[25a - 36 lines; 25b - 48 lines]
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We recommend using the textual changes suggested by the Bach and the marginal notes of the Vilna Shas. This section is devoted to any other important corrections that Acharonim have pointed out in the Gemara, Rashi and Tosfos.
[1] Rashi 25a DH v'Heichi Dami d'Akdeshah ã"ä åäéëé ãîé ãà÷ãùä:
The words "she'Yatz'u b'Yetzi'ah Gemurah" ùéöàå áéöéà âîåøä
should be "she'Yatz'u Shanah Gemurah" ùéöàå áùðä âîåøä (RASHASH, citing the Migdal Oz)
[2] Gemara 25b [line 22]:
"Mi Ma'amid Lah Sadeh, Ba'al...." îé îòîéã ìä ùãä áòì
It appears that the Girsa of the Rambam and Rabeinu Gershom was
"Mi Ma'amid Lah Ba'al Sadeh...." îé îòîéã ìä áòì ùãä
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1)[line 1]áàîöò éåáìB'EMTZA YOVEL- in the middle of a Yovel cycle. That is, during any of the years between two Yovel years, one must pay the full Sela and Pundyon for that year when redeeming a Sedeh Achuzah (see Background to Erchin 14:5), even if he is redeeming it in the middle of the year.
2)[line 13]æøò çåîø ùòåøéíZERA CHOMER SE'ORIM - the area in which a Chomer of barley seed can be sown (DRY MEASURES(
(a)The following is a list of measures of volume used in the Mishnah and Gemara:
1.1 Kor (= 1 Chomer) = 30 Se'in
2.1 Lesech = 15 Se'in
3.1 Eifah = 3 Se'in
4.1 Se'ah = 6 Kabin
5.1 Tarkav (= Trei v'Kav, or 3 Kabin) = 12 Lugin
6.1 Kav = 4 Lugin
7.1 Log (= 1 Rova) = 4 Revi'iyos = 6 Beitzim
8.1 Beitzah = 2 or 3 k'Zeisim, according to the varying opinions
(b)In modern-day measures, the k'Zayis is approximately 0.025, 0.0288 or 0.05 liters, depending upon the differing Halachic opinions. Thus, 1 Se'ah = 7.2, 8.29 or 14.4 liters, according to the various opinions. Therefore 1 Kor = 216, 248.9 or 432 liters, depending upon the differing Halachic opinions.
(c)The area that can be sown with one Se'ah is 2,500 square cubits, half the area of the enclosure of the Mishkan. Therefore the area that can be sown with a Chomer of grain is 75,000 square cubits, which is approximately equal to a square measuring 274 cubits to a side (approximately 168,750 square feet, or 3.87 acres).
3)[line 14]ð÷òéíNEKA'IM- ravines, cracks
4a)[line 19]îôåìú éãMAPOLES YAD- the area of land that can be sown by hand
b)[line 20]îôåìú ùååøéíMAPOLES SHEVARIM- the area of land that can be sown using oxen
5a)[line 20]îòáäME'UBEH- thickly, densely sown
b)[line 20]îéã÷MEIDAK- (O.F. cler) thinly sown
6)[line 26]ðâàðé ãàøòàNAGANEI D'AR'A- depressions of the land
7)[line 26]ùéãøé ãàøòàSHIDREI D'AR'A- spines of the land
25b----------------------------------------25b
8)[line 1]"àí ìà éâàì àú äùãä åàí îëø àú äùãä ìàéù àçø ìà éâàì òåã.""IM LO YIG'AL ES HA'SADEH, V'IM MACHAR ES HA'SADEH L'ISH ACHER, LO YIGA'EL OD."- "If he (the owner) does not redeem the field, or if he (the treasurer of Hekdesh) sells it to someone else, it can no longer be redeemed." (Vayikra 27:20)
9)[line 8]éòéãäYE'IDAH (YI'UD)
(a)A destitute father, under certain circumstances, may sell his daughter into servitude to a Jewish master as long as she is a minor. The sale is for a period of six years or until she becomes a Gedolah (when two pubic hairs grow after she enters her 12th year) or until the Yovel year (the year after seven Shemitah cycles), whichever comes first. During this period she is called an "Amah ha'Ivriyah."
(b)The Torah gives to the master of a Jewish maidservant the option of marrying her by first being Mekadesh her through a procedure called "Yi'ud." The Kidushin takes effect through the money that he initially gave to her father when he purchased her, as described in Kidushin (19a).
(c)If the master does not want to Mekadesh her with "Yi'ud," the Torah allows his son to Mekadesh her with "Yi'ud" (Vayikra 21:9). If neither the master nor the son wants to marry her, no one else may marry her until she is released from servitude.
10)[line 8]òáã òáøéEVED IVRI (EVED IVRI)
(a)See Background to Erchin 18:17.
(b)An Eved Ivri is obligated to work for his master for only six years (Shemos 21:2) or until the Yovel year, whichever comes first. If his master dies before the end of six years (or Yovel) arrives, then his son inherits the Eved Ivri with the rest of his father's estate. However, if the master has no sons, and his brother inherits his estate (Bamidbar 27:9), his brother does not inherit the Eved Ivri (Kidushin 17b), and the Eved goes free.
11)[line 21]îé îòîéã ìä ùãä?MI MA'AMID LAH SADEH?- (a) who is the one who may redeem the field for her before Yovel, her husband or her son? (RASHI); (b) does her husband [also] have the right to redeem the field for her? (RAMBAM)
12)[line 23]ðåèì áøàåé ëáîåçæ÷NOTEL B'RA'UY KEVE'MUCHZAK - [the son] inherits Ra'uy like he inherits Muchzak
When a son inherits property from his father, he inherits both the assets that are "Muchzak" and the assets that are "Ra'uy" (with the exception of the double-portion that a firstborn son inherits; see Background to Bava Basra 119:3). Assets in the possession of the father at the time of death are termed "Matzuy" (as mentioned in Devarim 21:17, "b'Chol Asher Yimatzei Lo" - "of everything in his possession (lit. that is found with him)"). Assets that will come into the possession of the estate after the father's death are termed "Ra'uy," i.e. "expected [to come into his possession]." Examples of assets that are Ra'uy include property that comes from one of the father's relatives (whom the father would have inherited) who dies after the father, and money owed to the father.
13)[line 40]øèåùéïRETUSHIN- abandoned
14)[last line]ëáùé òöøúKIVSEI ATZERES
The Torah commands to bring a Minchah offering on Shavu'os called the Shtei ha'Lechem (Vayikra 23:16-17) that consists of two loaves of bread that are Chametz, made from two Esronim of fine wheat flour (approximately equal to 4.32, 4.98 or 8.64 liters, depending upon the differing Halachic opinions). In conjunction with the Shtei ha'Lechem, various Korbenos Olah, a goat as a Korban Chatas and two sheep (the Kivsei Atzeres) that are Zivchei Shelamim are offered (ibid. 23:18-19). (These sheep were the only Shelamim brought by the Tzibur, and the only Shelamim that were Kodshei Kodashim.)