1)

(a)When placing an Eiruv Techumin, one says 'Harei Zeh le'Chol B'nei Iri!'. What does one add to that?

(b)On what condition is any resident permitted to rely ...

1. ... on this?

2. ... on it even if he did not make the decision to do so before nightfall?

2)

(a)The minimum Shi'ur of an Eiruv T'chumin is - two meals per person (See Tiferes Yisrael) ...

(b)... since, having made this one's residence, one needs to place there as much food as one will need over Shabbos (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

(c)According to Rebbi Meir, the two meals refer to weekday meals; whereas according to Rebbi Yehudah - it refers to Shabbos meals.

(d)The Mishnah explains that each Tana comes to be lenient ...

1. ... Rebbi Meir - inasmuch as a Shabbos meal is generally more tasty, so one eats more.

2. ... Rebbi Yehudah - in that one eats less on Shabbos, which requires three meals instead of the regular two.

3)

(a)'Rebbi Yochanan ben Berokah Omer, mi'Kikar b'Pundiyon m'Arba Sa'in b'Sela' (a loaf which costs a Pundiyon, when four Sa'in of wheat costs a Sela [See Tos. Yom-Tov]). There are ...

1. ... forty-eight Pundiyonim in a Sela and ...

2. ... six Kabin in a Sa'ah.

(b)If a loaf made of four Sa'ah costs one Sela - then a loaf of half a Kav is worth a Pundiyon ...

(c)... though the purchaser will receive only a quarter of a Kav - because the baker takes half of that (a quarter of a Kav) to cover the baking and grinding expenses.

(d)The number of k'Beitzim that comprise ...

1. ... a Kav is - twenty-four

2. ... a quarter of a Kav is - six (which is the equivalent of two meals).

4)

(a)According to Rebbi Shimon, two thirds of a loaf, when there are three loaves in a Kav, will suffice. A Kav of bread provides nine meals.

(b)There are eight k'Beitzim in a Kav.

(c)Five k'Beitzim plus - comprise two-thirds of a loaf (i.e. sufficient for two meals).

(d)It transpires - that the Shi'ur of two meals according to Rebbi Yochanan ben Berokah is six k'Beitzim, according to Rebbi Shimon, five plus.

(e)The Halachah is - like Rebbi Yochanan ben Berokah (See Tos. Yom-Tov and Tiferes Yisrael).

5)

(a)The Tana continues 'Chetzyah le'Beis ha'Menuga, va'Chatzi Chetzyah li'Fesol es ha'Geviyah', which goes - according to both Rebbi Yochanan ben Berokah and Rebbi Shimon.

(b)The meaning of 'Chetzyah le'Beis ha'Menuga' is - that, although someone who enters a house that is stricken with Tzara'as because Tamei as soon as he enters the room, the clothes that he is wearing only become Tamei if he remains in the room for the amount of time that it would take to eat half of that (according to each Tana respectively).

(c)According to Rebbi ...

1. ... Rebbi Yochanan ben Berokah - this amounts to three k'Beitzim, whereas according to ...

2. ... Rebbi Shimon - it amounts to four.

(d)To reconcile Rebbi Shimon in this ruling (which is based on the premise that there are no more than two meals in a standard loaf), with his ruling concerning Eiruv, where he said that there are three - we point out that in the opinion of Rebbi Shimon, the Chachamim were specifically lenient with regard to Eiruv.

(e)The Gemara refers to this Shi'ur throughout Shas as a 'P'ras'.

6)

(a)'va'Chatzi Chetzyah li'Fesol es ha'Geviyah' means - half of the previous amount (one and a half k'Beitzim according to Rebbi Yochanan ben Berokah and two, according to Rebbi Shimon) of Tamei food render the person who eats it Tamei mi'de'Rabanan ...

(b)... forbidding him to eat Terumah (though he does not transmit Tum'ah further).

7)

(a)A Marpeset is a balcony on to which doors of an upper floor open.

(b)One gets from the Marpeset to the Chatzer - by means of a single ladder that leads from the top floor down to the Chatzer.

(c)They forgot - to make a joint Eiruv.

