1)

(a)The Zero'a, Lechayayim and Keivah are - the right foreleg, the cheeks and the maw (stomach) of a Chulin animal ...

(b)... that one gives to a Kohen.

(c)This obligation extends both to ...

1. ... Chutz la'Aretz, and to ...

2. ... when the Beis-ha'Mikdash is not standing, but ...

3. ... not to Mukdashin.

(d)The Tana sees fit to mention the first two Dinim, which are obvious - on account of the third Din, which is a Chidush, as we will now see.

2)

(a)We would have thought that 'Zero'a, Lechayayim ve'Keivah' extends to Mukdashin - 'Kal va'Chomer' from 'Chazeh ve'Shok (the chest and the right calf)', which pertain to Kodshim, but not to Chulin (See Tosfos Yom Tov DH 'she'Hayah ba'Din ... ' & 'Talmud Lomar ... ').

(b)However, based on the words "va'Etein osam" (in the Pasuk in Tzav [in connection with 'Chazeh ve'Shok'] "va'Etein osam le'Aharon ha'Kohen u'le'Vanav le'Chok Olam") - implying "osam" but nothing else, Mukdashin are exempt.

3)

(a)Kodshim - are not subject to the Din of Bechorah.

(b)Kodshim (See Tosfos Yom Tov) that obtained a blemish and have been redeemed are subject to Bechorah and 'Matanos' - (Zero'a, Lechayayim ve'Keivah) ...

(c)... provided - the (permanent) blemish preceded the declaration of Kedushah.

(d)They are not ...

1. ... Patur after they have been redeemed - because their Kedushah is not Kedushas ha'Guf.

2. ... not Chayav before they have been redeemed - because, due to the principle of 'Ein Kedushah Chalah al Kedushah, their Kedushah (Kedushas Damim) overrides the Din of Bechorah (See also Tosfos Yom Tov).

4)

(a)In the current case (where the blemish precedes the Hekdesh) once they have been redeemed (See Tosfos Yom Tov) - one may work with them and shear them (See Tosfos Yom Tov).

(b)Their babies and their milk are permitted - on the same condition (See Tosfos Yom Tov).

(c)The babies are permitted without needing to be redeemed however - if they are born after the mother has been redeemed.

(d)If one ...

1. ... Shechts them ba'Chutz - one is Patur (See Tosfos Yom Tov), and if one ...

2. ... declares a Temurah on them (even before they have been redeemed) - it does not take effect ...

(e)... because Temurah only takes effect if one tries to replace Kodshim that were initially unblemished.

5)

(a)Regarding the current case, in the event that the Kodshim die - they may be redeemed (See Tiferes Yisrael & Tosfos Yom Tov).

(b)The principle 'Ein Podin es ha'Kodshim Leha'achilan li'Kelavim' does not apply here - since it only applies to Kodshim that are Kedushas ha'Guf.

6)

(a)The two exceptions to the above rulings are B'chor and Ma'aser - which are both Kadosh Kedushas ha'Guf (despite the fact that they are blemished).

(b)A B'chor is Kadosh Kedushas ha'Guf even if it is born with a blemish even though it cannot go on the Mizbe'ach) - since the Torah prescribes the Kedushah to the fact that it opens the womb.

(c)In the Pasuk in Bechukosai "ha'Asiri Yih'yeh Kodesh la'Hashem, Lo Yevaker bein Tov la'Ra"), "bein Tov la'Ra" means - whether it is unblemished or blemished.

(d)We therefore learn from there that - Ma'aser Beheimah takes effect even on a blemished animal.

(e)A blemished animal that is ...

1. ... a B'chor - is eaten by a Kohen (in fact it is given to a Kohen, but anyone may eat it - Hagahos ve'Chidusim).

2. ... Ma'aser - is redeemed and eaten by anyone.

7)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses a case where the Hekdesh preceded the (permanent) blemish (Pesulei ha'Mukashin), by which the Torah writes (in Re'ei) "Tizbach ve'Achalta Basar". We learn from the word ...

1. ... "Tizbach" - 've'Lo Gizah' (not to shear [See Tosfos Yom Tov DH 'Lehigazez']).

2. ... "ve'Achalta" - 've'Lo li'Kelavecha' (not to feed the dogs).

3. ... "Basar" - 've'Lo Chalav' (not to drink the milk).

(b)The Tana exempts Pesulei ha'Mukdashin from the Din of B'chor and of Matanos. We learn this from the Pasuk there (in connection with Pesulei ha'Mukashin) "ka'Tzevi ve'cha'Ayal" - which are not subject to Bechorah (See Tosfos Yom Tov DH 'u'min ha'Matanos') ...

(c)... which we learn from the words "bi'Vekarcha u've'Tzoncha" (in the Pasuk there "Kol ha'Bechor asher Yivaled bi'Vekarcha u've'Tzoncha").

(d)The Mishnah considers a Kodshim animal that has a passing blemish before it is declared Hekdesh - Pesulei ha'Mukdashin.

8)

(a)The Tana - forbids the babies and the milk of Pesulei ha'Mukdashin (as we learned earlier).

(b)He must be speaking in a case where the mother became pregnant before it was redeemed, because if it became pregnant after it was redeemed - it has the Din of Tz'vi ve'Ayal (which is not subject to Hekdesh).

(c)The Din in the equivalent case, where the blemish preceded the Hekdeh - is exactly the same as the current case, in this regard (See Tosfos Yom Tov).

9)

(a)The problem with the Tana's ruling 'ha'Shochtan ba'Chutz Chayav' is that - they are not fit to bring to the entrance of the Ohel Mo'ed, and whatever is not fit to bring to the entrance of the Ohel Mo'ed is not subject to Shechutei Chutz.

