(d)Why does the Tana see fit to mention the first two Dinim, which are obvious?
1)
(a)The Zero'a, Lechayayim and Keivah are - the right foreleg, the cheeks and the maw (stomach) of a Chulin animal ...
(b)... that one gives to a Kohen.
(c)This obligation extends both to ...
1. ... Chutz la'Aretz, and to ...
2. ... when the Beis-ha'Mikdash is not standing, but ...
3. ... not to Mukdashin.
(d)The Tana sees fit to mention the first two Dinim, which are obvious - on account of the third Din, which is a Chidush, as we will now see.
2)
(a)Why, based on the Din of 'Chazeh ve'Shok (the chest and the right calf)', would we have thought that 'Zero'a, Lechayayim ve'Keivah' extends to Mukdashin?
(b)Then why, based on the words "va'Etein osam" (in the Pasuk in Tzav [in connection with 'Chazeh ve'Shok'] "va'Etein o sam le'Aharon ha'Kohen u'le'Vanav le'Chok Olam") are Mukdashin exempt?
2)
(a)We would have thought that 'Zero'a, Lechayayim ve'Keivah' extends to Mukdashin - 'Kal va'Chomer' from 'Chazeh ve'Shok (the chest and the right calf)', which pertain to Kodshim, but not to Chulin (See Tosfos Yom Tov DH 'she'Hayah ba'Din ... ' & 'Talmud Lomar ... ').
(b)However, based on the words "va'Etein osam" (in the Pasuk in Tzav [in connection with 'Chazeh ve'Shok'] "va'Etein osam le'Aharon ha'Kohen u'le'Vanav le'Chok Olam") - implying "osam" but nothing else, Mukdashin are exempt.
Mishnah 2
3)
(a)Are Kodshim subject to the Din of Bechorah?
(b)Kodshim that obtained a blemish and have been redeemed are subject to Bechorah and Matanos. What are 'Matanos'?
(c)On what condition are they Chayav?
(d)On what basis are they not ...
1. ... Patur after they have been redeemed?
2. ... not Chayav before they have been redeemed?
3)
(a)Kodshim - are not subject to the Din of Bechorah.
(b)Kodshim (See Tosfos Yom Tov) that obtained a blemish and have been redeemed are subject to Bechorah and 'Matanos' - (Zero'a, Lechayayim ve'Keivah) ...
(c)... provided - the (permanent) blemish preceded the declaration of Kedushah.
(d)They are not ...
1. ... Patur after they have been redeemed - because their Kedushah is not Kedushas ha'Guf.
2. ... not Chayav before they have been redeemed - because, due to the principle of 'Ein Kedushah Chalah al Kedushah, their Kedushah (Kedushas Damim) overrides the Din of Bechorah (See also Tosfos Yom Tov).
4)
(a)What is the Din in the current case (where the blemish precedes the Hekdesh) regarding shearing and working with them?
(b)On what condition are their babies and their milk permitted?
(c)On what condition will the babies be permitted without needing to be redeemed?
(d)What if one ...
1. ... Shechts them ba'Chutz?
2. ... declares a Temurah on them?
(e)Why is that? On what basic condition are Kodshim subject to Temurah?
4)
(a)In the current case (where the blemish precedes the Hekdesh) once they have been redeemed (See Tosfos Yom Tov) - one may work with them and shear them (See Tosfos Yom Tov).
(b)Their babies and their milk are permitted - on the same condition (See Tosfos Yom Tov).
(c)The babies are permitted without needing to be redeemed however - if they are born after the mother has been redeemed.
(d)If one ...
1. ... Shechts them ba'Chutz - one is Patur (See Tosfos Yom Tov), and if one ...
2. ... declares a Temurah on them (even before they have been redeemed) - it does not take effect ...
(e)... because Temurah only takes effect if one tries to replace Kodshim that were initially unblemished.
5)
(a)And what does one do with the Kodshim (in the current case) in the event that they die?
(b)Why does the principle 'Ein Podin es ha'Kodshim Leha'achilan li'Kelavim' not apply here?
5)
(a)Regarding the current case, in the event that the Kodshim die - they may be redeemed (See Tiferes Yisrael & Tosfos Yom Tov).
(b)The principle 'Ein Podin es ha'Kodshim Leha'achilan li'Kelavim' does not apply here - since it only applies to Kodshim that are Kedushas ha'Guf.
6)
(a)The two exceptions to the above rulings are B'chor and Ma'aser. In what way are B'chor and Ma'aser whose blemish preceded their Hekdesh different than other Kodshim?
(b)On what basis is a B'chor Kadosh Kedushas ha'Guf even if it is born with a blemish?
