[31a - 38 lines; 31b - 54 lines]
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We recommend using the textual changes suggested by the Bach and the marginal notes of the Vilna Shas. This section is devoted to any other important corrections that Acharonim have pointed out in the Gemara, Rashi and Tosfos.
[1] Rashi 31a DH Shanah v'Iburah:
Should be corrected as suggested by Shitah Mekubetzes #4
[2] Gemara 31b [line 33]:
Should be corrected as suggested by Shitah Mekubetzes #6
[3] Gemara [line 48]:
"Lo Yetzei ba'Yovel" ìà éöà áéåáì
The Torah Or should read "Sham" ùí ("ibid.")
[4] Rashi 31b DH Shanah ã"ä ùðä:
The words "d'a'Mocher Rishon" ãàîåëø øàùåï
should be "d'a'Mecher Rishon" ãàîëø øàùåï
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1)[line 4]áúé òøé çåîäBATEI AREI CHOMAH
Batei Arei Chomah are houses from a city that was walled at the time of Yehoshua's conquest of Eretz Yisrael. If a person sold a house in one of the Arei Chomah, the Torah gives him the right to purchase it back within one year of selling it. If he does not buy it back during that time, it becomes the permanent ("Chalut") property of the buyer (Vayikra 25:29-30). (See Chart #4, sections 4a and 4b.)
2)[line 11]äéúä çìåèä ìåHAYESAH CHALUTAH LO- it would become his permanently
3)[line 12]ùðàîø "ìöîéúåú"SHE'NE'EMAR "LA'TZEMISUS"- for it says, "permanently" (Vayikra 25:30). This word proves that the house is sold forever to the buyer, even after the Yovel year arrives. It also teaches that a Matanah (gift) is like a Mecher (sale); see Gemara 31b.
4)[line 18]ùðú ùì îðéï òåìíSHNAS SHEL MINYAN OLAM- the year of the count of the [creation of the] world, which begins in Tishrei and ends in Elul
5)[line 28]ðåùäNOSHEH- he demanded the repayment of a loan
6)[line 29]åòùä ìå ùãäå îëøV'ASAH LO SADEHU MECHER- and he made his field the object of a sale. This refers to a case in which a borrower gave his field to the lender, stipulating that if he does not repay the loan, the lender will acquire the field (for the money of the loan) retroactively. (The word "Mocher" refers to the borrower, and "Loke'ach" refers to the lender, who is receiving the field.)
7)[line 36]öã àçã áøáéúTZAD ECHAD B'RIBIS - (lit. one side [of the transaction] involves interest)
(a)Rebbi Yehudah permits transactions which can have two possible outcomes and just one of those outcomes involve Ribis. He maintains that making a transaction that involves Ribis is prohibited only when the Ribis will definitely be given. In cases of "Tzad Echad b'Ribis," though, the presence of Ribis depends on the outcome of the transaction. The other Tana'im prohibit a transaction of "Tzad Echad b'Ribis."
(b)Regarding the prohibition of lending with interest, see Background to Sanhedrin 24:44.
(c)In the case of the Gemara here, when the original owner of a house in a walled city repurchases the house from the buyer (within a year of the original sale), he buys it back for the same amount for which he sold it. Consequently, the money that he received for the original sale will have been like a loan which the owner returned to the purchaser at the end of a year. However, the buyer will have used the house for free in return for giving the money to the original owner until he buys it back. This is only Tzad Echad b'Ribis, since, if the original owner does not repurchase the house, then no interest will have been given.
31b----------------------------------------31b
8)[line 4]ôùéèàPESHITA- it is obvious [that the son of the seller may redeem the field]! (There is no reason to assume that the seller's heir cannot redeem the field, because the verse does not say that "if he does not redeem it..." but rather it says, "if it is not redeemed... " (Vayikra 25:30).
9)[line 18]îä îëø ìå øàùåï ìùðé ëì æëåú ùúáà ìéãåMAH MACHAR RISHON LA'SHENI, KOL ZECHUS SHE'TAVO L'YADO- the seller transfers to the buyer any rights that the seller had.
10)[line 27]àðà ÷ãéí ùçéï ðåøà î÷îà ãéãêANA KADIM SHACHIN NURA MI'KAMA DIDACH- I heated up the house with a fire before you
11)[line 28]àú ðçéú ìòéáåøàAT NACHIS L'IBURA- you entered (purchased) the house during the extra month (the "Ibur" month — the first Adar)
12)[line 28]ùðé èìàéíSHNEI TELA'IM - two firstborn lambs [were born in his flock] (BECHOR)
See Background to Erchin 28:12.
13)[line 32]àðà ÷ãéí àëéì éøå÷à î÷îà ãéãêANA KADIM ACHIL YERUKA MIKAMA DIDACH- I [came before you and] was eating grass before you
14)[line 48]"ìà éöà áéåáì""LO YETZEI BA'YOVEL"- "... it will not go out at Yovel" (Vayikra 25:30) - The Gemara begins a new discussion by quoting this verse.
15)[line 51]äéä ðèîïHAYAH NITMAN- he would hide
16)[line 52]çåìùCHOLESH- cast, throw
17)[line 52]äìæHA'LAZ- this one