Mishnah 1
1)
(a)On what condition does Rebbi Meir declare all roofs one domain?
(b)On what grounds is he stringent when they are not?
(c)What are the ramifications of the Din when they are?
(d)What is the reason for this leniency? Why does each rooftop not fix its location together with the house to which it belongs?
(e)What do the Chachamim say?
1)
(a)Rebbi Meir declares all roofs one domain - provided one roof is not ten Tefachim higher or lower than the other one.
(b)The reason that he is stringent when they are not is - due to a decree in case one comes to place an object from the R'shus-ha'Rabim on to a pile that measures ten Tefachim high and four Tefachim by four Tefachim in area (which is a R'shus ha'Yachid).
(c)Consequently, one is permitted to carry vessels that 'rested' on one rooftop when Shabbos enters, to another.
(d)The reason each rooftop does not fix its location together with the house to which it belongs is - because it is not Chashuv (since it is not regularly used).
(e)According to the Chachamim - unless the owners of the roofs make a joint Eiruv, each one belongs to the house which it tops (and one cannot therefore carry from one to the other).
2)
(a)Rebbi Shimon is more lenient than the Tana Kama. What does he say about roofs and courtyards?
(b)He includes Karpeifos in this list. What are 'Karpeifos'?
(c)On what condition does he include them in the Heter?
(d)What is Rebbi Shimon's reason? What do all three have in common?
2)
(a)Rebbi Shimon, who is more lenient than the Tana Kama - even going so far as to declare all roofs and courtyards one domain (See Tos. Yom-Tov) ...
(b)... including Karpeifos - (enclosures).
(c)He includes them in the Heter - provided they measure less than two Sa'ah (See Tos. Yom-Tov),
(d)Rebbi Shimon's reason is - because they are all not Chashuv (as we explained according to Rebbi Meir).
3)
(a)What does Rebbi Shimon also say about carrying objects that 'rested' on one roof to another roof that is ten Tefachim higher or lower than it?
(b)Why is that?
(c)What will does he hold regarding objects that one carries from the house into the Chatzer (whose residents made their own Eiruv Chatzeros) vis-a-vis the previous ruling?
(d)Like whom is the Halachah?
3)
(a)Rebbi Shimon also - permits carrying objects that 'rested' on one roof to another roof that is ten Tefachim higher or lower than it ...
(b)... because he confines the Din of Eiruv Chatzeros to Keilim that rested in the house (but it does apply to Keilim that rested in the Chatzer).
(c)Like Rebbi Meir, Rebbi Shimon forbids objects that one carries from the house into the Chatzer (whose residents made their own Eiruv Chatzeros) - to be carried from one to the other (See Tos. Yom-Tov) unless they made a joint Eiruv.
(d)The Halachah is - like Rebbi Shimon.
Mishnah 2
4)
(a)If a large roof leads on to a small one, the Mishnah is lenient with the owner of the large roof (See Tos. Yom-Tov). What does he allow him to do?
(b)On what grounds is the Mishnah ...
1. ... lenient with the owner of the large roof? Why does his neighbor not forbid him to transport Keilim from his house to the roof?
2. ... strict with the owner of the small roof?
(c)On what condition will even ...
1. ... the former be forbidden to carry his Keilim on to the roof?
2. ... the latter be permitted to do so?
4)
(a)If a large roof leads on to a small one, the Mishnah is lenient with the owner of the large roof (See Tos. Yom-Tov) - allowing him to transport Keilim from his house to the roof without making an Eiruv with his neighbor (See Tos. Yom-Tov).
(b)The Mishnah is ...
1. ... lenient with the owner of the large roof (i.e. his neightbor does not render this Asur) - because the gap in the fence around his roof which opens on to the large roof has the Din of Pesach (an entrance.
2. ... strict with the owner of the small roof - since it is completely open to the large roof.
(c)The ...
1. ... former will be forbidden to carry his Keilim on to the roof however - in the event that the opening measures more than ten Amos (which has the Din of a breach, and is not considered a Pesach).
2. ... latter, on the other hand, wil be permitted to do so - if the breach occurred only on Shabbos (as will be explained later).
5)
(a)In a case where the dividing wall between a Chatzer and a R'shus ha'Rabim breaks (See Tos. Yom-Tov), Rebbi Eliezer declares Chayav whoever carries from it into a R'shus ha'Yachid or from a R'shus ha'Yachid into it. What size breach is he talking about?
(b)What do the Chachamim say?
(c)What is the basis of their Machlokes?
(d)Like whom is the Halachah?
5)
(a)In a case where the dividing wall between a Chatzer and a R'shus ha'Rabim breaks (See Tos. Yom-Tov), Rebbi Eliezer declares Chayav whoever carries from it into a R'shus ha'Yachid or from a R'shus ha'Yachid into it. He is talking about breach - of more than ten Amos (as we just explained).