(c)In the Pasuk in Bechukosai "ha'Asiri Yih'yeh Kodesh la'Hashem, Lo Yevaker bein Tov la'Ra"), what does "bein Tov la'Ra" mean?
(d)What do we therefore learn from there?
(e)What does one now do with a blemished animal that is ...
1. ... a B'chor?
2. ... Ma'aser?
6)
(a)The two exceptions to the above rulings are B'chor and Ma'aser - which are both Kadosh Kedushas ha'Guf (despite the fact that they are blemished).
(b)A B'chor is Kadosh Kedushas ha'Guf even if it is born with a blemish even though it cannot go on the Mizbe'ach) - since the Torah prescribes the Kedushah to the fact that it opens the womb.
(c)In the Pasuk in Bechukosai "ha'Asiri Yih'yeh Kodesh la'Hashem, Lo Yevaker bein Tov la'Ra"), "bein Tov la'Ra" means - whether it is unblemished or blemished.
(d)We therefore learn from there that - Ma'aser Beheimah takes effect even on a blemished animal.
(e)A blemished animal that is ...
1. ... a B'chor - is eaten by a Kohen (in fact it is given to a Kohen, but anyone may eat it - Hagahos ve'Chidusim).
2. ... Ma'aser - is redeemed and eaten by anyone.
7)
(a)The Mishnah now discusses a case where the Hekdesh preceded the (permanent) blemish (known as Pesulei ha'Mukashin), by which the Torah writes (in Re'ei) "Tizbach ve'Achalta Basar". What do we learn from the word ...
1. ... "Tizbach"? (What does it come to preclude)?
2. ... "ve'Achalta"?
3. ... "Basar"?
(b)The Tana exempts Pesulei ha'Mukdashin from the Din of B'chor and of Matanos. How do we learn this from the Pasuk there (in connection with Pesulei ha'Mukashin) "ka'Tzevi ve'cha'Ayal"?
(c)And what do we learn from the words "bi'Vekarcha u've'Tzoncha" (in the Pasuk there "Kol ha'Bechor asher Yivaled bi'Vekarcha u've'Tzoncha")?
(d)What does the Mishnah say about a case where the Kodshim animal had a passing blemish before it was declared Hekdesh?
7)
(a)The Mishnah now discusses a case where the Hekdesh preceded the (permanent) blemish (Pesulei ha'Mukashin), by which the Torah writes (in Re'ei) "Tizbach ve'Achalta Basar". We learn from the word ...
2. ... "ve'Achalta" - 've'Lo li'Kelavecha' (not to feed the dogs).
3. ... "Basar" - 've'Lo Chalav' (not to drink the milk).
(b)The Tana exempts Pesulei ha'Mukdashin from the Din of B'chor and of Matanos. We learn this from the Pasuk there (in connection with Pesulei ha'Mukashin) "ka'Tzevi ve'cha'Ayal" - which are not subject to Bechorah (See Tosfos Yom Tov DH 'u'min ha'Matanos') ...
(c)... which we learn from the words "bi'Vekarcha u've'Tzoncha" (in the Pasuk there "Kol ha'Bechor asher Yivaled bi'Vekarcha u've'Tzoncha").
(d)The Mishnah considers a Kodshim animal that has a passing blemish before it is declared Hekdesh - Pesulei ha'Mukdashin.
8)
(a)What does the Tana say about the babies and the milk of Pesulei ha'Mukdashin?
(b)Why must he be speaking in a case where the mother became pregnant before it was redeemed? What will be the Din if it became pregnant after it was redeemed?
(c)What is the Din in the equivalent case, where the blemish preceded the Hekdeh?
8)
(a)The Tana - forbids the babies and the milk of Pesulei ha'Mukdashin (as we learned earlier).
(b)He must be speaking in a case where the mother became pregnant before it was redeemed, because if it became pregnant after it was redeemed - it has the Din of Tz'vi ve'Ayal (which is not subject to Hekdesh).
(c)The Din in the equivalent case, where the blemish preceded the Hekdeh - is exactly the same as the current case, in this regard (See Tosfos Yom Tov).
9)
(a)What problem do we have with the Tana's ruling 'ha'Shochtan ba'Chutz Chayav'?
(b)To answer the Kashya, we establish the Mishnah by Dukin she'be'Ayin (a blemish in the eye), like Rebbi Akiva. What does Rebbi Akiva say about an animal with Dukin she'be'Ayin?
(c)How does this solve the problem?
9)
(a)The problem with the Tana's ruling 'ha'Shochtan ba'Chutz Chayav' is that - they are not fit to bring to the entrance of the Ohel Mo'ed, and whatever is not fit to bring to the entrance of the Ohel Mo'ed is not subject to Shechutei Chutz.
