid.)
17a)[line 13]"[אֶת כַּסְפְּךָ] לֹא תִתֵּן [לוֹ בְּנֶשֶׁךְ, וּבְמַרְבִּית לֹא תִתֵּן אָכְלֶךָ]""[ES KASPECHA] LO SITEN [LO B'NESHECH, UV'MARBIS LO SITEN OCHLECHA]"- "You shall not give [to him your money with interest, and you shall not give your food for increase]." (Vayikra 25:37)
b)[line 13]"אַל תִּקַּח מֵאִתּוֹ [נֶשֶׁךְ וְתַרְבִּית, וְיָרֵאתָ מֵאֱלֹקֶיךָ; וְחֵי אָחִיךָ עִמָּךְ]""AL TIKACH ME'ITO [NESHECH V'SARBIS, V'YAREISA ME'ELOKECHA; V'CHEI ACHICHA IMACH]"- "Do not take from him [interest or increase, but fear your G-d; so that your brother may live with you]." (Vayikra 25:36)
c)[line 14]"[אִם כֶּסֶף תַּלְוֶה אֶת עַמִּי אֶת הֶעָנִי עִמָּךְ,] לֹא תִהְיֶה לוֹ כְּנֹשֶׁה; [לֹא תְשִׂימוּן עָלָיו נֶשֶׁךְ]""[IM KESEF TALVEH ES AMI, ES HE'ANI IMACH,] LO SIHEYEH LO K'NOSHEH; [LO SESIMUN ALAV NESHECH]"- "[If you lend money to any of My people with you who is poor,] you shall not act to him as one who demands repayment of a loan, [nor shall you lay upon him interest]." (Shemos 22:24)
d)[line 15]ו"...לֹא תְשִׂימוּן עָלָיו נֶשֶׁךְ"V'"...LO SESIMUN ALAV NESHECH"- and [the prohibition of] "... nor shall you lay upon him interest." (Shemos 22:24)
18)[line 16]"וְלִפְנֵי עִוֵּר לֹא תִתֵּן מִכְשׁוֹל...""V'LIFNEI IVER LO SITEN MICHSHOL…"- "Do not place a stumbling block before the blind." (Vayikra 19:14) - We learn from this verse that it is forbidden to cause another person to sin by giving him bad advice or by placing before him the opportunity to sin. (Some Rishonim explain that this is only an Isur mid'Rabanan (a Rabbinic prohibition) and is not implicit in the verse.)
19)[line 18]לנושה בחבירוNOSHEH B'CHAVEIRO- one who demands from his fellowman repayment of a loan
20)[line 18]להקדים לו שלוםL'HAKDIM LO SHALOM- to be the first one to greet the other
21)[line 19]"[לֹא תַשִּׁיךְ לְאָחִיךָ נֶשֶׁךְ כֶּסֶף נֶשֶׁךְ אֹכֶל,] נֶשֶׁךְ כָּל דָּבָר אֲשֶׁר יִשָּׁךְ""[LO SASHICH L'ACHICHA, NESHECH KESEF, NESHECH OCHEL,] NESHECH KOL DAVAR ASHER YISHACH"- "[You shall not cause your brother to take interest, interest for money, interest for food;] interest of any object for which he might take interest." (Devarim 23:20) Rebbi Shimon Bar Yochai interprets the verse as "interest [in the form] of any words."