(b)The Chachamim say - that if he carries from it into the R'shus ha'Rabim or from the R'shus ha'Rabim into it (See Tos. Yom-Tov) he is Patur Aval Asur ...
(c)... because whereas Rebbi Eliezer considers a domain with only three walls a R'shus ha'Rabim, they consider it a Karm'lis.
(d)The Halachah is - like the Chachamim.
Mishnah 3
6)
(a)What does Rebbi Yehudah mean when he talks about a Chatzer or a house which 'is breached into the street on two sides'?
(b)What distinction does he draw between the same Shabbos (the day it was breached) and the following one?
(c)What is the reason for the former ruling?
(d)What will be the Din, in the latter ruling, if the breach measures less than ten Amos?
(e)Why is that?
6)
(a)When Rebbi Yehudah talks about a Chatzer or a house which 'is breached into the street on two sides', he means - that it is breached in the corner, so that part of two adjacent walls are missing.
(b)Should this happen on Shabbos - he permits carrying on that day, but forbids it on subsequent Shabbasos.
(c)The reason for the former ruling is - that since part of the day was already permitted, the rest of the day remains permitted too.
(d)The latter ruling applies - even if the breach measures less than ten Amos ...
(e)... because, since people do not tend to make their entrances in the corner, any breach there does not have the Din of a Pesach.
7)
(a)On what condition does Rebbi Yehudah permit carrying from the breached house even on the following Shabbos?
(b)Why is that?
7)
(a)Rebbi Yehudah permits carrying from the breached house even on the following Shabbos however - if the ceiling remains intact (See Tos-Yom-Tov) ...
(b)... because (assuming that it protrudes at an angle of ninety degrees), he applies the principle 'Pi Tikra Yoreis ve'Soseim' (the tip of the ceiling descends and blocks the gap).
8)
(a)What does Rebbi Yehudah say about a Mavoy whose beams of Lechi is breached 'on two sides'?
(b)What does Rebbi Yossi say?
(c)What are the ramifications of his statement?
(d)In which case (in Hilchos Eruvin) does Rebbi Yossi concede to the principle of 'Hutrah le'Miktzas Shabbos, Hutrah Kulah'?
(e)Like whom is the Halachah?
8)
(a)Rebbi Yehudah say - lists a Mavoy whose beams or posts (See Tos. Yom-Tov) are breached 'on two sides' together with a Chatzer and a house.
(b)Rebbi Yossi states - that if they are permitted on the same Shabbos, they are permitted on the following Shabbos, and if they are forbidden on the following Shabbos, they are forbidden on the same Shabbos as well.
(c)In other words - there is no distinction between the same day and subsequent Shabbosos. Both are forbidden (See Tos. Yom-Tov)!
(d)Rebbi Yossi concedes to the principle of 'Hutrah le'Miktzas Shabbos, Hutrah Kulah' - in a case where the P'sul is on account of the Eiruv Chatzeros (but not where it is due to a P'sul in the Mechitos [See Tos. Yom-Tov]).
(e)The Halachah is - like Rebbi Yossi.
Mishnah 4
9)
(a)What does the Mishnah mean when it refers to someone who builds an attic above two houses? Where are the houses situated?
(b)What does Rebbi Yehudah say about this and about a bridge that is open to the street on two opposite sides?
(c)What is his reason?
(d)Why do the Chachamim forbid it (See Tiferes Yisrael)?
9)
(a)When the Mishnah refers to someone who builds an attic above two houses, he means - that it runs from a house on one side to the street to the house on the opposite side.
(b)Rebbi Yehudah - permits one to carry underneath it as well as underneath a bridge that is open to the street on two opposite sides.
(c)The reason for this is - because he holds 'Pi Tikrah Yores ve'Sosem even on two sides of a R'shus ha'Rabim (See Tos. Yom-Tov).
(d)The Chachamim forbid it - because they hold that a R'chus ha'Yachid must have at least three sides (Halachah le'Moshe mi'Sinai).
10)
(a)What does Rebbi Yehudah say furthermore about a Mavoy that is open at both ends?
(b)What is his reason?
(c)What do the Chachamim say?
(d)Like whom is the Halachah?
10)
(a)Rebbi Yehudah says furthermore - that one may make an Eiruv in a Mavoy that is open at both ends (See Tos. Yom-Tov) ...
(b)... because (following his reasoning in the previous case) he holds that since it has two opposite walls it is considered a R'shus ha'Yachid anyway.
(c)The Chachamim - forbid it (See Tiferes Yisrael).
(d)The Halachah is - like the Chachamim.