(b)To answer the Kashya, we establish the Mishnah by Dukin she'be'Ayin (a blemish in the eye), like Rebbi Akiva, who says that - if a Kodshim animal with Dukin she'be'Ayin is brought on to the Mizbe'ach, it remains on the Mizbe'ach ...
(c)... in which case it is subject to Shechutei Chutz.
10)
(a)On what condition does the Mishnah rule that Pesulei ha'Mukdashin can make a Temurah?
(b)On which Pasuk in Bechukosai is this ruling based?
(c)What happens to Pesulei ha'Mukdashin that die?
(d)Why can they not be redeemed?
10)
(a)The Mishnah rules that Pesulei ha'Mukdashin can make a Temurah - as long as they have not yet been redeemed ...
(b)... based on the Pasuk in Bechukosai - "Tov be'Ra O Ra be'Tov" (as we explained earlier).
(c)Pesulei ha'Mukdashin that die - must be buried.
(d)They cannot be redeemed - since, as we already learned, one may not redeem Kodshim to feed the dogs.
Mishnah 3
11)
(a)We already learned that a B'chor is Patur from Matanos. What does the Mishnah say with regard to Matanos, about a B'chor that became mixed in a hundred animals of its kind, assuming they are Shechted (See Tosfos Yom Tov) by (belong to [Tiferes Yisrael]) ...
1. ... a hundred and one different people?
2. ... one person?...
(b)What is the reason for ...
1. ... the former ruling?
2. ... the latter ruling?
(c)The Tana is obviously not talking about where all the animals belong to Kohanim. Why can he not be referring to where they belong to Yisre'elim, and where the owner of the B'chor has not yet given it to the Kohen?
(d)So what is the case?
(e)On what grounds is a B'chor not subject to Matanos?
11)
(a)We already learned that a B'chor is Patur from Matanos. The Mishnah rules, that, if a B'chor became mixed in a hundred animals of its kind, assuming they are Shechted by (belong to [Tiferes Yisrael]) ...
1. ... a hundred and one different people - is Patur from Matanos.
2. ... one person - one of them is Patur from Matanos.
(b)The reason for ...
1. ... the former ruling is - because if the Kohen comes to claim Matanos, each owner can say that his animal is the B'chor.
2. ... the latter ruling is - because the Kohen can say to him that at least one of them is a B'chor.
(c)The Tana is obviously not talking about where all the animals belong to Kohanim. Nor can he be referring to where they belong to Yisre'elim, and where the owner of the B'chor has not yet given it to the Kohen - because if the owners refuse to give the Kohen Matanos on the grounds that their animal is the B'chor, he will reply that, in that case, the entire animal belongs to him.
(d)The case must therefore be - where the B'chor has already been given to the Kohen, and he sold it, blemished, to a Yisrael (See Tosfos Yom Tov DH 'bi'Zeman ...').
(e)A B'chor is not subject to Matanos - because 'Kedushah cannot take effect on Kedushah'.
12)
(a)What does the Tana say about someone who Shechts an animal ...
1. ... belonging to a Kohen or to a Nochri, regarding Matanos?
2. ... in which he is a partner with either of them?
(b)Why, in the latter case, does the Mishnah obligate him to make a mark on the animal?
(c)What will be the Din if the Kohen or the Nochri sells the entire animal to a Yisrael 'except for the Matanos'?
12)
(a)The Tana rules that someone who Shechts an animal ...
1. ... belonging to a Kohen or to a Nochri or ...
2. ... in which he is a partner with either of them - is Patur from Matanos (See Tosfos Yom Tov DH 'ha'Shochet la'Kohen ... ' & 'Patur min ha'Matanos').
(b)In the latter case, the Mishnah obligates him to make a mark on the animal - so that people should realize that the animal is partially owned by a Kohen or by a Nochri.
(c)If the Kohen or the Nochri sells the entire animal to a Yisrael 'except for the Matanos' - the Yisrael is exempt from Matanos (See Tiferes Yisrael).
13)
(a)If Reuven sells Shimon the innards of a cow that include the Matanos, what happens to the Matanos?
(b)What if Shimon wants to deduct the cost of the Matanos from the price?
(c)On what condition may he do so?
13)
(a)If Reuven sells Shimon the innards of a cow that include the Matanos - he remains obligated to give the Matanos to a Kohen.
(b)If Shimon wants to deduct the cost of the Matanos from the price - he is not permitted to do so ...
(c)... unless he purchased the innards by weight, in which case he pays only for what he receives.