8)

(a)What does the Tana rules concerning carrying in areas that are neither intrinsically part of the Chatzer nor part of the Marpeset, if they are ...

1. ... ten Tefachim high or more - they belong to the Marpeset (and one may carry from one to the other).

2. ... less than ten Tefachim - they belong to the Chatzer as well (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

(b)An example of the earlier case is - where there is a mound of earth or a pillar in the Chatzer.

(c)The reason for it is - because it is convenient for the residents of the Chatzer to use them (but not for the residents of the Chatzer).

(d)They do not forbid each other to carry, like the residents of two Chatzeros who forgot to make a joint Eiruv - because they are on two different levels (See Tiferes Yisrael).

9)

(a)The Mishnah permits them to carry in their own respective domains - on the assumption that they each made an independent Eiruv.

(b)Even if the mound of earth or the pillar is higher than ten Tefachim, the residents of the Marpeset will not be permitted to carry to and from the Marpeset - if they are ten Tefachim higher than it (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

10)

(a)The Tana also rules that the Chulyas ha'Bor - (walls that rise above a pit in the Chatzer) and a rock (See Tos. Yom-Tov) belong to the Marpeset, provided they are ten Tefachim high and close to the Marpeset.

(b)The former belongs to the Marpeset - provided the pit if filled to the very top with things that are Muktzah on Shabbos (in which case it is similar to the rock).

(c)If the pit is either not full or full of articles that one is permitted to remove on Shabbos - then, seeing as they did not make a joint Eiruv, neither is allowed to use it.

11)

(a)If the Chulyas ha'Bor or the rock are less than ten Tefachim high or distant from the Marpeset - then it belongs to the Chatzer as well, in which case neither is permitted to carry to or from it, seeing as they did not make a joint Eiruv.

(b)The Mishnah considers - four Tefachim or more, distant.

(c)The reason for this ruling is - because it is no longer convenient for the residents of the Marpeset to use than it is for those of the Chatzer.

12)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses someone who places his Eiruv in a Beis-Sha'ar, Achsadra or a Marpeset, or in a storeroom for straw or wood, or in a stable. The definition of ...

1. ... a 'Beis-Sha'ar' is - a guard-house between the street and the Chatzer.

2. ... an 'Achsadra' is - a sun-porch with walls that reach only part of the ey up to the ceiling.

(b)The Tana now rules that an Eiruv that is placed in ...

1. ... a Beis-Sha'ar, Achsadra or Marpeset (See Tos. Yom-Tov) - is not valid.

2. ... in a storeroom for straw or wood, or in a stable - is valid.

(c)He is talking about an Eiruv - Chatzeros (See Tiferes Yisrael).

(d)The other distinction he draws between the two sets of locations is - that someone who resides in the former does not forbid the other residents to carry, whereas someone who resides in the latter (without participating in the Eiruv) does.

13)

(a)The guard in the Beis-Sha'ar does not forbid the residents of the Chatzer to carry in the Chatzer (even though he does not participate in the Eiruv - because, due to the flimsy nature of the hut, it does not fall under the category of residence.

(b)On the other hand, if the owner of a storeroom for straw ... lends it out to someone, the borrower forbid them to carry unless he participates in the Eiruv - because (it is considered residence, and because) it leads out to the Chatzer.

14)

(a)When Rebbi Yehudah states that if the owner has a 'T'fisas Yad' in the storeroom then he does not forbid him (Alav) to carry, he means - that he uses the storeroom to deposit some of his personal belongings.

(b)It is the borrower who does not forbid the owner.

15)

(a)Based on the word 'Alav' (in the singular) at the end of the Mishnah, this leniency will not apply - if there are other residents living in the Chatzer besides the owner of the storeroom

(b)Neither will it not apply, even if the two men are the sole residents in the Chatzer, if the articles that the owner is storing there are not Muktzah ...

(c)... since then the borrower may come to throw them out into the courtyard (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

(d)The Halachah is - like Rebbi Yehudah.

16)

(a)Rebbi Meir rules that if a resident leaves the Chatzer on Erev Shabbos to spend Shabbos in another town - he forbids all the other residents of the Chatzer to carry ...