(b)To answer the Kashya, we establish the Mishnah by Dukin she'be'Ayin (a blemish in the eye), like Rebbi Akiva, who says that - if a Kodshim animal with Dukin she'be'Ayin is brought on to the Mizbe'ach, it remains on the Mizbe'ach ...

(c)... in which case it is subject to Shechutei Chutz.

10)

(a)The Mishnah rules that Pesulei ha'Mukdashin can make a Temurah - as long as they have not yet been redeemed ...

(b)... based on the Pasuk in Bechukosai - "Tov be'Ra O Ra be'Tov" (as we explained earlier).

(c)Pesulei ha'Mukdashin that die - must be buried.

(d)They cannot be redeemed - since, as we already learned, one may not redeem Kodshim to feed the dogs.

11)

(a)We already learned that a B'chor is Patur from Matanos. The Mishnah rules, that, if a B'chor became mixed in a hundred animals of its kind, assuming they are Shechted by (belong to [Tiferes Yisrael]) ...

1. ... a hundred and one different people - is Patur from Matanos.

2. ... one person - one of them is Patur from Matanos.

(b)The reason for ...

1. ... the former ruling is - because if the Kohen comes to claim Matanos, each owner can say that his animal is the B'chor.

2. ... the latter ruling is - because the Kohen can say to him that at least one of them is a B'chor.

(c)The Tana is obviously not talking about where all the animals belong to Kohanim. Nor can he be referring to where they belong to Yisre'elim, and where the owner of the B'chor has not yet given it to the Kohen - because if the owners refuse to give the Kohen Matanos on the grounds that their animal is the B'chor, he will reply that, in that case, the entire animal belongs to him.

(d)The case must therefore be - where the B'chor has already been given to the Kohen, and he sold it, blemished, to a Yisrael (See Tosfos Yom Tov DH 'bi'Zeman ...').

(e)A B'chor is not subject to Matanos - because 'Kedushah cannot take effect on Kedushah'.

12)

(a)The Tana rules that someone who Shechts an animal ...

1. ... belonging to a Kohen or to a Nochri or ...

2. ... in which he is a partner with either of them - is Patur from Matanos (See Tosfos Yom Tov DH 'ha'Shochet la'Kohen ... ' & 'Patur min ha'Matanos').

(b)In the latter case, the Mishnah obligates him to make a mark on the animal - so that people should realize that the animal is partially owned by a Kohen or by a Nochri.

(c)If the Kohen or the Nochri sells the entire animal to a Yisrael 'except for the Matanos' - the Yisrael is exempt from Matanos (See Tiferes Yisrael).

13)

(a)If Reuven sells Shimon the innards of a cow that include the Matanos - he remains obligated to give the Matanos to a Kohen.

(b)If Shimon wants to deduct the cost of the Matanos from the price - he is not permitted to do so ...

(c)... unless he purchased the innards by weight, in which case he pays only for what he receives.

14)

(a)If ...

1. ... the Matanos of an animal have not been taken - the Basar may nevertheless be eaten.

2. ... a Shochet does not take Matanos from the animal that he Shechts - he is placed in Niduy (Cherem) ...

(b)... even if he is a Kohen, whose own animals are Patur from Matanos.

(c)If a Kohen Shechts and sells animals in the market, one waits - two or three weeks to see whether he separates the Matanos.

(d)From then on - one takes the Matanos from him and gives them to other Kohanim.

(e)In the event that he opens his own butcher-shop - one takes the Matanos from him immediately, and if he resists, one places him in Niduy.

15)

(a)The Mishnah ...

1. ... exempts a Ger who Shechs an animal from Matanos - if he Shechted it before his conversion.

2. ... obligates him to give them to a Kohen - if he Shechted it after the conversion.

(b)If he is not sure when he Shechted it, he is Patur - based on the principle 'ha'Motzi me'Chavero alav ha'Re'ayah' (See also Tosfos Yom Tov).

16)

(a)The Mishnah rules that "Zero'a" incorporates ...

1. ... Perek shel Arkuvah - the knee-bone and ...

2. ... Kaf shel Yad - the shoulder bone.

(b)The Perek shel Arkuvah of a Beheimah - ends at the point where the upper knee-bone of a camel is visible.

(c)The Zero'a is generally sold together with - the head.

(d)We learn from the word "ha'Zero'a" (in the Pasuk in Parshas Shoftim "ve'Nasan la'Kohen ha'Zero'a ... ") that - it is the right Zero'a (the one that is more Chashuv) that is given to the Kohen.

(e)The Zero'a is also taken - from the Shalmei Nazir and given to the Kohen.

17)

(a)The Zero'a (of Matanos) is taken - from the right foreleg.

(b)The corresponding limb from the hind legs of a Shelamim that one gives to the Kohen is - the Shok (the calf).

(c)According to Rebbi Yehudah, one gives the calf from the knee-bone up to the 'Sovech shel Regel' - the Kulyas (the thigh-bone).

(d)According to Rebbi Yehudah, one must give - only the calf-bone (See Tosfos Yom Tov).

(e)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.

18)

(a)The Mishnah defines 'Lechayayim' as - from the (lower jaw) up to the 'Pikah' of the trachea.

(b)According to the explanation that translates Pikah shel Gargeres as the opening of the Kaneh (which is synonymous with the Shipuy Kova (the slope of the thyroid cartilage), this incorporates the lower jaw plus the tongue.

(c)The alternative translation of 'Pikah shel Gargeres' is - the large ring of the trachea that is round like a coil.