14)
(a)What happens to ...
1. ... the Basar of an animal from which the Matanos have not been taken?
2. ... a Shochet who does not take Matanos from the animal that he Shechts?
(b)What if he is a Kohen, whose own animals are Patur from Matanos?
(c)If a Kohen Shechts and sells animals in the market, how long does one wait to see whether he separates the Matanos?
(d)What does one do from then on?
(e)And what if he opens his own butcher-shop?
14)
(a)If ...
1. ... the Matanos of an animal have not been taken - the Basar may nevertheless be eaten.
2. ... a Shochet does not take Matanos from the animal that he Shechts - he is placed in Niduy (Cherem) ...
(b)... even if he is a Kohen, whose own animals are Patur from Matanos.
(c)If a Kohen Shechts and sells animals in the market, one waits - two or three weeks to see whether he separates the Matanos.
(d)From then on - one takes the Matanos from him and gives them to other Kohanim.
(e)In the event that he opens his own butcher-shop - one takes the Matanos from him immediately, and if he resists, one places him in Niduy.
Mishnah 4
15)
(a)On what condition does the Mishnah ...
1. ... exempt a Ger who Shechts an animal from Matanos?
2. ... obligate him to give them to a Kohen?
(b)Based on which principle is he Patur, if he is not sure when he Shechted it?
15)
(a)The Mishnah ...
1. ... exempts a Ger who Shechs an animal from Matanos - if he Shechted it before his conversion.
2. ... obligates him to give them to a Kohen - if he Shechted it after the conversion.
(b)If he is not sure when he Shechted it, he is Patur - based on the principle 'ha'Motzi me'Chavero alav ha'Re'ayah' (See also Tosfos Yom Tov).
16)
(a)The Mishnah rules that "Zero'a" incorporates Perek shel Arkuvah and Kaf shel Yad. What is ...
1. ... Perek shel Arkuvah?
2. ... Kaf shel Yad?
(b)What is the significance of the knee-bone of a camel in this regard?
(c)Together with which part of the animal is the Zero'a generally sold?
(d)What do we learn from the word "ha'Zero'a" (in the Pasuk in Parshas Shoftim "ve'Nasan la'Kohen ha'Zero'a ... ")?
(e)From which Korban is the Zero'a also taken and given to the Kohen?
16)
(a)The Mishnah rules that "Zero'a" incorporates ...
1. ... Perek shel Arkuvah - the knee-bone and ...
2. ... Kaf shel Yad - the shoulder bone.
(b)The Perek shel Arkuvah of a Beheimah - ends at the point where the upper knee-bone of a camel is visible.
(c)The Zero'a is generally sold together with - the head.
(d)We learn from the word "ha'Zero'a" (in the Pasuk in Parshas Shoftim "ve'Nasan la'Kohen ha'Zero'a ... ") that - it is the right Zero'a (the one that is more Chashuv) that is given to the Kohen.
(e)The Zero'a is also taken - from the Shalmei Nazir and given to the Kohen.
17)
(a)From which leg is the Zero'a (of Matanos) taken?
(b)What is the corresponding limb from the hind legs of a Shelamim that one gives to the Kohen?
(c)According to Rebbi Yehudah, one gives the calf from the knee-bone up to the Sovech shel Regel. What is the Sovech shel Regel?
(d)What must one therefore give to the Kohen, according to him (See Tiferes Yisrael)?
(e)Like whom is the Halachah?
17)
(a)The Zero'a (of Matanos) is taken - from the right foreleg.
(b)The corresponding limb from the hind legs of a Shelamim that one gives to the Kohen is - the Shok (the calf).
(c)According to Rebbi Yehudah, one gives the calf from the knee-bone up to the 'Sovech shel Regel' - the Kulyas (the thigh-bone).
(d)According to Rebbi Yehudah, one must give - only the calf-bone (See Tosfos Yom Tov).
(e)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.
18)
(a)How does the Mishnah define 'Lechayayim'?
(b)What does this incorporate, according to the explanation that translates Pikah shel Gargeres as the opening of the Kaneh (which is synonymous with the Shipuy Kova (the slope of the thyroid cartilage).
(c)What is the alternative translation?
18)
(a)The Mishnah defines 'Lechayayim' as - from the (lower jaw) up to the 'Pikah' of the trachea.
(b)According to the explanation that translates Pikah shel Gargeres as the opening of the Kaneh (which is synonymous with the Shipuy Kova (the slope of the thyroid cartilage), this incorporates the lower jaw plus the tongue.
(c)The alternative translation of 'Pikah shel Gargeres' is - the large ring of the trachea that is round like a coil.