(b)... because the resident of the vacant has not participated in the Eiruv.

(c)This ruling is based on the principle that - a residence without residents is still called a residence.

(d)Rebbi Yehudah disagrees - because he maintains that a residence without residents is not called a residence.

17)

(a)Rebbi Meir and Rebbi Yehudah draw no distinction as to whether the resident in question is a Yisrael or a Nochri. Rebbi Yossi holds - that a Nochri forbids, a Yisrael a does not.

(b)In principle he concurs with Rebbi Yehudah ...

(c)... and the reason that a Nochri forbids the other residents is - because we are afraid that he will return on Shabbos ...

(d)... which a Yisrael cannot do because the Mishnah is speaking where he went to another town for Shabbos.

18)

(a)Rebbi Shimon rules that even if the resident went to stay with his daughter in the same town - he does not forbid the other residents to carry ...

(b)... because once he goes there - he relinquishes any interest in returning home for Shabbos.

(c)Specifically with his daughter, but not with his son - since it is is not uncommon for a person to fall out with his daughter-in-law, in which case, he is likely to change his mind and return home in the middle of Shabbos.

(d)The Halachah is - like Rebbi Shimon.

19)

(a)The residents of two Chatzeros (who did not make a joint Eiruv) are forbidden to draw water from a water-pit that divides them - because the water on each side beings to the residents of that side, and since the water mixes, it transpires that each one is drawing from the other one's water.

(b)The Mishnah permits it - provided they make a Mechitzah of ten Tefachim in the middle.

(c)The Mechitzah may be placed either on top (See Tos. Yom-Tov), below or 'mi'Toch Agno'. When the Tana says ...

1. ... 'on top', he means - that it is above the water, as long as one Tefach is actually in the water.

2. ... 'below', he means - that it is actually in the water, as long as one Tefach protrudes above the surface.

3. ... 'mi'Toch Agno', he means that it is entirely suspended above the water, provided it is entirely within the walls of the pit.

(d)The residents may now draw water from the pit, based on the principle - 'Gud Acheis Mechitzasah' (One considers the wall as if it extended to the floor of the pit).

(e)Despite the fact that we do not generally apply it elsewhere (to a wall that does not reach within three Tefachim of the ground) they apply it here - since it is 'a Kula that they instituted regarding water'.

20)

(a)According to Raban Shimon ben Gamliel, Beis Shamai requires the Mechitzah to be 'below'; whereas Beis Hillel hod - that it must be on top.

(b)Rebbi Yehudah is more lenient than the Tana Kama and Raban Shimon ben Gamliel inasmuch as - he permits even a Mechitzah that is suspended entirely above the walls of the pit ...

(c)... because, he argues, it should not be worse than a wall that divides a Chatzer, and that runs across a pit, that is considered a Mechitzah, even though it is suspended entirely above the pit.

(d)The Halachah is - not like Rebbi Yehudah.

21)

(a)The Tana Kama permits the residents of a Chatzer to draw water from a stream that runs through their Chatzer - provided they build two Mechitzos, one by the entrance and one by the exit ...

(b)... because the stream has the Din of a Karm'lis (See Tos. Yom-Tov [from which one is not permitted to carry into a R'shus ha'Yachid]).

(c)These Mechitzos - may not protrude above the banks of the stream (as we learned in the previous Mishnah [See Tos. Yom-Tov]).

(d)One needs a Mechitzah both by the entrance and by the exit - because otherwise, seeing as the other end is joined to the water beyond the Chatzer, it will remain a Karm'lis.

22)

(a)Rebbi Yehudah maintains - that a wall above the stream (at either end) will suffice (See also Tos. Yom-Tov & Tiferes Yisrael).

(b)He tries to prove his point from the stream in Aveil - which had one such walls at either end, and they drank from it with the sanction of the elders.

(c)The Chachamim countered his proof however - inasmuch as the stream, they claimed was less than a Shi'ur Karm'lis (i.e. it was either less than ten Tefachim deep or less then four Tefachim wide.

(d)The Halachah here too is - like the Tana Kama.

23)

(a)The Mishnah discusses a Gezuzt'ra - (a ledge that juts out from a wall) that is above a gathering of water.