22)[line 23]"[לַנָּכְרִי תַשִּׁיךְ] וּלְאָחִיךָ לֹא תַשִּׁיךְ""[LA'NOCHRI SASHICH,] UL'ACHICHA LO SASHICH..."- "[To a Nochri you shall lend with interest,] but to your brother you may not lend with interest...." (Devarim 23:21)
23)[line 27]חכם / אמתCHACHAM / EMES- these words are euphemisms for their antonyms
24)[line 34]"הִרְכַּבְתָּ אֶנוֹשׁ לְרֹאשֵׁנוּ, בָּאנוּ בָאֵשׁ וּבַמַּיִם""HIRKAVTA ENOSH L'ROSHEINU, BANU VA'ESH UVA'MAYIM..."- "You have caused men to ride over our heads; we went through fire and through water..." (Tehilim 66:12) - Rashi explains that the Gemara interprets the word "Rosheinu" as one who demands payment of a loan, since the Targum of the word "Nosheh" is "Rashya." (Shemos 22:24)
25)[line 38]"תֵּאָלַמְנָה שִׂפְתֵי שָׁקֶר, הַדּוֹבְרוֹת עַל צַדִּיק עָתָק [בְּגַאֲוָה וָבוּז]""TE'ALAMNAH SIFSEI SHAKER, HA'DOVEROS AL TZADIK ASAK [B'GA'AVAH VA'VUZ]"- "Let the lying lips be put to silence, which speak false words, [arrogantly and contemptuously,] against the righteous." (Tehilim 31:19)
26)[line 39]קא מקיים רבינא כל מה דאמור רבנןKA MEKAYEM RAVINA KOL MAH D'AMUR RABANAN- Ravina is careful to keep all of the enactments of the Rabanan
27)[line 40]שלח ליה בהדי פניא דמעלי שבתאSHALACH LEI BA'HADEI PANYA D'MA'ALEI SHABATA- he sent to him towards evening on Erev Shabbos
28a)[line 40]לישדר לי מר עשרה זוזיLISHDAR LI MAR ASARAH ZUZEI- Send me, my master, ten Zuzim
b)[line 41]דאתרמי לי קטינא דארעא למזבןD'ISRAMI LI KETINA D'AR'A L'MIZBAN- since I chanced upon a small plot of land to buy
29)[line 41]ניתי מר סהדי ונכתב כתבאNEISI MAR SAHADEI, V'NICHTOV KESAVA- Let my master bring witnesses, and we will write the [loan] document
30)[line 42]דטריד בגירסיהD'TARID B'GIRSEI- is [always] busy learning
31)[line 42]משתליMISHTELI- he will forget
32)[line 46]דביש ליה בהא מתאD'BISH LEI B'HA MASA- it is bad for him in his city (i.e. he cries out to HaSh-m, but is not answered; he may change his fate by moving to another city — MAHARSHA)
PEREK #6 HA'SOCHER ES HA'UMNIN
33)[line 49]השוכר את האומניןHA'SOCHER ES HA'UMANIN- one who hires workers. "Umnin" implies both workers who are hired by the day (Sechir Yom), as well as those who are hired to complete a specific job (Kablan) (TOSFOS DH ha'Socher).
34)[line 49]והטעו זה את זהV'HIT'U ZEH ES ZEH- they tricked each other. The Gemara (76a-b) offers five explanations for the meaning of this term.
35)[line 49]אין להם זה על זה אלא תרעומותEIN LA'HEM ZHE AL ZEH ELA TAR'UMOS- they have nothing on each other but grievances. The TIFERES YISRAEL explains that there is no need for one to pay money to he who has Tar'umos against him, even in order to fulfill the will of Heaven (la'Tzes Yedei Shamayim). The CHASAM SOFER (to 76a) maintains that it is forbidden to back out of a situation in which the other may have Tar'umos for no reason.
36a)[line 49]החמרHA'CHAMAR- a donkey driver
b)[line 49]הקדרHA'KADAR- a) a wagon driver (RASHI); b) a potter, who owns a wagon with which to deliver his wares (TOSFOS DH Es, first explanation); c) according to the Girsa KARAR - a wagon driver (TOSFOS DH Es, second explanation)
37)[line 50]פרייפריןPIRYAFARIN- smooth, pointed branches used to build a wedding canopy
38)[line 50]וחליליםCHALILIM- flutes
39)[line 50]למתL'MES- [to play a dirge] for [the funeral of] one who is deceased
40)[line 50]ופועליןPO'ALIN- workers hired by the day
41)[line 50]להעלות פשתנו מן המשרהL'HA'ALOS PISHTANO MIN HA'MISHRAH- to lift his flax from the water in which it is soaking [in order to soften it before it is beaten and combed]
42)[line 50]דבר שאבדDAVAR SHE'AVED- job that is time-sensitive
43)[line 50]וחזרו בהןV'CHAZRU BAHEN- they backed out [of the job]
44)[last line]שאין שם אדםSHE'EIN SHAM ADAM- there is no one [who is willing to do the job for the same price]
45)[last line]שוכר עליהןSOCHER ALEIHEN- he may hire [other workers at a higher rate and it is incumbent] upon them [to pay the difference]
46)[last line]מטעןMAT'AN- he may trick them [into doing the work themselves by promising them a higher wage, which he need not pay (76b)]
47)[last line]ידם על התחתונהYADAM AL HA'TACHTONAH- they have the lower hand; i.e., they receive no more than the prorated share of the work that they performed, even if the workers hired to complete the job received a lower rate. If the workers hired to complete the job demand a higher rate, then the difference is taken from their prorated share of the work that they performed.