[38a - 35 lines; 38b - 48 lines]
1)[line 20]אבלAVAL- true! (I agree)
2)[line 25]שאם עירב ברגליוIM IREV B'RAGLAV- if he made an Eruv Techumin by going (lit. with his feet) to the place where he wants his Eruv to be and staying there until nightfall (without placing any food there)
3)[line 28]הא לאייHA LAI- indeed
4)[line 33]הכנהHACHANAH
(a)According to Rabah, the Torah decreed that all Shabbos and Yom Tov foods require preparation on a weekday, because of the special significance the Torah affords to what is eaten on Shabbos and Yom Tov. Therefore, a food which comes into existence on Shabbos or Yom Tov may not be eaten on that day. For example, an egg that is laid on a Shabbos that immediately precedes Yom Tov may not be eaten on Yom Tov (and similarly an egg that is laid on a Yom Tov that immediately precedes Shabbos may not be eaten on Shabbos), since it was not fit to be eaten on a weekday (RASHI Beitzah 2b). Alternatively, according to Rabah the Torah prohibits any object which came into the world on Shabbos and will first be able to be eaten not on Shabbos itself, but on the following day which is a Yom Tov (or vice versa, when a Yom Tov precedes a Shabbos). If the object is edible on the day that it comes into the world, though, there is no problem of Hachanah (ME'OR, Beitzah 2b, and TOSFOS and most other Rishonim).
(b)Food that is already in existence on a weekday but only becomes edible after Shabbos or Yom Tov begin (e.g. uncooked food that is cooked on Yom Tov) is not prohibited due to Hachanah. The decree of Hachanah only prohibits food that comes into existence on Shabbos (TOSFOS Beitzah 38a DH Mishum).
(c)The prohibition of Hachanah falls on foods that were prepared on Shabbos or Yom Tov, i.e. post facto after they had already been prepared (whether by man or naturally). However, it also includes a prohibition l'Chatchilah not to prepare, manually, food on Shabbos or Yom Tov for the following day. Not only is bringing something into existence for another day's use prohibited, but even any act of preparation for the next day is prohibited. Therefore, if Eruvei Techumin take effect at the end of Yom Tov, it would be prohibited to make an Eruv Techumin on Yom Tov for Shabbos, when Yom Tov immediately precedes Shabbos. However, to prepare for that day itself is permitted, just like it is permitted to cook and slaughter animals on Yom Tov for that day itself (Eruvin 38b-39a). (Even Rashi, above (a), seems to agree to this point; there are two separate, unrelated prohibitions included in "Hachanah." However, see Chidushei ha'Me'iri Beitzah 2b for another interpretation of the Gemara on 38b according to Rashi.)
38b----------------------------------------38b
5)[line 1]חמר גמלCHAMAR GAMAL- (lit. a donkey-driver and a camel-driver) This is a metaphor for this person's predicament, meaning: (a) Someone who drives a donkey that is in front of him and leads a camel that is behind him at the same time, must look in both directions simultaneously, making it difficult to get anywhere (RASHI); or (b) A donkey is normally driven from behind and a camel is normally led from the front. If a person switches their positions, both animals will not move according to his will, and he will not get very far (RABEINU CHANANEL). Similarly, a person who is in doubt as to whether his Eruv is valid is only permitted to walk the 2000 Amos between his city and his Eruv. He may not walk beyond his Eruv lest it is invalid and he is only allowed 2000 Amos from his city. Likewise, he may not walk outside of his city in the direction opposite his Eruv, since it may be valid, and if so, he is only allowed an extra 2000 Amos from his Eruv, and he looses the 2000 Amos outside of his city in the direction opposite his Eruv.
6)[line 8]סתימתאהSETIMTA'AH- the unnamed authority; i.e. many Mishnayos follow the opinion of Rebbi Yosi bar Yehudah without quoting his name
7)[line 9]ומפיקU'MAPIK- and remove
8)[line 14]רב גמרא גמיר להRAV GEMARA GAMIR LAH- Rav learned it from his teacher (that these four Zekenim rule like Rebbi Eliezer)
9)[line 16]למירמאL'MIRMA- to ask a contradiction
10)[line 20]"והיה ביום הששי והכינו [את אשר יביאו]""V'HAYAH BA'YOM HA'SHISHI, V'HECHINU [ES ASHER YAVI'U]"- "On Friday, they will prepare [the Manna that they bring home]" (Shemos 16:5)
11)[line 26]מי סברת סוף היום קונה עירוב? תחלת היום קונה עירובMI SAVRAS SOF HA'YOM KONEH ERUV!? TECHILAS HA'YOM KONEH ERUV (TECHUMIN: SOF HA'YOM KONEH ERUV)
(a)A person is only allowed to walk a distance of 2000 Amos, approximately 960 meters (3147 feet) or 1,152 meters (3774 feet), depending upon the differing Halachic opinions, from his city or dwelling place (if he is not in a city) on Shabbos or Yom Tov. If he wants to walk another 2000 Amos, he must make an Eruv Techumin.
(b)This is accomplished by placing an amount of food that would be used for two meals nearly 2000 Amos away from his present location, in the direction in which he wishes to walk. The location where his food is placed is considered his new dwelling or place of Shevisah for that Shabbos or Yom Tov, and he may walk 2000 Amos in any direction from there.
(c)Kinyan Shevisah ("taking possession" of the place of Shevisah) takes place at a certain specific point in time at the beginning of Shabbos. The Amora'im disagree as to whether it takes places at the last moment of Erev Shabbos or the first moment of Shabbos. According to both opinions, this moment occurs during Bein ha'Shemashos, which includes the moment during which Erev Shabbos ends and Shabbos begins.
12)[line 28]בלגיןLAGIN- a wooden pitcher which is Tevul Yom (see Background to Eruvin 36:4) that contains produce which is Tevel, that will become Terumas Ma'aser as soon as it gets dark. If the Eruv also takes effect after dark (at the beginning of Shabbos), why does the Mishnah (Tevul Yom 4:4, cited above on Daf 36a) state that the Eruv is invalid?
13)[line 36]דאמר רב יהודה עירב ברגליוAMAR RAV YEHUDAH IREV B'RAGLAV- that is, Rav Yehudah said, citing Rebbi (of the Beraisa on bottom of the previous Amud) - TOSFOS DH k'Man
14)[line 41]חפצי הפקר קונין שביתהCHEFTZEI HEFKER KONIN SHEVISAH (TECHUMIN: CHEFTZEI HEFKER)
(a)A person is only allowed to walk a distance of 2000 Amos, approximately 960 meters (3147 feet) or 1,152 meters (3774 feet), depending upon the differing Halachic opinions, from his city or dwelling place (if he is not in a city) on Shabbos or Yom Tov. If he wants to walk another 2000 Amos, he must make an Eruv Techumin.
(b)This is accomplished by placing an amount of food that would be used for two meals nearly 2000 Amos away from his present location, in the direction in which he wishes to walk. The location where his food is placed is considered his new dwelling or place of Shevisah for that Shabbos or Yom Tov, and he may walk 2000 Amos in any direction from there. In addition to people, objects also acquire a place of Shevisah, preventing them from being removed 2000 Amos from their Makom Shevisah on Shabbos or Yom Tov. Objects that have owners receive the Techum of their owners.
(c)The Tana'im argue as to whether ownerless objects acquire a Makom Shevisah, preventing them from being removed 2000 Amos from their Makom Shevisah on Shabbos or Yom Tov, or not. If they do not acquire a Makom Shevisah, their Techum is like the Techum of the person who takes possession of them on Shabbos.