(b)Assuming that there is a hole of four by four Tefachim in the middle, one is permitted to draw water from it on Shabbos - provided they build four walls that are joined to the ledge, either around the perimeter or around the hole.

(c)The Mechitzos may be placed - either above the ledge or below it.

(d)The Rambam interpret 'below' - as below the hole, just above the water.

(e)This ruling is based on the principle - 'Gud Aseik Mehitzasah' (Extend the wall upwards as if it has reached the ceiling (in this case, the section of ledge surrounding the hole).

24)

(a)If there are two ledges one on top of the other - the Tana requires two sets of Mechitzos, one for each ledge

(b)The two holes must then be placed - one directly above the other.

(c)In a case where they did not make a combined Eiruv, but where they both made a Mechitzah for ...

1. ... the top one only, even the owner of the top one is forbidden to draw water - because since the owner of the bottom one is a partner in the Mechitzah, since he is not permitted to carry, he forbids the top one to carry, too.

2. ... the bottom one only, even the owner of the bottom one forbidden to do so - seeing as the top one needs to cme on to the bottom one (during the week), since he himself, for lack of an Eiruv, is forbidden to carry on Shabbos, he also forbids the bottom one to carry.

(d)If they both built Mechitzos, but did not make a joint Eiruv - then they are both permitted to draw water (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

25)

(a)The Mishnah forbids pouring waste from the house into a Chatzer - that is less than four Amos long ...

(b)... because whereas the waste that one pours into a Chatzer that is four Amos long becomes absorbed in the ground, whereas if it is less, the water will flow into the street (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

26)

(a)The Tana permits pouring waste into the Chatzer even if it is less than four Amos long, as long as the owner digs a pit in the Chatzer that holds two Sa'ah (See Tos. Yom-Tov) 'mi'Tachas le'Nekev' - (below the surface of the hole that would otherwise carries the waste out into the street) ...

(b)... to prevent the waste from flowing directly into the street via the hole.

(c)Two Sa'ah - is the assessed amount of water that a person generally uses daily.

(d)When the Tana says 'bein mi'Bachutz bein mi'Bifenim' - he means that it makes no difference whether the pit is inside the Chatzer or outside (adjoining the Chatzer).

(e)If the pit is outside the Chatzer - the owner is also obligated to cover it (in order to separate it from the R'shus ha'Rabim).

27)

(a)Rebbi Eliezer ben Ya'akov permits pouring waste into a 'Bib' - (a ditch that is meant to transport the waste from the Chatzer to the street) in the Chatzer that leads four Amos into the street ...

(b)... provided one covers it up to four Amos ...

(c)... because up to four Amos, the waste from the Chatzer will probably become absorbed in the ground (as we just learned [See Tos. Yom-Tov]).

28)

(a)The Chachamim forbid it even if the roof or the Chatzer onto which one pours is a hundred Amos long ...

(b)... (i.e. and one pours the water out at the far end, from where it flows into the ditch ...

(c)... because since the waste flows directly into the ditch, people who see it will suspect the owner of having actually poured it into the street himself.

(d)They too permit it - on condition that one pours it onto one roof from where it flows on to another roof before flowing into the ditch.

(e)The Halachah is like the Chachamim.

29)

(a)When the Tana concludes that a Chatzer and an Achsadra combine to make up four Amos - he is referring to the initial Halachah (in Mishnah 9) that forbids pouring waste into a Chatzer that is less than four Amos long without first digging a pit.

30)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses two D'yuta'os - (attics [See Tiferes Yisrael]) facing each other across a Chatzer that is less than four Amos in length.

(b)The Tana rules in a case where the residents of the one D'yuta made an Uka, whilst the residents of the other one did not (and where they did not make a joint Eiruv) - that those that made it may draw water from it, whereas those who did not may not.

(c)The latter are not permitted to pour waste into the Uka which the former made - because if they were, we are afraid that they would carry the waste in buckets into the Chatzer to pour into the pit directly (See Tos. Yom-Tov) ...

(d)... which they are not allowed to do, seeing as they did not make a joint Eiruv.