[45a - 49 lines; 44b - 46 lines]
1)[line 6]ומדרבי אליעזר קמותבת ליה למר?U'MID'REBBI ELIEZER KA'MOSVAS LEI L'MAR?- Do you contest Rabah's opinion by quoting the opinion of Rebbi Eliezer? The Chachamim argue with him!
2)[line 12]שחוזרין בכלי זיין למקומןSHE'CHOZRIN BI'CHLEI ZAYIN L'MEKOMAN- they may return with their weapons to their city
3)[line 14]לא היו זזין משםLO HAYU ZAZIN MI'SHAM (EDUS HA'CHODESH)
(a)The Hebrew calendar month which determines the Jewish holidays begins with each new revolution of the moon, at the point after it wanes completely and begins to wax anew.
(b)When the Sanhedrin of the Lishkas ha'Gazis (the Jewish "supreme court") convened in Eretz Yisrael, the new month was fixed and sanctified according to the testimony of witnesses. A person who sees the moon (as it begins to grow and is just visible) would travel to the Sanhedrin, or to a Beis Din appointed by the Sanhedrin, to testify. The place where the Beis Din convened to accept testimony was known as the Beis ha'Va'ad. The testimonies were examined there, and when Beis Din was convinced of the witnesses' accuracy, they announced the beginning of the new month.
(c)Today, mathematical calculations are used to determine the beginning of the new month. According to RAMBAM (Hilchos Kidush ha'Chodesh 5:2) it is a Halachah l'Moshe mi'Sinai to determine the beginning of the month mathematically when there is no Sanhedrin, and through testimony when there is one.
4)[line 16]חכמהCHACHAMAH- a midwife
5)[line 17]המפולתMAPOLES- a cave-in
6)[line 24]שנצחו ישראלSHE'NITZCHU YISRAEL- when the Jews were victorious
7)[line 25]שצרוSHE'TZARU- who made a siege
8)[line 29]לספרSEFAR- the border
9)[line 31]ותרגומאTARGUMA- he explained that this refers to Neharde'a (see Insights)
10)[line 32]"ויגידו לדוד לאמר...""VA'YAGIDU L'DAVID LEIMOR..."- "Then they told David, 'Behold! The Pelishtim are fighting against Ke'ilah and are plundering the threshing floors!'" (Shmuel I 23:1)
11)[line 35]"וישאל דוד בה' לאמר האלך והכיתי בפלשתים האלה? ויאמר ה' אל דוד לך והכית בפלשתים והושעת את קעילה""VA'YISH'AL DAVID BA'HASH-M, 'HA'ELECH V'HIKEISI BA'PELISHTIM HA'EILEH?' VA'YOMER HASH-M EL DAVID, 'LECH V'HOSHATA ES KE'ILAH.'" - "So David asked HaSh-m (via the Urim v'Tumim), 'Shall I go and smite these Pelishtim?' And HaSh-m said to David, 'Go and save Ke'ilah.'" (Shmuel I 23:2) (DAVID SAVES KE'ILAH FROM THE PELISHTIM)
(a)This episode took place immediately after Shaul killed all the inhabitants of Nov, the city of Kohanim, except for Evyasar, son of Achimelech, the Kohen Gadol who escaped and joined David as a fugitive fleeing from Shaul.
(b)His men were initially afraid to attack the Pelishtim, but when David consulted the Urim v'Tumim a second time and was given authorization to attack and an assurance that he would be victorious, they willingly joined him. Indeed, they soundly defeated the Pelishtim, capturing their sheep and cattle in the process.
(c)Unfortunately, however, despite having been rescued by David, the men of Ke'ilah betrayed him and informed Shaul of his whereabouts.
(d)Once again, David consulted the Urim v'Tumim, and after HaSh-m informed him that Shaul was pursuing him and that the men of Ke'ilah were willing to deliver him into Shaul's hands, he took his 600 men and escaped.
12)[line 38]מצלחMATZLACH- he will succeed
45b----------------------------------------45b
13)[line 10]חפצי הפקר קונין שביתהCHEFTZEI HEFKER KONIN SHEVISAH
(a)A person is only allowed to walk a distance of 2000 Amos, approximately 960 meters (3147 feet) or 1,152 meters (3774 feet), depending upon the differing Halachic opinions, from his city or dwelling place (if he is not in a city) on Shabbos or Yom Tov. If he wants to walk another 2000 Amos, he must make an Eruv Techumin.
(b)This is accomplished by placing an amount of food that would be used for two meals nearly 2000 Amos away from his present location, in the direction in which he wishes to walk. The location where his food is placed is considered his new dwelling or place of Shevisah for that Shabbos or Yom Tov, and he may walk 2000 Amos in any direction from there. In addition to people, objects also acquire a place of Shevisah, preventing them from being removed 2000 Amos from their Makom Shevisah on Shabbos or Yom Tov. Objects that have owners receive the Techum of their owners.
(c)The Tana'im argue as to whether ownerless objects acquire a Makom Shevisah, preventing them from being removed 2000 Amos from their Makom Shevisah on Shabbos or Yom Tov, or not. If they do not acquire a Makom Shevisah, their Techum is like the Techum of the person who takes possession of them on Shabbos.
14)[line 38]אוקיינוסOKIYANUS- the ocean
15)[line 41]שנתקשרוSHE'NISKASHRU- that formed
16)[last line]ומיא בעיבא מיבלע בליעיMAYA B'EIVA MIVLA BELI'EI- and water is absorbed in the clouds (Chazal consider something that is absorbed in another object as non-existent)